Ngaba ukhathazekile ngamahlwili egazi? Usenokuba ukhathazekile ngokuba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi. Kubantu abasengozini, oogqirha banika uhlobo lwamayeza olwaziwa ngokuba "yi-blood thinner." Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngodidi olutsha, kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu, lwamayeza. Loo mayeza yi-Direct Thrombin Inhibitors.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi Direct Thrombin Inhibitors?
La ngamayeza esiwabiza ngokuba ngamayeza okunciphisa igazi, okanye amayeza okuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi ngokwezonyango. Umsebenzi wawo kukuyeka ukwakheka okungeyomfuneko kwamahlwili egazi emzimbeni. Khawucinge nje, uninzi lwabantu emhlabeni lufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngoko ke olu hlobo lwamayeza lunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni amahlwili egazi ukuba angavali imithambo yegazi ebonelela ngezitho ezibalulekileyo ezifana nentliziyo nengqondo.
Nangona ngaphambili, la mayeza ayenziwa kusetyenziswa izinto ezifana neproteni efumaneka kumathe ee-leeches, amayeza anamhlanje aveliswa kwiilabhoratri ngoku asetyenziswa.
Zeziphi iimeko ezisetyenziswa leli yeza?
Oogqirha bacebisa olu hlobo lwamayeza, olubizwa ngokuba yi-direct thrombin inhibitors, ukuthintela nokulawula iimeko ezininzi. Makhe sijonge itheyibhile efana nale ukuze kube lula ukuqonda olu lwazi.
| Imeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Acute Coronary Syndrome | Ukwehla okanye ukuyeka kwegazi ngequbuliso ngenxa yokuvaleka komthambo othwala igazi uye entliziyweni. |
| I-Thrombocytopenia ebangelwa yiHeparin (HIT) | Imeko enzima apho i-heparin encinci yegazi ibangela ukwehla kwee-platelet, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhekeni kwamahlwili egazi. |
| I-VTE (i-VTE) ye-Thromboembolism yemithambo yegazi | Kuvela ihlwili legazi lize linamathele ngaphakathi emthanjeni emzimbeni. |
| Ukuthintela iStroke kwi-Atrial Fibrillation (Afib) | Thintela istroke kwizigulana ezingenazo iingxaki zevalvu yentliziyo kodwa ezinentliziyo engaqhelekanga (i-Afib). |
| Emva kotyando lokutshintshwa kwesinqe | Nciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi emilenzeni emva kotyando. |
| I-Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) | Ihlwili legazi, ingakumbi kumthambo onzulu emilenzeni. |
| Ukubethelwa kweMiphunga | Ihlwili legazi emlenzeni liyaqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni osemaphashini. |
Ukongeza, eli yeza linikwa njengenaliti ngexesha lonyango olufana ne-angioplasty, evula imithambo yegazi entliziyweni.
Eli yeza lisebenza njani emzimbeni?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Zininzi izinto ezibandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Phakathi kwazo , "iTrombin" ifana nonjineli oyintloko wefektri yokujiya igazi. Nguye onika imiyalelo kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi.
Ngoko ke into eyenziwa yile Direct Thrombin Inhibitor kukuba ibopha ngqo kuloo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-thrombin ize iyithintele ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo. Kufana nomntu otsiba phambi komenzi we-blood clot aze aphazamise umsebenzi wakhe. Xa i-thrombin iyeka ukusebenza, yonke inkqubo yokwakheka kwe-blood clot iyayeka.
Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza linokubangela ukopha kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kukho inaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi -Idarucizumab yokuguqula imiphumo yepilisi ebizwa ngokuba yi -Dabigatran . Nangona kunjalo, akukho chiza lithile lamayeza e-intravenous (IV). Nangona kunjalo, xa iyeza liyekiwe, imiphumo yalo iyaphela emzimbeni ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Zithini iingenelo zale yeza?
Xa kuthelekiswa nemithi yokunciphisa igazi endala, olu hlobo lutsha lwamayeza luneengenelo ezininzi.
- Iziphumo zicacile ngakumbi:Ngenxa yokuba eli yeza libopha kuphela kwi-thrombin, iziphumo zihlala zifana kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba ungalindela iziphumo ezifanayo ngalo lonke ixesha uthatha idosi efanayo. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba utshintshe idosi rhoqo njengoko ubuya kwenza nge-warfarin.
- Ayinciphisi iiplatelets zegazi: Ezi azinciphisi iiplatelets zegazi njengamanye amayeza.
- Akukho mfuneko yokuvavanywa kwegazi rhoqo: Xa uthatha iWarfarin, kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukujonga izinga lokujiya kwegazi lakho (uvavanyo lwe-INR). Kodwa eli yeza alifuni loo nto.
- Umngcipheko ophantsi kunye nokulula: I-Dabigatran, ethathwa njengepilisi, inomngcipheko ophantsi wokopha xa ithelekiswa ne-Warfarin. Ikwanazo nezinye iindlela ezimbalwa zokusebenzisa amayeza. Ikwalula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa kuba inokuthathwa kanye okanye kabini ngemini.
- Enye indlela elungileyo: Le yindlela elungileyo kwabo bangenako ukusela iyeza iHeparin.
Ingaba eli yeza lisebenza kangakanani? Ngaba kukho umngcipheko?
Uphando lubonise ukuba eli yeza likhuselekile kwaye lisebenza kakuhle njengeWarfarin okanye iHeparin. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isilumkiso esinye esibalulekileyo. Eli yeza alifanelekanga kubantu abaneevalvu zentliziyo ezisetyenziswa ngoomatshini. Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika iingcebiso ngale nto.
Umahluko omkhulu kula mayeza kukuba ahlala emzimbeni ixesha elifutshane.
Khawucinge nje, xa uthatha idosi yeWarfarin, malunga nesiqingatha sayo singahlala emzimbeni wakho iiyure ezingama-20-60. Kodwa xa uthatha iyeza elifana neDabigatran, isiqingatha salo siyaphuma emzimbeni wakho kwiiyure ezili-12-14.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyiqonde koku kukuba ayilocebo lilungileyo ukutsiba idosi yamayeza nangasiphi na isizathu . Ukuba uphoswa yidosi, isiphumo samayeza siya kuphela ngokukhawuleza, kwaye umngcipheko wokuba nehlwili legazi unokwanda ngequbuliso.
Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho?
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, ezi zinokuba nemiphumo emibi. Nangona ezinye ziqhelekile, ezinye zifuna ukuba silumke kakhulu.
Isiphumo esiphambili nesiyingozi kakhulu kukopha kakhulu (Iingxaki zokopha). Ukongeza, oku kulandelayo kunokwenzeka:
- Ukungakhululeki kwesisu, ukudumba (i-Dyspepsia)
- Isisu esibuhlungu
- Umchamo omdaka okanye opinki
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (iHypotension)
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Isiyezi
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Ifiva
- I-Sepsis (impendulo enzima yomzimba kwisifo)
- Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac
Ndifanele ndimtsalele umnxeba nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ngelixa usebenzisa eli yeza, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Ingakumbi ukuba kukho iimpawu zokopha kakhulu, yingxamiseko leyo.Umzekelo, ukuba inxeba aliyeki ukopha, ukuba indle yakho imnyama, ukuba uhlanza igazi, okanye ukuba uqaqanjelwa yintloko, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Musa ukulibazisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ii-Direct Thrombin Inhibitors luhlobo olunamandla kakhulu lwamayeza oluthintela ukujiya kwegazi. Soloko uthatha idosi echazwe ngugqirha wakho, ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Musa ukulibazisa idosi yamayeza nangasiphi na isizathu. Ukwenza njalo kwandisa umngcipheko wokuqhekeka kwegazi. Ukuba ulibele ukusela idosi, buza ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo.
- Qaphela iimpawu zokopha kakhulu (indle emnyama, igazi eligabhayo, ukopha okungapheliyo). Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, yiya kwi-ETU ngoko nangoko.
- Eli yeza alifanelekanga kuye wonke umntu (ingakumbi abo bane-mechanical heart valves), ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho imbali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango.
- Xa ufumana olunye unyango (nokuba kukukhutshelwa izinyo), yazisa ugqirha ukuba usebenzisa eli yeza.
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