Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba into owaqala ukuyenza ukuze wonwabe, okanye ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo, ekugqibeleni iya kuba nzima kakhulu kuwe ukuyilawula? Ubucinga ukuba "ungayeka nanini na," kodwa ngoku awunakuyeka, kwaye ichaphazela impilo yakho, ubudlelwane bakho, kunye nomsebenzi wakho? Ukuba kunjalo, awuwedwa. Namhlanje sithetha ngale meko inzima, kodwa inganyangeka.
Yintoni i-Sud (ingxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi)?
Ngamafutshane, ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi, okanye into esasiyibiza ngokuba "kukulutha iziyobisi," yimeko yempilo yengqondo . Ayibobuthathaka okanye umkhwa ombi. Sisifo. Ukuba indlela osebenzisa ngayo iziyobisi (utywala, icuba, naliphi na elinye iyeza) ibangela iingxaki kwimpilo yakho nakubomi bakho, yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Sudstance Use Disorder (SUD)".
Cinga ngale ndlela... Xa sisebenzisa ezi zinto, ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Dopamine)` engqondweni yethu iyakhutshwa. Oku kusenza sizive sonwabile kakhulu kwaye sikhululekile. Kodwa xa isiphumo sesiyobisi siphela, olo lonwabo nalo luyanyamalala. Emva koko ingqondo nomzimba wethu zifuna ukufumana loo "mvakalelo ilungileyo" kwakhona. Nokuba oku kubi kangakanani na kwimpilo yethu , asinakuyilawula loo mnqweno. Le meko inokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yakho yengqondo, ubudlelwane bosapho, imfundo, umsebenzi, yonke into. Kwezinye iimeko, inokuba yingozi ebomini.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba le meko inokuba buthathaka, ibe phakathi, okanye ibe nzima. Nokuba ukwinqanaba elingakanani na, khumbula ukuba le yimeko enokunyangeka kwaye iyanyangeka . Ukuba ukulungele, zininzi iindlela zokufumana uncedo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zale meko?
Le ngxaki inokunxulunyaniswa neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezi:
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cocaine
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-cannabis
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa icuba
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iMethamphetamine
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-opioid (ingxaki yokusebenzisa i-opioid)
Ngamanye amaxesha umntu angasebenzisa amayeza angaphezu kwesinye ngaxeshanye. Umzekelo, angasebenzisa icuba kunye notywala. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Polysubstance use disorder".
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Iimpawu zale meko ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweyeza olisebenzisayo. Kukho iindidi ezimbini eziphambili zeempawu.
| Udidi lweempawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Ukunxila | Ezi ziziphumo zexesha elifutshane ezenzeka kwangoko emva kokusela iyeza. Zingabandakanya ukozela, ukuzola kakhulu, uchulumanco olugqithisileyo, kunye neemvakalelo eziphakamileyo. Zingachaphazela nokukwazi kwakho ukwenza izigqibo kunye nokusebenza kwengqondo nomzimba. |
| Ukurhoxiswa | Oku kwenzeka xa iziphumo zeziyobisi ziphela kwaye ziqala ukuphuma emzimbeni. Ezi mpawu azimnandi kakhulu. Zingabandakanya ukuhlanza, isicaphucaphu, isisu esibuhlungu, ukubila kakhulu, ukungalali, ukuxhuzula kwemisipha, kunye nokutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo rhoqo. |
Uyazi njani ukuba unengxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba ubukhe waba neempawu ezimbini kwezi zilandelayo kwiinyanga ezili-12 ezidlulileyo, usenokuba nale ngxaki. Cinga ngale nto ngokunyanisekileyo.
| Uphawu / uphawu | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukwanda kobukhulu kunye nexesha | Usebenzisa amayeza ngobuninzi okanye ixesha elide kunokuba ubucinga. |
| Ukungakwazi ukulawula | Nokuba uzama ukunciphisa okanye ukuyeka ukuyisebenzisa, ayizukusebenza. |
| Ukunqwenela | Ndinqwenela kakhulu ukusebenzisa iziyobisi phantse imini yonke. |
| Itya ixesha | Ukufumana iziyobisi, ukuzisebenzisa, nokuchacha kwimiphumo yazo kuthatha ixesha elininzi losuku lwakho. |
| Isikhanyeli | Olu setyenziso lwenza kube nzima ukufezekisa uxanduva ngokufanelekileyo emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye ekhaya. |
| Imiba yentlalo kunye neyomntu ngamnye | Oku kubangela iingxaki kusapho nakubahlobo, kodwa uyaqhubeka nokukusebenzisa. |
| Ukuyeka izinto ozithandayo | Yiyo loo nto beyeka imisebenzi yokuzonwabisa kunye nezinto abazithandayo ngaphambili. |
| Ukusetyenziswa okuyingozi | Iziyobisi zisetyenziswa nakwiimeko eziyingozi emzimbeni (umz., xa uqhuba). |
| Ukungayinaki imiba yezempilo | Baqhubeka nokusebenzisa iziyobisi nangona besazi ukuba zibangela/zibangela ingxaki yomzimba okanye yengqondo. |
| Ukumelana okwandileyo (Ukunyamezelana) | Isixa esincinci endandisithatha ngaphambili asinamsebenzi ngoku. Ngoko ke kufuneka ndithathe esingaphezulu ngoku ukuze ndizive ngendlela endandiziva ngayo ngaphambili. |
| Iimpawu zokurhoxa | Xa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kuyekiwe okanye kuncitshisiwe, iimpawu ezingathandekiyo ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili (ukuhlanza, iintlungu zomzimba, ukungcangcazela) ziyavela. Ezi mpawu ziyanyamalala xa ukusetyenziswa kwakhona. |
Kutheni le meko isenzeka?
Akukho sizathu sinye sale nto, kodwa uphando lubonisa ukuba indlela iziyobisi ezibangela ngayo umlutha ibangelwa lutshintsho "kwinkqubo yomvuzo" yengqondo.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuba le meko idla ngokuvela:
- Impembelelo yoluntu: Ukuqala ukuphenjelelwa ngabahlobo okanye ukwamkelwa eluntwini.
- Ukufuna ukwazi: Ukuqala ukubona ukuba oku kuya kuyinika luphi uhlobo lovakalelo.
- Ukunyusa ukusebenza: Qala ukusebenza ngcono emsebenzini okanye esikolweni (umz., ukufunda emva kokulala).
- Ukunciphisa uxinzelelo: Ukuyisebenzisa ukunciphisa okwethutyana iimvakalelo zosizi, ixhala, uloyiko kunye nokudakumba.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?
Eyona ngxaki inzima nebulalayo yale meko kukusebenzisa iziyobisi ezininzi ngaxeshanye. Oku kuxa uthatha amayeza amaninzi ngaxeshanye. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha i-opioid egqithisileyo, inokuchaphazela inxalenye yengqondo elawula ukuphefumla. Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, ukuphefumla kunokuyeka kwaye kukhokelela ekufeni.
Ezinye iingxaki:
- Umhlaza
- Uxinzelelo
- Iintsholongwane (ezifana ne-hepatitis B, C, kunye ne-HIV)
- Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo
- Ukulahlekelwa yimfundo kunye nomsebenzi
- Ukuqhekeka kobudlelwane bosapho noluntu
- Ukuzibandakanya ekuziphatheni okungakhuselekanga, okungekho mthethweni, nokuyingozi
Ugqirha uyixilonga aze ayinyange njani le meko?
Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga oku. Ugqirha uza kuvavanya ngononophelo imbali yakho yezonyango kunye neendlela ozisebenzisa ngazo iziyobisi. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, banokwenza uvavanyo lokufumanisa iintlobo kunye nobungakanani bamayeza emzimbeni wakho.
Khumbula, ukuba uneempawu ezi-2-3 kwezi zingasentla, zithathwa njengezincinci . Ukuba uneempawu ezi-4-5, zithathwa njengeziphakathi . Ukuba uneempawu ezi-6 nangaphezulu, zithathwa njengezinzima .
Iindlela zonyango
Inyathelo lokuqala kunyango kukususa iyeza emzimbeni (Ulawulo lokurhoxisa okanye iDetox). Oku kunokuba nzima kakhulu, engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Ke ngoko, kukhuselekile ukwenza oku phantsi kweliso likagqirha, ngamayeza okunciphisa iimpawu 'zokurhoxisa'.
Emva koko, kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango:
1. Ingcebiso kunye noNyango:
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Oluqondayo (i-CBT): Lukunceda uchonge iindlela zakho zokuziphatha ezimbi kunye neengcinga zakho uze uzitshintshe.
- Unyango lweNtsapho: Lunceda ukuphucula ubudlelwane kunye neendlela zokuziphatha namalungu osapho.
- Amaqela okuzinceda: Ukuthatha inxaxheba kumaqela afana neNarcotics Anonymous kunokunika amandla amakhulu okoyisa le meko ngenkxaso yabanye.
2. Amayeza:
Kwezinye iintlobo zamayeza, kukho amayeza atshintsha i-chemistry yengqondo aze anciphise inkanuko yeziyobisi kunye neempawu zokurhoxa.
- Kwi-opioids: `(Methadone)`, `(Buprenorphine)`, `(Naltrexone)`
- Kwi-alcohol: `(Naltrexone)`, `(Acamprosate)`, `(Disulfiram)`
- Kwicuba: Iziqwenga zeNicotine, izitshizi zeempumlo, itshungama yokutshiza, amayeza afana neBupropion okanye iVarenicline.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kule meko?
Esi sisifo esingapheliyo, esihlala ixesha elide. Kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuchacha kunokwenzeka. Kufana nohambo. Abantu abahlukeneyo baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza izinto.
Ukubuyela umva kwakhona yinxalenye enokwenzeka yolu hambo. Kuthetha ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okwethutyana uze uqale ukuzisebenzisa kwakhona. Oku akuthethi ukuba uye wasilela. Kuthetha nje ukuba kufuneka uphinde uhlolisise isicwangciso sakho sonyango. Kubalulekile ukuba nenkqubo yenkxaso eqinileyo, kuquka usapho, abahlobo, kunye neqela lezonyango.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Ukuba uvakalelwa kukuba into oyisebenzisayo sele ingumkhwa kwaye awukwazi ukuyeka wedwa, qiniseka ukuba ubonana nogqirha. Musa ukoyika okanye ube neentloni ukucela uncedo. Asikuko ukuba unetyala, yimeko yezonyango ekufuneka inyangwe.
Ukufuna unyango kunokuba nzima. Ixesha elithathayo ukuyeka iziyobisi linzima. Ukunika iingcebiso kuyadinisa ngokweemvakalelo. Kodwa ukuchacha sesona sipho sixabisekileyo onokusifumana. Njengoko uqala olu hambo, cela uncedo kumhlobo othembekileyo okanye ilungu losapho. Inkuthazo yabo inokukunika amandla owadingayo ukuze ubone ugqirha.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi (i-SUD) ayikobuthathaka bakho, yimeko yengqondo efuna unyango.
- Ukufumana uncedo linyathelo lokuqala nelibalulekileyo lokuphuma kule meko. Musa ukuba neentloni.
- Ukuchacha luhambo. Kusenokubakho ukuphinda ubuye endleleni, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba uhlulekile. Into ebalulekileyo kukuphinda uzame.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale ngxaki, thetha nogqirha ofanelekileyo namhlanje. Awuwedwa.
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