Ngaba nawe ungumntu othanda iziyobisi? Masithethe ngomlutha weziyobisi noNirogi Lanka!

Ngaba wakha waziva ngathi, “Andikwazi ukukhululeka koku”? Isenokuba ngumkhwa ombi, okanye isenokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi—umlutha. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni kanye kanye le nto, kutheni isenzeka, kwaye ungayifumana njani indlela yokubuyela kubomi obusempilweni. Nangona le yingongoma enzima, siza kuyichaza ngokulula ngeNirogi Lanka.

Yintoni i-Addiction, ngokwenene?

Ngamafutshane, umlutha kukunamathela kakhulu kwinto ethile okanye kwisenzo esithile uze uqhubeke nayo ungalawuleki, nokuba uyazi ngemiphumo emibi. Yimeko engapheliyo, ehlala ixesha elide . Ungazifumana usazi ukuba oko ukwenzayo kuyingozi kuwe okanye kubantu obathandayo, kodwa uzive ungenamandla okukuyeka.

Ukuba likhoboka leziyobisi kunokuchaphazela kakhulu impilo yakho, ubudlelwane, umsebenzi, kunye nayo yonke enye into ebomini bakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lweengcali ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba uqaphele iimpawu.

Ingaba sisifo?

Ewe, umlutha sisifo sempilo—sisifo . Ngokutsho kwe-American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM), umlutha sisifo sengqondo esingapheliyo. Asilulo uphawu lobuthathaka okanye ukwenza izigqibo ezingalunganga. Umlutha ngokwenene utshintsha i-chemistry yengqondo yakho . Ngale ndlela, umlutha ufana nezinye izifo ezingapheliyo ezifana nesifo seswekile okanye isifo sentliziyo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zokulutha?

Ngokubanzi kukho iindidi ezimbini zokulutha:

1. Ukulutha Ziziyobisi (Oogqirha babiza ezi ziyobisi ngokuthi ziingxaki zokusetyenziswa ziziyobisi ngokwezonyango).

2. Ukulutha Ngokwendlela Oziphatha Ngayo (Ukulutha kwimisebenzi ethile endaweni yokusebenzisa iziyobisi).

Ukulutha Ziziyobisi

Iingcali zonyango zibeka ezi ngxaki njengeengxaki zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. I-American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) inika iindlela ezicacileyo zokuchonga ezi meko.

Ezi zinto zinokuqala kumayeza amiselweyo ukuya kwiziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni. Makhe sijonge eminye imizekelo:

• Utywala .
• I-Caffeine – Ewe, abantu abaninzi banokuxhomekeka kwi-caffeine efumaneka kwikofu nakwiti.
• Intsangu/Intsangu.
• Izinto ezibangela iingqondo ezingaqondakaliyo – Ezifana ne-PCP kunye ne-LSD.
• Ii-hypnotics, i-sedative, kunye ne-anxiolytics – Amayeza afana neepilisi zokulala, ii-benzodiazepines, kunye ne-barbiturates ezisetyenziselwa ukulawula ukungalali kakuhle kunye nexhala.
• Izinto zokuphefumla – Ezifana nezinto zokunciphisa ipeyinti, ii-aerosols, iigesi ezithile, kunye nee-nitrites (ii-poppers).
• Ii-Opioids – Nokuba zimiselwe okanye azikho mthethweni, oku kuquka iintlungu ezifana ne-codeine, i-Oxycodone , kunye ne-heroin.
• Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo – Kuquka iAdderall ®, icocaine, kunye nemethamphetamine .
• Icuba/iNicotine – Iicuba, ii-e-cigarettes, okanye i-vaping .

Nangona ezi zinto zahlukile kakhulu, zonke zivuselela kakhulu iziko lomvuzo wengqondo yakho, zikunika uvuyo okanye uvuyo. Ukusebenzisa ezi zinto kunokukhokelela kwiZingxaki zoKusebenzisa iziyobisi—nangona kungengabo bonke abazisebenzisayo abaya kuba nomlutha. Ezi meko zinokuqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Umlutha lolona hlobo lunzima lweSifo soKusebenzisa iziyobisi.

Umlutha Wokuziphatha

Nasiphi na isenzo esivuselela iziko lomvuzo lobuchopho bakho sinokuba ngumlutha wokuziphatha. Abaphandi bayaqhubeka nokufunda ukufana nomahluko phakathi komlutha weziyobisi, umlutha wokuziphatha, kunye nezinye iimeko zokunyanzelisa (ezifana ne-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder okanye i-Bulimia Nervosa).

Okwangoku, iGambling Disorder yeyona kuphela umlutha wokuziphatha ovunyiweyo ngokusemthethweni kwiDSM-5 phantsi kodidi "lweengxaki ezingezizo iziyobisi".

Ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha azikahlelwa ngokupheleleyo kwi-DSM-5 ngenxa yophando oluqhubekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nawuphi na umsebenzi okanye umkhwa uqala ukukuchitha ubomi bakho ude ulibale ezinye iimbopheleleko, okanye ukuba uphazamisana nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla kwaye ubangele uxinzelelo lwengqondo, lwentlalo, lomzimba, okanye lwezemali, yingxaki leyo.

Imizekelo yeendlela zokuziphatha ezinokuba ngumlutha ibandakanya:

• Ukungcakaza .
• Ukutya (Ukutya ngokungxamisekileyo okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula ukutya).
• Ukuzilolonga okanye ukunciphisa umzimba (Xa kuthatyathwa kumanqanaba ayingozi kakhulu).
• Ukuthenga ngokunyanzelekileyo.
• Ubusela evenkileni okanye ezinye iindlela zokuziphatha eziyingozi.
• Ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okunyanzelekileyo.
• Ukubukela iphonografi.
• Imidlalo yevidiyo – Ikwaziwa ngokuba yi-Internet Gaming Disorder.
• Ukusetyenziswa kwe-intanethi (umz., ukusebenzisa ifowuni okanye ikhompyutha ngokugqithisileyo) – Ingakumbi malunga neendaba zoluntu.

Yintoni eyona nto ixhaphakileyo xa umlutha?

E-United States, i-Alcohol Use Disorder yeyona ixhaphakileyo, ilandelwa yi-nicotine kunye ne-cannabis. Malunga ne-10% yabantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwe-12 ubudala banengxaki yesifo esinxulumene notywala. Le meko iyafana kakhulu eSri Lanka, apho imiba enxulumene notywala kunye necuba ixhalabisa kakhulu impilo yoluntu.

Zithini iimpawu zokulutha?

Iimpawu zokulutha ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumntu kunye nento ethile okanye ukuziphatha okubandakanyekileyo. Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:

• Ukungakwazi ukuyeka: Usenokufumanisa ukuba nangona unqwenela ukuyeka ukusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye ukuphelisa ukuziphatha okubi, awukwazi. Usenokuba uzame ukunciphisa umngcipheko izihlandlo ezininzi kodwa ungaphumeleli, uhlala uziva ufuna ukufihla ezi zenzo okanye uxokise abantu obathandayo. Cinga ngomntu otshayayo ozixelela yonke imihla, "Le yicuba lam lokugqibela," aze afumane ukuba sele evutha kwakhona.
• Ukunyamezelana Okukhulayo: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, unokubona ukuba ukuze ufumane ulonwabo okanye ulwaneliseko olufanayo owawunalo ngaphambili, kufuneka usebenzise kakhulu esi sidakamizwa okanye uzibandakanye naso ixesha elide. Umzekelo, umntu oqale ngokusela utywala obuncinci unokufumanisa ukuba ufuna okungakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuze azive isiphumo esifanayo.
• Ukugxila kakhulu kwinto okanye umsebenzi: Ukuba unengxaki yokulutha, ungazifumana uxakeke yiloo nto okanye indlela oziphatha ngayo, uzive ngathi ilawule ubomi bakho. Ungachitha ixesha elininzi losuku lwakho ucinga ngayo, uyifuna, okanye uceba ithuba lakho elilandelayo lokuzibandakanya kuyo.
• Ukungakwazi ukulawula: Usenokuziva ungenathemba kwaphela, ngokungathi awunalo ilizwi kwiziyobisi ozisebenzisayo okanye indlela oziphethe ngayo. Oku kudla ngokukhokelela kwiimvakalelo ezinzulu zokuziva unetyala, ukudakumba, kunye nobunzima obukhulu bemiphumo ebangelwe kukulutha kwakho ebomini bakho.
• Iingxaki zobuqu kunye nemiba yempilo: Umlutha uchaphazela yonke into ebomini bakho—impilo yakho yomzimba, impilo-ntle yengqondo, ubudlelwane bomntu, kunye nomsebenzi. Usenokuba nzima ukuhlangabezana noxanduva lwakho emsebenzini, esikolweni, okanye ekhaya ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwakho iziyobisi okanye ukuziphatha. Ukuphinda uthi, nokuba uyazi kakuhle ingozi ebangelwa kukulutha kwakho, ungazifumana ungakwazi ukuyeka.
• Ukurhoxa: Xa uzama ukuyeka ukusebenzisa le nto okanye ukuzibandakanya nomkhuba, unokufumana ukungakhululeki okukhulu kwengqondo nokomzimba okwaziwa ngokuba ziimpawu zokurhoxa . Ngokwasemzimbeni, oku kungabandakanya ukungcangcazela, ukubila, okanye isicaphucaphu. Usenokujongana noxinzelelo olukhulu lwengqondo, olufana nokuxhalaba okanye ukucaphuka.

Kutheni abantu bekhula ukuba ngamakhoboka?

Akukho sizathu sinye sokuba likhoboka— yimeko enzima . Into ephambili ekuphuhliseni umlutha kukutshintsha kweenkqubo zeekhemikhali zobuchopho bakho.

Utshintsho kwiKhemistri yoBuchongo

Iziyobisi kunye neendlela ezithile zokuziphatha zichaphazela kakhulu ingqondo yakho, ingakumbi iziko lemivuzo yengqondo yakho.

Njengabantu, ngokwebhayoloji sinomnqweno wokufuna ulonwabo nolwaneliseko. Uninzi lwale mivuzo luvela kwimisebenzi enempilo. Xa uchitha ixesha nomntu omthandayo okanye ukonwabela isidlo esinempilo, umzimba wakho ukhupha ikhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-dopamine . Yile nto ikwenza uzive ulungile. Idala umjikelo: ufuna loo mava amnandi kuba akwenza uzive wonwabile.

Iziyobisi kunye neendlela ezithile zokuziphatha (ezifana nokungcakaza okanye ukuchitha imali ngendlela enobungozi) nazo zibangela ukukhululwa okukhulu kwe-dopamine engqondweni yakho ngequbuliso. Nangona kunjalo, endaweni yokukukhuthaza kwimikhwa yokugcina ubomi, la manqanaba aphezulu e-dopamine anokuchaphazela kakubi iingcinga zakho, iimvakalelo zakho kunye nokuziphatha kwakho.

Ngenxa yoko, unokunyanzeleka ukuba ufune okungakumbi kuloo nto okanye indlela yokuziphatha, ngelixa umdla wakho kwimisebenzi enempilo nevuzayo uncipha.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi zinto okanye imisebenzi iyayitshintsha kakhulu i-chemistry yengqondo yakho. Uba ngumntu ongenamvakalelo ngazo. Ngenxa yoko, udinga okungakumbi kwezi zinto okanye imisebenzi ukuze uzive ulonwabo olufanayo nolwawunalo ngaphambili.

Kwezinye izinto, ezinje ngee -opioids , iimpawu zokurhoxa zinzima kangangokuba zidala inkuthazo enamandla yokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa ukuze kuthintelwe loo ntlungu yomzimba neyengqondo.

Ezinye Izinto Ezibangela Ingxaki

Ukulutha kuphenjelelwa zezinye izinto ezininzi:

• I-Genetics: Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-40% ukuya kwi-60% yomngcipheko wayo nayiphi na ingxaki yokusebenzisa iziyobisi idluliselwa kwilifa. Ukuba ilungu losapho—njengomntakwenu okanye umzali—liye lasokola noku, usenokuba notyekelo oluphezulu lwe-genetic. Izazinzulu zisasebenza ukufumanisa ii-gene ezithile ezibandakanyekayo kule ngozi.
• Iimeko zempilo yengqondo: Kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kokulutha kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba , i-PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) , okanye i-bipolar disorder . Phantse isiqingatha sabo banengxaki yempilo yengqondo nabo baya kuba nengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi , kwaye ngokuchaseneyo.
• Izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume: Ukufikelela lula kwizinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume kuyinto ebalulekileyo ebangela umngcipheko kwindalo. Ukuba uhlala nabantu abasebenzisa izinto ezichaphazela imeko-bume, okanye ukuba unikwe amayeza (afana nee-opioids okanye izikhuthazi) angasetyenziswa gwenxa, umngcipheko wakho wokuvezwa uyanda. Amava amabi obuntwana (ii-ACE) nawo adlala indima enkulu. Ii-ACE zibhekisa kwiziganeko ezixinzelelekileyo okanye ezibuhlungu ezenzeka ebuntwaneni, ezinxulunyaniswa kakhulu nemiba eyahlukeneyo yempilo ebomini bonke, kubandakanya nophuhliso lomlutha.

Ndingazazi njani ukuba ndinengxaki yokulutha? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuze afumanise ukuba umlutha, ugqirha wakho unokukuthumela kwingcali yezengqondo , kwingcali yezengqondo , okanye kumcebisi weziyobisi notywala . Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uza kukubuza imibuzo (mhlawumbi nosapho lwakho) malunga neendlela ozisebenzisa ngazo okanye malunga nokuziphatha kwakho.

Ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze acele uvavanyo lwegazi okanye lomchamo. Olu vavanyo lubonelela ngolwazi malunga nempilo yakho iyonke kwaye lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho naziphi na iimeko zempilo ezisisiseko ekufuneka zijongwane nazo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo zokulutha?

Apha eNirogi Lanka, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa umxube weendlela zonyango. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Ulawulo lweSibhedlele:Ezinye iimpawu zokurhoxa zinokuba yingozi xa uyeka iziyobisi ezithile. Iiyunithi zesibhedlele ezikhethekileyo zibonelela ngokubekwa esweni kwezonyango kunye nonyango ukuze zikuncede ulawule ezi mpawu ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
• Amayeza: Amayeza athile anokunceda ekunciphiseni iminqweno, iminqweno enamandla, kunye neempawu zokurhoxa ezingapheliyo. Ukuba ujongene nenye imeko yempilo yengqondo (umz., iBipolar Disorder, iDepression), ugqirha wakho unokubonelela ngonyango olujoliswe kubo nabo.
• Ukuvuselelwa (Ukuvuselelwa): Oku kuquka amalungiselelo "okuphila ubomi obungenaxhala" okanye "unyango lokuhlala." Amaziko okuvuselelwa anikezela ngeengcebiso ezicwangcisiweyo, imfundo, inkxaso eqhubekayo, kunye nenkuthazo. Ungafumana unyango ngelixa uhlala kwiziko (ukuvuselelwa kwezigulane ezilaliswe ngaphakathi) okanye ngokuya kwiiseshoni ezicwangcisiweyo ngelixa uhlala ekhaya (ukuvuselelwa kwezigulane ezilaliswe ngaphandle). Ingqwalasela ephambili yeenkonzo zokuvuselelwa kukuxhasa ekulawuleni umlutha wakho ixesha elide kunye nokwakha ubomi obusempilweni nobuzinzileyo.
• Unyango: Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zinceda abantu bafumane iimbono ezintsha kwaye batshintshe indlela abaziphatha ngayo. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lwengqondo (unyango lokuthetha), olufana nonyango lokuziphatha oluqondayo (i-CBT) okanye unyango lwamaqela, ukukunceda uhambe uhambo lwakho lokuchacha.
• Amaqela eNkxaso: Abantu abaninzi bafumana impumelelo ngokusebenzisa amaqela enkxaso. Imizekelo ibandakanya i-Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) kwabo banengxaki yotywala okanye i-Narcotics Anonymous (NA) ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi. Amaqela afana ne-Al-Anon anika inkxaso ebalulekileyo kwiintsapho nakubahlobo babo baneengxaki zokusebenzisa iziyobisi. La maqela anika indawo ekhuselekileyo yokwabelana ngamava kunye nokufumana inkuthazo eqhubekayo.

Ubomi bunjani emva kokuba woyisile umlutha? (Imbono)

Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, abantu abaninzi bayakwazi ukulawula umlutha wabo ngempumelelo baze baphile ubomi obupheleleyo nobunempilo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchacha ekusebenziseni iziyobisi okanye umlutha wokuziphatha akulula . Inkqubo yenkxaso equka abahlobo abakhathalayo, usapho, kunye neengcali zonyango idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenzeni unyango lwakho lube yimpumelelo.

Ngaphandle konyango, ukuba likhoboka kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu zempilo okanye nokufa. Kunokutshabalalisa ubudlelwane bomntu, kukhokelela kwiingxaki zemali, kwaye kubangele iingxaki zomthetho. Ukuba likhoboka elinganyangwanga lichaphazela nabantu obathandayo, kunye nemiphumo enokuthi ihlale ihleli izizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Ngaba zikho iindlela zokuthintela umlutha?

Kukho amanyathelo aliqela onokuwathatha ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba likhoboka:

• Ziphephe okanye Uzinciphise Izinto Ezibangela Umlutha: Zama ukuphepha ukusebenzisa izinto ezinganikwanga wena. Xa usebenzisa amayeza amiselweyo, soloko ulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokungqongqo. Ukuba uziva ngathi uxhomekeke kumayeza amiselweyo, yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
• Yazi Imbali Yosapho Lwakho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unembali yokusebenzisa iziyobisi okanye umlutha wokuziphatha, usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namaqhinga okunciphisa umngcipheko wakho.
• Lawula Uxinzelelo Ngendlela Esempilweni: Iziganeko zobomi ezibangela uxinezeleko zinokunyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi. Ngala maxesha, kubalulekile ukuziqhelanisa neendlela ezisempilweni zokujongana noxinzelelo (umz., ukuzilolonga, ukucamngca, okanye ukuqala umdlalo omtsha). Ukuba ukufumanisa kunzima ukulawula uxinzelelo, cinga ngokuthetha nomcebisi wezempilo yengqondo .

Indlela yokunceda umntu onengxaki yokulutha

Ukufumanisa ukuba umntu omthandayo ulwa nomlutha kunokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye kuyabangela uxinzelelo. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokumxhasa ngelixa uzinyamekela:

• Nxibelelana Nathi Kwangethuba:Okukhona umntu efumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona kusiba ngcono ukuqikelela ukuba uza kuthini. Veza iingxaki zakho kwaye umncede afumane inkxaso yobungcali ngokukhawuleza. Cebisa ukufowunela umnxeba woncedo olungxamisekileyo, ukuthetha nogqirha okanye umcebisi wezempilo yengqondo , ukungena kwinkqubo yonyango, okanye ukuya kwintlanganiso yamanyathelo ali-12. Nika uncedo lwakho kunye nenkxaso ngaphandle kokugweba.
• Ziqhelise Uvelwano: Nokuba awuvumelani nomntu omthandayo, mphulaphule ngononophelo. Xa umntu omthandayo eziva eqondwa ngokwenene, kunokwenzeka ukuba akujonge njengomlingane othembekileyo ekuchacheni kwakhe.
• Yiba Nomonde: Musa ukulindela ukuba incoko enye okanye isenzo esinye "sinyange" umlutha womntu omthandayo. Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye nomlutha wokuziphatha ziyinkimbinkimbi, ziimeko ezingapheliyo, kwaye akukho "zilungiso ezikhawulezayo."
• Zikhathalele: Abahlobo kunye namalungu osapho lwabantu abanengxaki yokulutha badla ngokuba noxinzelelo, ixhala, usizi, kunye nokuba bodwa. Kubalulekile ukubeka phambili impilo yakho yengqondo; ukuba uyasokola, funa uncedo nawe. Cinga ngokujoyina iqela lenkxaso kwiintsapho kuluntu lwakho.

Ngaba udinga ukubona ugqirha?

Umlutha yingxaki enkulu yempilo. Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omkhathaleleyo unengxaki yomlutha, thetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza. Unyango lobuchwephesha kunye namaqela enkxaso anokubonelela ngoncedo olufunekayo ukuze uphile.

Inqaku Lokugqibela (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ekugqibeleni, nceda ukhumbule ukuba ukuba likhoboka yimeko yempilo, hayi uphawu lobuthathaka okanye isiphene sobuntu. Inokwenzeka nakubani na, njengesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyazi kukuba ukuchacha kunokwenzeka.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubandezelekile, nceda wazi ukuba awuwedwa. Musa ukoyika okanye ungabi neentloni ukucela uncedo. Thetha nogqirha, umcebisi, okanye umntu omdala othembekileyo. Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, izigidi zabantu ziye zayeka ukulutha ukuze ziphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo. Uhambo lunokuba nzima, kwaye kunokubakho iingxaki endleleni, kodwa ungayeki. Unamandla okoyisa oku ngoncedo lukaNirogi Lanka.

Umlutha, Ukuchacha, Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi, Impilo Yengqondo, Inkxaso Yobuchwephesha