Khawucinge ukuba ufake isicelo somsebenzi omtsha, okanye ufumene ingozi waza waphelela esibhedlele. Kuthekani ukuba ngequbuliso uxelelwe ukuba kufuneka wenze "uvavanyo lweziyobisi"? Ubuya kuba nexhala kancinci, akunjalo? Yintoni kanye kanye uvavanyo lweziyobisi? Kutheni lwenziwa? Uzitolika njani iziphumo? Mhlawumbi awukaze ucinge ngako. Kodwa le yinto ekufuneka siyazi sonke. Ngoko masithethe ngayo ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni uvavanyo lweziyobisi?
Uvavanyo lweziyobisi luvavanyo lokufumanisa ukuba unayo na isiyobisi esisemthethweni okanye esingekho mthethweni emzimbeni wakho. Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa isampulu yebhayoloji ethathwe emzimbeni wakho, umzekelo, umchamo okanye igazi.
Xa sicinga "ngeziyobisi," sihlala sicinga ngezinto ezingekho mthethweni, kodwa ezi mvavanyo zigubungela uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, ziquka:
- Izinto ezisemthethweni - ezinje ngotywala necuba.
- Amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha angathengwa kwikhemesti ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha.
- Amayeza abhalwe ngugqirha.
- Iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba uvavanyo olunye alunakuxelela ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umntu usebenzisa iziyobisi ixesha elingakanani okanye kangakanani. Oku kuthetha ukuba olu vavanyo lodwa alwanelanga ukwahlula phakathi komntu osebenzisa iziyobisi ngamanye amaxesha nomntu oxhomekeke kwiziyobisi.
Amayeza ahlukeneyo esiwasebenzisayo ayahlulwahlulwa (aguqulwa) yimizimba yethu ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, nangona amanye amayeza enokuhlala emzimbeni iintsuku ezimbalwa, amanye anokuhlala emzimbeni iiveki. Oku kuthetha ukuba ixesha apho amayeza anokufunyanwa khona liyahluka. Uvavanyo olusetyenziswa kakhulu koku kuvavanyo lwamayeza omchamo (UDT).
Kuphantsi kwaziphi iimeko apho kuyimfuneko ukwenza uvavanyo olunjalo?
Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zokuba kutheni kufuneka uvavanye iziyobisi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
Emsebenzini
Le yeyona sizathu siqhelekileyo. Amaziko angacela olu vavanyo ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqeshe umqeshwa omtsha: Oku kungaba yinto enyanzelekileyo, ingakumbi ukuba ufudukela kwelinye ilizwe okanye ukwindawo enoxanduva olukhulu.
- Ngethuba usemsebenzini: Eminye imibutho yenza olu vavanyo ngokungacwangciswanga okanye ngokweshedyuli.
- Xa kurhanelwa ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: Ukuba kuvela ukurhanelwa ngenxa yotshintsho kwindlela umqeshwa aziphethe ngayo, njengokungaphangeli emsebenzini.
- Emva kwengozi emsebenzini: Ukufumanisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi bekuyimbangela yengozi.
Ngenxa yezizathu zonyango
- Uxilongo kunye nonyango: Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukujonga nokunyanga abantu abaxhomekeke kutywala okanye iziyobisi. Lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba basabela kakuhle kunyango, bahlala bengaselanga tywala, okanye bayaphinda babuyele kwiziyobisi.
- Iimeko ezingxamisekileyo: Ukuba umntu ulaliswe esibhedlele ngequbuliso ngenxa yokugqithisa amayeza okanye ityhefu, olu vavanyo lwenziwa kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) ukuze kufunyaniswe unobangela ochanekileyo weempawu.
- Ukubeka esweni amayeza: Ukuba ugqirha ukunike amayeza afana nee-opioids, anobungozi obukhulu bokungakwazi ukuxhomekeka, ugqirha wakho ngamanye amaxesha angacela olu vavanyo ukuze abone ukuba uwathatha ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo na amayeza nokuba uyawasebenzisa kakubi na.
Ngeenjongo zomthetho
- Imiyalelo yeNkundla: Olu vavanyo luyimfuneko kwimiyalelo yenkundla xa luthunyelwa kwiinkqubo zokubuyisela umva okanye ngexesha lovavanyo.
- Uphando loLwaphulo-mthetho: Ukuqokelela ubungqina bolwaphulo-mthetho.
- Ukuqhuba uphantsi kwempembelelo yotywala okanye iziyobisi: Uphando olwenziwe ngamapolisa.
Kwicandelo lezemidlalo
Olu vavanyo luyimfuneko ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba abadlali abangochwephesha basebenzisa iziyobisi eziphucula ukusebenza kwabo na.
Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lwamayeza ezikhoyo?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwamayeza. Zihlulwe ngokwesampulu ethathiweyo kuvavanyo kunye nohlobo lwamayeza avavanywayo. Masijonge oku ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Isampulu esetyenzisiweyo | Ulwazi olubalulekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lomchamo | Umchamo/Umchamo | Le yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu . Ingachonga izinto ezifana notywala, ii-amphetamines , ii-benzodiazepines , ii-opioids , i-cocaine, kunye ne-marijuana (THC) . |
| Uvavanyo lweGazi | Igazi | Isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo (kwi-ETU) , inokulinganisa ubungakanani botywala (i-ethanol) egazini ngokuchanekileyo. |
| Uvavanyo lweFollicle yeenwele | Iinwele | Ulwazi malunga nokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ngumntu ixesha elide lunokufunyanwa. Ulwazi lunokufunyanwa ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezi-3 kwiinwele ezisentlokweni, kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwiinyanga ezili-12 kwiinwele ezikwezinye iindawo emzimbeni. |
| Uvavanyo lokuphefumla | Umoya Ophumayo (Umoya) | Isetyenziswa kakhulu ukufumanisa ukuba utywala sele busele kutshanje na . Yindlela esetyenziswa kakhulu ngamapolisa. |
| Uvavanyo lokubila | Ukubila | Ukunxiba iphedi yokufunxa ekhethekileyo enamathele eluswini kuqokelela umbilo. Kunokubona ukuba amayeza asetyenziswe na ngelo xesha. |
Uvavanyo lufumanisa ntoni kwaye njani?
Xa iyeza lingena emzimbeni, isibindi sethu kunye nezinye izitho ziyaliqhekeza. Kule nkqubo, iyeza liguqulwa libe zezinye iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'metabolites'. Emva kwexesha elithile, la mayeza kunye 'ne-metabolites' zawo zikhutshwa emzimbeni, ikakhulu ngomchamo.
Uvavanyo lweziyobisi lujonga ukuba isampulu yakho inala mayeza okanye ii-metabolites zawo.
Amaxesha amaninzi, iintlobo ezininzi zamayeza ziyavavanywa kwisampulu enye. Iintlobo ezi-5 eziphambili ezivavanywa rhoqo kuvavanyo lweziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni zezi:
- Ii-Amphetamines
- I-cocaine
- Intsangu
- I-PCP
- Ii-opioids
Ukongeza, zininzi nezinye izinto onokuzijonga. Umzekelo:
- Utywala `(i-Ethanol)`
- Amayeza okudakumba
- IiBarbiturates
- IiBenzodiazepines
- I-Fentanyl
- I-Heroin
- I-Morphine
- I-Nicotine
Ngaba kukho uvavanyo lweziyobisi olunokwenziwa ekhaya?
Ewe, kukho izixhobo ezithengiswayo ezikuvumela ukuba uvavanye isampuli yomchamo ekhaya. Kusenokubakho nezixhobo ezithengiswayo ezivavanya amathe, umoya, okanye iinwele.
Kodwa khumbula, ukuchaneka kwezi zinto kunokwahluka . Ngokuqhelekileyo azinabungozi kangako njengovavanyo lwelebhu. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba uvavanyo lwasekhaya lubonisa ukuba 'azinabungozi' (akukho ziyobisi), isampuli efanayo isenokuba 'zilungile' (amayeza akhoyo) ukuba avavanywa kwilebhu.
Ukongeza, i-American Academy of Pediatrics icebisa abazali ukuba bangabafaki abantwana babo kolu hlobo lovavanyo ekhaya. Izifundo zibonise ukuba ezi azinciphisi ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ebantwaneni, kwaye ukutolikwa gwenxa kweziphumo kunokonakalisa ubudlelwane bomzali nomntwana.
Ungaziqonda njani iziphumo zovavanyo?
Iziphumo zihlala zixelwa njenge ``Zilungileyo`` okanye ``Zimbi``. Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule xa utolika oku.
Ukuqonda isiphumo esihle (+)
- Ukuba ne-positive kuthetha ukuba iyeza elivavanyiweyo lalikho emzimbeni kumanqanaba abonakalayo kwixesha elithile.
- Oku akuthethi ukuba loo mntu unxilile ngelo xesha, okanye ukuba uxhomekeke kwiziyobisi.
- Izinto Ezilungileyo Ezingeyonyani: Ngamanye amaxesha amanye amayeza okanye ukutya okuthathayo kunokubangela iziphumo ezilungileyo. Umzekelo, ukutya imbewu yepoppy kunokubangela uvavanyo lwe-opioid oluhle. Amanye amayeza aqhelekileyo omkhuhlane anokubangela uvavanyo lwe-PCP oluhle.
- Ngoko ke, ukuba uvavanyo lokuqala lubonise ukuba lune-HIV, kwenziwa olunye uvavanyo oluthile (uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa) ukuqinisekisa ukuba lukhona. Yiloo nto ekhokelela kwisigqibo sokugqibela.
Ukuqonda isiphumo esibi (-)
- Ukungachaneki kuthetha ukuba iyeza elivavanyiweyo alikwazanga ukuchongwa.
- Isizathu soku sisenokuba inqanaba leyeza emzimbeni liphantsi kakhulu ukuba lingafunyaniswa, okanye ukuba iyeza lisetyenziswe ngexesha elingafunyaniswanga luvavanyo.
- Oku akuthethi ukuba loo mntu akakasebenzisi iziyobisi kutshanje, okanye ukuba akanangxaki enxulumene neziyobisi.
- Izinto Ezingalunganga Ezingeyonyani: Iziphumo ezimbi zinokubakho ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kweesampuli ngendlela engafanelekanga, imizamo yokukopa uvavanyo (umz., ukusebenzisa umchamo womnye umntu), okanye uvavanyo olungagubungeli iyeza elithile.
Uvavanyo lweziyobisi lunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kancinci. Kodwa khumbula, oogqirha kunye namagosa bahlalutya ngononophelo iziphumo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga nenkqubo okanye iziphumo, buza iarhente eyalela uvavanyo okanye ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lweziyobisi luvavanyo olusebenzisa isampulu yomchamo okanye igazi ukujonga ukuba kukho iziyobisi emzimbeni.
- Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemicimbi yengqesho, yezonyango, neyomthetho.
- Iziphumo ezilungileyo zodwa azithethi ukuba umntu uxhomekeke kwiziyobisi. Kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa oku.
- Isiphumo esibi asinakuqinisekiswa ngokupheleleyo ukuba umntu akasebenzisi iziyobisi konke konke.
- Ngaphambi kokuba wenze uvavanyo, qiniseka ukuba uxelela ugqirha wakho okanye igosa elifanelekileyo malunga nawo onke amayeza kunye nezongezo ozisebenzisayo.
- Ukuba uneenkxalabo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, thetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha oye wakubhalela.
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