Wakha weva ngento efana nale emabeleni akho? (Ductal Carcinoma in Situ - DCIS) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha weva ngegama elithi `DCIS`? Mhlawumbi ugqirha ulikhankanyile ngexesha lovavanyo lwakho lwebele `(Mammogram).` Esi sisifo somhlaza esibakho ngaphakathi kwimibhobho yobisi yebele, kwaye sinokubonwa kwasekuqaleni kakhulu. Ungakhathazeki, ukwazi oku kuya kukunika isiqabu esikhulu.

Yintoni i-DCIS (i-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ)?

Ngamafutshane, i-DCIS ngumhlaza okhula kwimibhobho yobisi emabeleni akho. Le mibhobho yileyo ithwala ubisi oluvela emabeleni akho ukuya kwiingono zakho xa uncancisa. Igama elithi "in situ" lithetha "endaweni." Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza zikhule ziphuma kwimibhobho kwaye azikasasazeki kwezinye iindawo zebele.

Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha babiza lo mhlaza webele ongangenisi okanye ongaphambi kokungena . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomhlaza azikhulanga ngaphaya kweendonga zemibhobho yobisi. I-DCIS ayisasazeki rhoqo kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, njengeemhlaza ezihlaselayo nezinobundlongondlongo.

Nangona kunjalo, nangona i-DCIS ingasasazeki ngaphandle kwebele, kwezinye iimeko inokuba yi- invasive ductal carcinoma . Oko kukuthi, inokusasazeka ngaphandle kwebele. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha ngale nto. Emva koko ungathetha ngeendlela zonyango ezinokunciphisa lo mngcipheko.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-DCIS?

I-DCIS lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamabele kubasetyhini. Ibandakanya i -20% ukuya kwi-25% yomhlaza wamabele osandula ukufunyanwa. Amadoda nawo anokuba ne-DCIS, kodwa ayiqhelekanga kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-0.1% yomhlaza ofunyenweyo).

Okwangoku, inani lamatyala abikiweyo e-DCIS linyukile kancinci. Kodwa iingcali zithi oku akubangelwa kukuba inani lamatyala e-DCIS linyukile, kodwa kungenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi bayafunyaniswa kwaye banyangwa . Oko kukuthi, iimvavanyo ezifana ne-mammograms zenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukubona imeko kwangethuba.

Zithini iimpawu ze-DCIS?

Ixesha elininzi, i-DCIS ayibonisi zimpawu zithile . Usenokungaziboni kwaphela. Nangona kunjalo, inani elincinci kakhulu labantu lisenokubona izinto ezinje:

• Ukuziva ngathi liqhuma elisebeleni.
• Ukurhawuzelela ulusu lwebele.
• Ukukhupha amanzi (umz., igazi) okuvela kwingono.

Ukuba ubona into efana nale, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, akunjalo?

Yintoni ebangela i-DCIS?

I-DCIS ikhula xa iiseli ezisempilweni kwimibhobho yakho yobisi zitshintshatshintsha., oko kuthetha ukuba indalo yabo itshintshile kwaye bakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye abalawuleki. Njengesityalo esincinci sikhula ngokungalawulekiyo njengokhula. Kodwa iingcali azikayazi kakuhle ukuba kutheni la maseli etshintsha ngequbuliso, okanye kutheni i-DCIS yabanye abantu iba ngumhlaza ohlaselayo ngelixa abanye bengenjalo.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-DCIS?

Kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho, okanye amathuba okuba ube ne-DCIS. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ukuba izalamane zakho zegazi (umama, udadewenu, intombi yakho) zikhe zaba nomhlaza webele.
• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza webele ngaphambili , okanye ukuba unemeko apho iiseli ebeleni zikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga, njenge- atypical hyperplasia .
• Ungumfazi (oku kuxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabafazi).
• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-30 ubudala . Le ngozi iyanda kancinci xa ukhula.
• Ukuba uqale ukuya exesheni ungekafiki kwiminyaka eli-12 ubudala .
• Ukuba ufumene umntwana wakho wokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-30 .
• Ukuba izicubu zebele lakho zixinene kakhulu, usenokuba "nezicubu zebele ezixineneyo" . Oku kunokubonwa kuphela nge-mammogram.
• Ukuba uneziguqu ezithile zezakhi zofuzo (umz., iizakhi zofuzo ze-BRCA1 kunye ne-BRCA2) ezonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.
• Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lwe-radiation ebeleni okanye esifubeni (ngenxa yesinye isifo).
• Ukuba awukaze ukhulelwe okanye uncancise umntwana.
• Ukuba ukuyeka ukuya exesheni kuqalile emva kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala .

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba nenye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi zinto zomngcipheko akuthethi ukuba uza kuba ne-DCIS, akunjalo? Umzekelo, ukuba nembali yosapho yomhlaza webele yinto ebangela umngcipheko kwi-DCIS, kodwa uninzi lwabantu abane-DCIS abanayo imbali yosapho yomhlaza webele. Izinto ezibangela umngcipheko zandisa amathuba okufumana imeko. Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-DCIS?

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ukuba awuyinyangi i-DCIS, ingaguquka ibe yi- invasive ductal carcinoma . Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ungakhula uphume kwimibhobho yobisi uze usasazeke kwezinye izicwili ezisebeleni. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufunyaniswe une-DCIS, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza, emva kokuba unyangiwe i-DCIS, usengozini yokuhlaselwa zezinye iimeko zempilo njengoko ukhula. Umzekelo:

• I-Osteoporosis (ukuncitshiswa kwamathambo)
• Igazi elonyukayo
• Isifo sentliziyo

Ukuze kuncitshiswe umngcipheko wezi ngxaki, kububulumko ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka uye kangaphi ukuze kuhlolwe kwaye kulandelwe.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-DCIS?

Oogqirha bafumanisa ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamatyala e-DCIS ngokusebenzisa ii-mammogram . Oko kukuthi, i-X-ray yamabele akho. Ukuba iziphumo ze-mammogram yakho zibonisa nantoni na ekrokrisayo, njenge-calcium deposits encinci (microcalcifications), baya kwenza i-biopsy ukuqinisekisa.

• I-Mammogram: Ukongeza kuvavanyo lwebele oluqhelekileyo (ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram), ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-mammogram ekhethekileyo (i-diagnostic mammogram). Oku kungathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yezicubu zebele lakho kwiikona ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuthatha ixesha elide kune-mammogram eqhelekileyo.
• I-Biopsy yebele: Oogqirha benza olu vavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziseli zomhlaza ebeleni lakho. Kolu vavanyo, kuthathwa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ngaba kukho amanqanaba e-DCIS?

Ewe, oogqirha bahlulahlula i-DCIS ibe ngamanqanaba amathathu. La manqanaba amiselwa kukuba iiseli zomhlaza zibonakala zingaqhelekanga kangakanani xa zijongwa nge-microscope kunye nokuba zinokukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani.

• Umgangatho ophantsi (okhula kancinci): Iiseli zomhlaza zifana kakhulu neeseli zebele ezisempilweni. Zikhula kancinci.
• Ibanga eliphakathi (elikhula ngokukhawuleza): Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga zifana neeseli zebele ezisempilweni, kodwa zahlukile kancinci kunezinga eliphantsi.
• Inqanaba eliphezulu (likhula ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo): Iiseli zomhlaza zibonakala zahlukile ngokupheleleyo kwiiseli zamabele ezisempilweni. Ezi zezona zikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuba ngumhlaza oqatha.

Zithini izigaba ze-DCIS?

I-DCIS yi -stage 0 cancer yebele. Iyakwazi ukunyangwa kwaye iyanyangeka. Oogqirha bahlulahlula umhlaza ukusuka kwi-stage 0 ukuya kwi-IV (4). I-stage 0 ithetha ukuba umhlaza ukwindawo enye apho waqala khona kwaye awukasasazeki. Nangona i-DCIS ihlala ikwi-stage 0, i-tumor ingaba nayo nayiphi na isayizi kwaye inokubandakanya imibhobho yobisi emininzi ngaphakathi kwebele.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-DCIS?

Nangona i-DCIS ingeyomhlaza onzima, kubalulekile ukufumana unyango . Okanye imeko yakho ijongwe rhoqo ngugqirha. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iintlobo ze-DCIS, ingakumbi ezo zikumgangatho ophezulu, zinokungena emzimbeni ukuba azinyangwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ungasasazeka ngaphaya kwemibhobho yobisi lwakho uye kwizicubu zebele ezingqongileyo.

Iindlela zonyango ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-DCIS zezi:

• Utyando Lokugcina Amabele (BCS) okanye iLumpectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa kuphela indawo yeeseli zomhlaza, kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu zebele eziphilileyo ezijikeleze umhlaza. Oku kususa inani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo (umda) ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziseli ezingaqhelekanga eziseleyo. Ugqirha wakho uya kushiya uninzi lwebele lakho lungaphazanyiswa.
• Unyango lwemitha: Olu nyango ludla ngokwenziwa emva kotyando lwe-BCS. Lusetyenziselwa ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wokubuya komhlaza. Abanye abantu bayaludinga olu nyango kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa, abanye kangangeeveki ezimbalwa. Ugqirha wakho uya kuthetha nawe ngesicwangciso sakho sonyango.
• Ukususwa kwebele: Oku kuquka ukususwa kwebele lonke elichaphazelekileyo, okanye ngamanye amaxesha omabini amabele (ukususwa kwebele kabini). Ukuba awufaneleki kwi-BCS (umzekelo, ukuba i-DCIS isasazeke kulo lonke ibele, ithumba likhulu kakhulu, okanye awufuni unyango lwemitha), kunokufuneka ukuba ususwe ibele lonke.

Ukuba ukhe wahlinzwa ibele, ungacinga ngokwakha amabele . Olu lutyando lokutshintsha amabele akho. Oku kungenziwa ngexesha elinye okanye emva kokuhlinzwa kwebele. Ukuba une-BCS, ukwakhiwa kwamabele akudla ngokuba yimfuneko. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela ofuna amabele akho anyamekele ngayo unyango.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando lwe-DCIS?

Emva kotyando, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okuthintela ukuba i-DCIS ingaphindi ivele, ingakumbi ukuba i-DCIS yakho ayivani neehomoni (i-ER-positive). Amayeza aqhelekileyo ngala:

• I-Tamoxifen (iTamoxifen - iNolvadex®)
• I-Aromatase inhibitors ( umzekelo, i-anastrozole, i-letrozole)

Olu nyango lubizwa ngokuba yi-hormone therapy . La mayeza asebenza ngokuthintela i-hormone estrogen ekuncedeni ukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza. Ixesha lonke lonyango lidla ngokuthatha malunga neminyaka emihlanu.

Ngaba i-DCIS ingathintelwa?

Izinto ezininzi ezibangela umngcipheko kwi-DCIS (umz., imbali yosapho, i-genetics) aziyonto esinokuyilawula okanye siyithintele. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba , i-DCIS inokuba luncedo kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto ii-mammogram zibaluleke kangaka.

• Uninzi lwabasetyhini kufuneka baqale ukufumana ii-mammograms rhoqo ngonyaka (okanye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini, kuxhomekeke kwicebiso likagqirha) emva kokuba begqibe iminyaka engama-40 .
• Ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza webele (umzekelo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onawo), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uqalise ukuxilongwa kwangethuba.

Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka wenze i-mammogram kangaphi ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezikubangela umngcipheko.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila elilindelekileyo kwi-DCIS?

Ezi ziindaba ezimnandi kakhulu! Amanani okusinda kwabantu abane-DCIS aphezulu kakhulu . Ngokutsho kwe-American Cancer Society, phantse wonke umntu one-DCIS (kwaye ofumana unyango) unokunyangeka . Oko kuthetha ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eli-10 limalunga ne-98-99%.

Iziphumo emva konyango zihlala zilungile kakhulu. I-DCIS ayiphindi ivele. Nokuba iyenzeka (kwibele elinye okanye kwelinye ibele, mhlawumbi njengomhlaza ohlaselayo), idla ngokunyangwa kwaye inyangwe. Ke ngoko, i-DCIS ayisongeli ubomi, ukuba inyangwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Nge-DCIS, kuya kufuneka uqhubeke uphantsi kweliso likagqirha emva konyango.

• Ngokwesiqhelo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze ahlolwe umzimba rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 , ubuncinane iminyaka emihlanu, uze emva koko kube kanye ngonyaka.
• Kwakhona, kuya kufuneka wenze i-mammogram rhoqo ngonyaka.
• Ukuba usebenzisa unyango lwe-hormone, kufuneka uluthathe kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelele.

Nangona kunjalo, imeko yomntu wonke yahlukile. Sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze umisele isicwangciso sakho sokhathalelo emva konyango. Kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ungaphoswa kukuhlolwa kwakho kunye nokuhlolwa kwe-mammogram njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Okwangoku, khathalela amabele akho.

• Ukuba ubona iqhuma elitsha ebeleni lakho.
• Ukuba ubona utshintsho kulusu lwamabele akho (ukuba bomvu, ukuba namaqhuqhuva, ukuba nemibimbi, okanye ukubonakala kwexolo loorenji).
• Ukuba ubona utshintsho kwingono yakho (ukugquma, ukuba bomvu, ukuqhekeka kwesikhumba, ukuphuma kwamanzi).
• Ukuba unentlungu engapheliyo ebeleni okanye ekhwapheni lakho.

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olunokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza webele , musa ukoyika okanye ukulibazisa, kodwa bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha wakho?

Xa ufumanisa ukuba une-DCIS, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba nemibuzo emininzi. Buza ugqirha wakho ngayo yonke. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Ndinalo inqanaba elingakanani le-DCIS?
• Luhlobo luni lonyango endiludingayo? Utyando? Unyango ngemitha? Unyango ngeehomoni?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zezi ndlela zonyango?
• Unyango luthatha ixesha elingakanani?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukusebenza ngelixa ndifumana unyango?
• Lithini ithuba lokuba i-DCIS ibuyele kwakhona?
• Kuza kufuneka ndize kangaphi ukuze ndilandelelwe?
• Kuza kufuneka ndiyenze kangaphi i-mammogram?
• Ingaba intsapho yam isengozini? Bafanele benze ntoni?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza sisiganeko esitshintsha ubomi. Kungokwemvelo ukuziva usoyika kwaye uxhalabile kuba ungazi ukuba ulindele ntoni. Ugqirha wakho ulapha ukukunceda. I-DCIS luhlobo lomhlaza olunamathuba aphezulu okuphiliswa . Ugqirha wakho unokwenza isicwangciso sonyango esilungele wena.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule malunga ne-'DCIS' (iDuctal Carcinoma in Situ) esithethe ngayo:

• I-DCIS sisifo somhlaza esiqalayo (iSigaba 0) esihlala sikwimibhobho yobisi yebele. Oku kuthetha ukuba asikasasazeki ngaphandle kwebele.
• Ixesha elininzi, ayibonisi zimpawu zithile . Idla ngokufunyanwa nge-mammogram .
• Ngenxa yokuba i-DCIS inokuba ngumhlaza ohlaselayo, kubalulekile ukuyifumanisa nokuyinyanga kwangethuba .
• Unyango ludla ngokuba lutyando (i-lumpectomy okanye i-mastectomy) . Unyango lwemitha kunye nonyango lwehomoni lunokunikwa.
• I-DCIS yimeko enyangekayo kakhulu . Ngoko ke ungoyiki kwaye ujongane nonyango ngesibindi.
• Qiniseka ukuba uyahlolwa kwaye wenze i-mammogram ngamaxesha amiselweyo njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba awuwedwa. Ugqirha wakho, usapho lwakho, kunye nabahlobo bakho bonke banawe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo malunga noku. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho lolona ncedo lukhulu onokulwenza.

I- DCIS, i-Ductal Carcinoma in Situ, uMhlaza webele, uMhlaza we-Milk Ductal, i-Mammogram, i-Biopsy, i-Lumpectomy, i-Mastectomy, iMpilo yamabele