Ngaba umntwana wakho unengxaki ngezibalo? Masithethe nge-dyscalculia!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki ngamanani? Mhlawumbi unengxaki yokwenza izibalo ezilula, okanye akanamdla kwizibalo? Njengomzali, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva ulusizi kwaye ukhathazekile. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngemeko abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo, kodwa enokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekufundeni kwabantwana. Yiyo loo nto i-dyscalculia .

Yintoni iDyscalculia? Ngamafutshane...

I-Dyscalculia yingxaki yokufunda. Ngokukodwa, ichaphazela ubuchule bokuqonda amanani kunye neengcamango zezibalo. Ngoku usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, ingaba ubuthathaka bomntwana wam kumanani buthetha ukuba akakrelekrele?" Akunjalo konke konke! Abantwana abane-dyscalculia abanangxaki yengqondo. Abangaphantsi kwabanye abantwana nangayiphi na indlela. Ingxaki kukuba indlela ingqondo yabo eqhuba ngayo ulwazi lwezibalo yahlukile kancinci kwindlela ingqondo engenaso esi sifo esebenza ngayo.

Iimpawu zesi sifo zihlala zibonakala ebuntwaneni, ingakumbi xa abantwana befunda ukwenza izibalo ezilula. Kodwa ungamangaliswa kukuba, abanye abantu abadala nabo bane-dyscalculia, kwaye basenokungazi nokuba bayayenza loo nto. Rhoqo, abantu abane-dyscalculia bafumana uxinzelelo lwengqondo xa kufuneka benze izibalo. Izinto ezifana nokuxhalaba kunye nokudakumba zinokwenzeka.

Kukwakho nohlobo lwe-dyscalculia oluvela kamva ebomini. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-acquired dyscalculia . Oku kunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha. Kubangelwa zezinye iimeko zonyango. Siza kuthetha ngaloo nto kamva.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweDyslexia kunye neDyscalculia?

Zombini ezi zinto zibangela iingxaki zokufunda, kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu. Ngamafutshane:

• I-Dyscalculia: Oku kuchaphazela izakhono zezibalo.
• I-Dyslexia: Oku kuchaphazela izakhono zokufunda.

Nangona ezi zimbini zahlukile, ngokutsho kwezikhokelo ze-DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) ze-American Psychiatric Association, zombini ziwela phantsi koluhlu "lweengxaki zokufunda ezithile." Abanye abantu banokuba nazo zombini ezi meko ngaxeshanye.

Ngubani onokuhlakulela i-dyscalculia? Ixhaphake kangakanani le nto?

I-Dyscalculia inokuchaphazela nabani na, kodwa idla ngokuqatshelwa okokuqala xa abantwana beqala isikolo kwaye bekwibanga lamabanga aphantsi (ngesiqhelo phakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-9 ubudala).

Ayixhaphakanga kangako, kodwa ixhaphake kwihlabathi liphela. Iingcali ziqikelela ukuba le meko ichaphazela phakathi kwe-3% kunye ne-7% yabemi behlabathi.

I-dyscalculia iyichaphazela njani ingqondo yakho?

Sibiza abantu abane-dyscalculia ngokuba yi-neurodivergent.Ukwahlukana kweengqondo yingcamango yokuba akukho buchopho babantu ababini obufanayo, nokuba ingqondo yomntu wonke ikhula kwaye ivuthwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo. Kubantu abane-dyscalculia, oko kuthetha ukuba indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yabo yahlukile kwindlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yomntu ongenaso esi sifo.

Cinga ngendlela okulula ngayo ukwenza ubalo olulula olufana noluthi "2+2=?" Kodwa kufuna izakhono ezahlukeneyo ukuze kudibane, kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho ukuze zisebenze kunye. Ezinye zezo zakhono zezi:

• Ukucubungula okubonakalayo: Amehlo akho ayayibona yonke ingxaki yezibalo, aze athumele ezo ziqwenga engqondweni yakho ukuze zicutshungulwe.
• Inkumbulo yexesha elifutshane: Xa usenza izibalo, usebenzisa le nkumbulo yexesha elifutshane ukukhumbula iinkcukacha (amanani, iimpawu, ulandelelwano lwazo).
• Ulwimi: Usebenzisa le nxalenye yengqondo yakho ukutolika intsingiselo yeempawu kwiingxaki zezibalo. Yiyo loo nto uyazi ukuba ithetha ukuthini i-plus sign, i-equal sign, kunye ne-question mark kule meko.
• Inkumbulo yexesha elide: Ufikelela kule nkumbulo ukuze ukhumbule inkqubo yokusombulula ingxaki yezibalo. Ngeli xesha, ingqondo yakho iyaqonda ukuba le yingxaki yokongeza esekelwe kuphawu lokudibanisa kunye nophawu olulinganayo.
• Ukuqonda ubungakanani kunye nexabiso: Ingqondo yakho iyaqonda ukuba uphawu "2" lumele ubungakanani okanye ixabiso elithile. Lo mgaqo udla ngokufundiswa abantwana abancinci ngokubanika imizekelo efana neziqhamo kunye nezilwanyana.
• Ukubala: Le nkqubo yiyo ekuncedayo udibanise yonke into ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla kwaye usombulule u-2+2=4.

Kumntu onesifo sengqondo, oko kukuthi, umntu ophuhliswe kakuhle engqondweni, zonke ezi nkqubo zisebenza njengoko kulindelekile. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-dyscalculia, ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima bemeko yabo, kufuneka balwe nezinye iindawo zale nkqubo.

Zithini iimpawu zeDyscalculia?

Iimpawu zixhomekeke kwinxalenye yenkqubo umntu anengxaki kuyo, kwaye zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntu kunye neemeko ahlala edibana nazo.

Abantwana abancinci (ukuya kwinqanaba lesikolo sabantwana abancinci nakwibanga lesikolo sabantwana abancinci)

Ezi zezona mpawu zixhaphakileyo kubantwana abancinci kakhulu:

• Ubunzima bokubala amanani.
• Ubunzima bokudibanisa inani elikhulu lezinto nenani (umzekelo, ukungakwazi ukudibanisa inani lesi-4 neemabhile ezi-4).
• Ubunzima bokuqaphela amanani kunye neempawu zezibalo.
• Ubunzima bokuhlela amanani ngokulandelelana (umz., ukusuka kwenkulu ukuya kwencinci, eyokuqala ukuya kweyokugqibela).
• Ubunzima bokubona nokusebenzisa imigca yamanani.
• Ubunzima bokufunda usebenzisa imali (iingqekembe okanye imali engamaphepha).

Abantwana abafunda esikolweni (amabanga aphantsi)

Iimpawu ze-dyscalculia zihlala zibonakala xa abantwana beqala isikolo, bemalunga neminyaka emi-6 ubudala. Iimpawu kwaba bantwana ziquka:

• Ukufunda ukubala amanani amancinci ngeminwe yakho (ingakumbi xa kubonakala ngathi akufuneki kuloo minyaka).
• Ubunzima bokubona izinto ezincinci xa uzijonga okokuqala (oku kubonakala ngathi umntu kufuneka azibale nganye nganye).
• Ubunzima bokwenza izibalo ezilula ngenkumbulo.
• Ubunzima bokukhumbula iitafile zokuphindaphinda.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda ingxaki efanayo yezibalo xa ulandelelwano lwamanani okanye iimpawu lutshintshiwe (ubunzima bokuqonda ukuba u-1+7=8 kunye no-8=7+1 ziyafana).
• Ubunzima bokuqonda amanani anikwe ngamagama (iingxaki zamagama) okanye iimpawu ezintsonkothileyo kancinci (ezifana > "ezinkulu kune" okanye < "ezingaphantsi kune").
• Ubunzima bokuhlela amanani ngokwesikali (10s, 100s, 1000s) okanye ngeendawo zedesimali (0.1, 0.01, 0.001).

Abantwana abancinci (isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo okanye ubudala besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo) kunye nabantu abadala

Iimpawu ezibonakala kubantwana abancinci nakubantu abadala ziquka:

• Ubunzima bokubala phantsi.
• Ubunzima bokusombulula iingxaki ezichazwe ngamazwi.
• Ubunzima bokuhlulahlula iingxaki zibe ngamanyathelo okuzisombulula.
• Kunzima ukulinganisa izinto.
• Ubunzima bokulinganisa ubungakanani (umz., izithako ezifunekayo xa kupheka/kubhaka).
• Kunzima ukusebenzisa imali (iingqekembe kunye namaphepha) ukuthenga iimpahla, ukutshintshiselana ngamanqaku ngeengqekembe (kwaye ngokuchaseneyo), nokwenza imali eyongezelelweyo.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda nokuguqula amaqhezu.

Iimpawu zengqondo

Ukongeza kwiimpawu ezinxulumene ngqo nezakhono zezibalo, abantu abane-dyscalculia banokubonakalisa iimpawu zengqondo xa kufuneka benze izibalo. Ezi mpawu zengqondo zihlala ziquka:

• Ixhala ( kuquka ukoyika iimviwo) okanye uloyiko.
• Ukungazoli, umsindo, okanye ubundlongondlongo (njengokukhala kakhulu kubantwana abancinci).
• Uloyiko (kuquka uloyiko lokuya esikolweni).
• Iimpawu zomzimba zazo naziphi na ezi zinto zingasentla (ezifana nokucaphuka, ukuhlanza, ukubila, iintlungu zesisu).

Zithini izizathu ze-dyscalculia?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ingakumbi ebantwaneni, iingcali azazi ukuba kutheni i-dyscalculia isenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ubungqina bokuba iingxaki zokufunda, kuquka i-dyscalculia, zinokungena kwiintsapho. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyadingeka ukuqinisekisa oku.

Into eyaziwayo ziingcali kukuba abantu abane-dyscalculia banamathuba amaninzi okuba notshintsho oluthile kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho. Olu tshintsho lubonisa ukuba ezo ndawo azikhulanga kakuhle kwaye kukho unxibelelwano oluncinci phakathi kweeseli zobuchopho. Ezi ziindawo zobuchopho ezichaphazeleka xa usenza nantoni na ebandakanya amanani kunye nokubala. Kodwa iingcali azikayazi ukuba kutheni olu tshintsho lwenzeka kwaye luchaphazela njani iimpawu zesifo.

Ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko

I-Dyscalculia idla ngokuvela nezinye iimeko. Ezi azizozizathu, kodwa zinokuba zizikhokelo kubaboneleli beenkonzo zonyango ukuze baqaphele baze baxilonge i-dyscalculia. Iimeko ezidla ngokuvela kwi-dyscalculia ziquka:

• Ingxaki yokungakwazi ukunikela ingqalelo (ADHD).
• I-Dyslexia, i-dysgraphia, okanye iingxaki zokufunda ezingezizo ezokuthetha.
• Iingxaki zokucubungula iimvakalelo.
• Ingxaki ye-Autism spectrum .

Abantu abane-dyscalculia nabo basengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zempilo yengqondo. Iingcali azazi ukuba ezi zinto zibangelwa yi-dyscalculia ngokwayo, kodwa ababoneleli bezempilo bayayiqwalasela le nto xa bexilonga kwaye becebisa unyango.

• Ingxaki yokuxhalaba okanye ukuphazamiseka kovalo .
• Iingxaki zokuziphatha (umz., isifo sokungavumi ukuchasana okanye isifo sokuziphatha ).
• Ukuxhuzula .
• Uxinzelelo .

I-Dyscalculia efunyenweyo

Kukho izizathu ezininzi ze-dyscalculia (okanye i-acalculia - ukungakwazi ukwenza izibalo kwaphela) kamva ebomini. Olu hlobo, olubizwa ngokuba yi -acquired dyscalculia, alulo ukukhubazeka kokufunda. Endaweni yoko, ludla ngokunxulunyaniswa nomonakalo kwiindawo zengqondo ezibandakanyekayo kwizakhono zezibalo. Izilonda zobuchopho (jonga inqaku elimalunga neBrain Lesions ukuze uqonde indlela owenzeka ngayo lo monakalo) zinokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo.

Ngaba i-dyscalculia iyosulela?

Hayi, i-dyscalculia ayisuleli. Awunakuyifumana kwabanye abantu, kwaye awunakuyifumana kwabanye.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-dyscalculia?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abokuqala ukuqaphela iimpawu ze-dyscalculia ziingcali zemfundo (ootitshala) kunye nabazali. Ukuba utitshala uyaphawula, banokubonelela ngezixhobo kunye nesikhokelo. Ukuba abazali bayaphawula, banokuthetha nogqirha wabantwana womntwana wabo ukuze bafunde ngakumbi ngenkqubo yokuxilonga nokunyanga i-dyscalculia.

I-DSM-5 ineekhrayitheriya ezimbini eziphambili zokukhubazeka kokufunda okunxulumene nezibalo. Ubuncinane enye yezi khrayitheriya kufuneka ibe khona kangangeenyanga ezintandathu, nokuba iqeqeshiwe, uncedo lweengcali luyafumaneka ukuze luyoyise.

• Ubunzima ekuqondeni ingqiqo yamanani, iinyani zamanani, okanye izibalo.
• Ubunzima ngengqiqo yezibalo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-dyscalculia?

Akukho vavanyo lwelebhu, lwemifanekiso, okanye lwesifo esinokuqinisekisa i-dyscalculia. Endaweni yoko, ingqwalasela ikukuvavanya izakhono ezithile zezibalo zomntwana kunye nokususa ezinye izizathu ezinokubakho (ezifana neengxaki zokubona okanye zokuva, ezinye iimeko zengqondo okanye zempilo yengqondo). Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo zinokunceda koku. Umboneleli wezempilo ngumntu ongcono ukuchaza ukuba zeziphi iimvavanyo zezakhono azicebisayo.

Inyangwa njani i-dyscalculia? Ngaba inganyangeka?

Ngenxa yokuba iingqondo zabantwana azikakhuli ngokupheleleyo, banokufunda nokuphuhlisa izakhono ezifunekayo ukuze bazivumelanise nale meko, ukuze abantwana banyangwe i-dyscalculia. Unyango ludla ngokuba lukwimo yeenkqubo zokufunda zomntu ngamnye.

Ezi nkqubo zijolise kwiimpawu ezithile, oko kuthetha ukuba zigxila kwizinto umntwana ajongene nazo kakhulu. Unyango kufuneka luqale kwangethuba. Unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuba abantwana bazivumelanise nale meko kwaye banciphise iziphumo zayo.

Ngelishwa, abantu abadala abane-dyscalculia, ngaphandle kokuba ifunyenwe i-dyscalculia, abathathwa njengabanokunyangwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ubuchopho babo bukhule ngokupheleleyo, nto leyo ebenza bangabi nathuba lokufumana uncedo kunyango olufana neenkqubo zokufunda. Kubantu abadala, ingqwalasela ikukubanceda bahlawule i-dyscalculia yabo ngokusebenzisa iteknoloji okanye ezinye iindlela.

I-Acquired dyscalculia inokunyangeka. Unyango olufumanekayo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ingakumbi unobangela oyintloko we-dyscalculia. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo unokukuxelela okungakumbi malunga neendlela zakho zonyango kunye noko bakucebisayo kwimeko yakho.

Unyango lweemeko ezinxulumene noko

Ukongeza kwiinkqubo zokufunda ze-dyscalculia, abantwana abanale meko banokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo kwezinye iimeko abanazo. Unyango lwezo meko luxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko esisiseko. Zingabandakanya amayeza, unyango lwengqondo, kunye nolunye unyango. Umboneleli wezempilo ngumntu ongcono ukukuxelela okungakumbi malunga nonyango olunokwenzeka, kuquka oko bakucebisayo kwiimfuno zakho ezithile.

Ngaba ndingayithintela okanye ndiyinciphise ingozi yokuba ne-dyscalculia?

I-Dyscalculia yenzeka ngequbuliso. Oku kuthetha ukuba ayinakuthintelwa, kwaye akukho ndlela yokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nayo.

Ndingalindela ntoni ukuba ndine-dyscalculia?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezithile, i-dyscalculia inokwenza kube nzima ukwenza imisebenzi elula yezibalo, njengokuhlawula amatyala okanye ukulandela iindlela zokupheka/ukubhaka. Ngonyango lwasekuqaleni, abantwana banokuqhelana nale meko kwaye banciphise impembelelo yayo ebomini babo. Abo bafumanisa ukuba banayo xa sele bekhulile banokuba neengxaki ngemiphumo ukuba abafumani unyango kwangethuba. Kuqhelekile ukuba neentloni ngale meko, kwaye abantu abaninzi baba nexhala, iintloni, kunye nokudakumba ngenxa yoko.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani i-dyscalculia?

I-Dyscalculia yimeko ehlala ubomi bonke. Akukho nyango lwayo, kodwaUnyango lwangethuba lunokunciphisa iziphumo ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Okukuphela kwento eyahlukileyo koku yi-Acquired Dyscalculia. Isenokuba yimeko yexeshana. Nokuba yinto yexeshana okanye akunjalo kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nokuba kutheni yenzekile kwaye imbi kangakanani. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela ukuba i-Acquired Dyscalculia yinto yexeshana kwaye iza kuhlala ixesha elingakanani.

Iyintoni ikamva lale meko?

I-Dyscalculia ayisiyongxaki. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abanayo banamathuba amaninzi okulwa neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezihambisana nayo. Iimeko ezifana nokudakumba kunye noxinzelelo zinokuba nemiphumo emibi - kubandakanya umngcipheko wokuzilimaza okanye ukuzibulala - ngoko ke kubalulekile ukufumana unyango lwale meko xa kuyimfuneko.

Ndingazinyamekela njani okanye ndilawule iimpawu zam?

I-Dyscalculia ayisiyongxaki onokuyixilonga kwaye uyinyange wedwa. Kwimeko yabantwana, kubalulekile ukubona umboneleli wezempilo ngokukhawuleza ukuze ayixilonge aze ayinyange le meko. Okukhona isenzeka kade, kokukhona amathuba okuba iinkqubo zonyango zingancedi.

Ukuba abantu abadala bane-dyscalculia, akukho nyango ngqo lwe-dyscalculia. Kubo, ingqwalasela ikukubanceda bahlawulele ukukhubazeka. Ubuchwepheshe kunye nezinye izixhobo, ezifana nee-apps ze-smartphone, zinokunceda ngale nto. Umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa ii-apps okanye izixhobo ezithile ezinokunceda. Kubantu abane-acquired dyscalculia, umboneleli wezempilo unokucebisa unyango olunokwenzeka okanye iindlela zokunceda kule meko.

Ngaba i-dyscalculia iyayichaphazela ingqondo yomntu?

Hayi, i-dyscalculia ayichaphazeli ngqo ubukrelekrele. Nangona abanye abantu abane-dyscalculia benokuba nokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukuba ne-dyscalculia akumenzi umntu abe krelekrele kangako. Enyanisweni, kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abane-dyscalculia bafumane amanqaku angaphezu komndilili kwiimvavanyo ze-IQ. Kwakhona, abantu abane-dyscalculia badla ngokuba ziingcali kwezinye iindawo, ingakumbi izakhono zokuyila (ingakumbi ubugcisa) kunye nokusombulula iingxaki.

Ngaba iDyscalculia luhlobo lwe-autism?

Hayi, i-dyscalculia kunye ne-autism spectrum disorder ziimeko ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona zombini ziphantsi koluhlu lweengxaki zophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental kwi-DSM-5, zisahluke kakhulu.

Ngaba iDyscalculia inxulumene ne-ADHD?

Ewe, kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwe-dyscalculia kunye ne-ADHD . I-ADHD yenye yeemeko ezidla ngokuvela kunye ne-dyscalculia. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi abanenye abanayo enye.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuba ndicinga ukuba umntwana wam une-dyscalculia?

Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza:

• Fumana izixhobo: Nika isikhokelo kwiingcali zemfundo kunye nababoneleli beenkonzo zempilo malunga nezinye izixhobo ezinokuba luncedo. Sebenzisa ubuchule babo ukunceda umntwana wakho.
• Fumana into esebenzayo kwaye uyisebenzise: Kukho amaqhinga kunye neendlela ezininzi ezinokunceda umntwana one-dyscalculia. Abanye abantwana bayazuza ngokusebenzisa imidlalo, umculo, okanye ezinye iindlela. Wakuba ufumene into esebenzayo, yisebenzise. Iya kunceda umntwana wakho afunde ngendlela ebafaneleyo.
• Yiba nomonde: Abantwana abane-dyscalculia banemeko eyaziwayo ephazamisana nokukwazi kwabo ukwenza izibalo kunye nabantwana abangenayo le meko. Le asinto banokuyilawula, kodwa banokufunda ukuyoyisa. Banamathuba amaninzi okuphumelela ekufundeni kwabo xa beziva ngathi kukho umntu ongasemva kwabo oza kubanceda.
• Nika inkxaso nokhuthazo: Kubalulekile ukunika inkxaso nokhuthazo kubantwana abanale meko. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso, ukuzithemba kwabantwana kusenokuba kuphantsi, kwaye uninzi lwabo lunexhala okanye ukudakumba ngenxa yemeko leyo. Nangona kunjalo, abantwana abafumana inkxaso nokhuthazo banamathuba amaninzi okuphumelela baze bafunde ukujongana nemeko yabo, nto leyo ethintela ukuba ingabavumeli kwixesha elizayo.

I-Dyscalculia sisifo sokukhubazeka ekufundeni esichaphazela ubuchule bomntu bokuqonda amanani kunye neengcamango zezibalo. Abantwana badla ngokubonisa iimpawu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-6 neyi-9 ubudala (okanye nangaphambi koko). Kuqhelekile ukuba abantu abane-dyscalculia babe nezinye izifo, kuquka ukukhubazeka kokufunda kunye neengxaki zempilo yengqondo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-Dyscalculia yingxaki yokufunda echaphazela izakhono zomntwana zezibalo, kodwa akuthethi ukuba umntwana uphazamisekile engqondweni. Ngokubona le meko kwangethuba kwaye unike umntwana iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokufunda kunye nenkxaso, ungamnceda ukuba oyise lo mceli mngeni aze aphile ubomi obuphumelelayo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo anjalo ngomntwana wakho, ungathandabuzi ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango kunye nenkxaso yootitshala. Umonde, uthando kunye nolwalathiso olufanelekileyo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo!

I- Dyscalculia, Ukukhubazeka kweMathematika, Ukukhubazeka kokufunda, Impilo yomntwana, Uphuhliso lobuchopho, Impilo yengqondo, Imfundo