Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci unengxaki yokwenza imisebenzi ethile? Masithethe nge-dyspraxia!

Ngaba umntwana wakho ngamanye amaxesha uziphatha ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunabanye abantwana? Umzekelo, ngaba ukhe waphawula ukuba unengxaki yokubamba ithoyizi kakuhle, ukuqhobosha ihempe yakhe, okanye ukubaleka edlala? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ubonakala esemva kwabanye ekwenzeni imisebenzi emincinci? Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yemeko ebizwa ngokuba yiDyspraxia, okanye iDevelopmental Coordination Disorder (DCD). Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha nangendlela elula kakhulu namhlanje.

Yintoni iDyspraxia? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, i-dyspraxia yimeko eqala ebuntwaneni kwaye iqhubeke. Ngokuyintloko ibandakanya umntwana onengxaki yokulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomzimba wakhe . Oku kuthetha ukuba unobunzima bokuhambisa iingalo nemilenze yakhe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze enze imisebenzi, abambe izinto, kwaye agcine ibhalansi.

Cinga ngako, abanye abantwana banengxaki yokukhwela ibhayisekile, ukubamba ibhola, okanye ukudlala imidlalo, akunjalo? Kwakhona, abanye abantwana banokuba nzima ukubhala, ukuzoba, ukuqhobosha ihempe, okanye ukubopha imitya yezihlangu kunabanye. Ezi ngxaki zinokuchaphazela umntwana ngamnye ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Kwabanye, ezi mpawu zinokubonakala besebancinci, ngelixa kwabanye, oku kusenokungabonakali de umntwana abe mdala kancinci.

Oogqirha bachaza le meko, ebizwa ngokuba yiDyspraxia okanye iDevelopmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), njengengxaki yokunyakaza enxulumene nophuhliso lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Ngokutsho kohlelo lwamva nje lwe-American Psychiatric Association lweengxaki zengqondo, iDSM-5, ichazwa ngolo hlobo. Ngaphambili, abanye babeyibiza ngokuba kukukhubazeka kokufunda.

Igama elithi "dyspraxia" likwasetyenziswa nakubantu abadala. Kodwa ayisiyongxaki eqala ebuntwaneni. Ngamanye amaxesha, ubunzima bokushukuma buyakhula kamva ngenxa yomonakalo engqondweni, njengokubetha okanye ukwenzakala kwengqondo, kwaye oogqirha bayibiza ngokuba yi-"acquired dyspraxia."

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweDyspraxia kunye neApraxia?

Oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basebenzisa amagama athi 'apraxia' kunye nelithi 'dyspraxia' ngokutshintshana, kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini. I-Apraxia idla ngokuba yimeko enzima ngakumbi kune-dyspraxia.

Khawucinge nje, xa umntu one-apraxia ecelwa ukuba enze into ethile, nangona eyiqonda kwaye efuna ukuyenza, akakwazi ukuyenza kwaphela. Oko kukuthi, ulahlekelwe ngokupheleleyo kubuchule bokwenza intshukumo.

Kodwa, okwenzekayo ngeDyspraxia kukuba nokuba uzama kangakanani na ukwenza into ethile, ayisebenzi.Kunzima nje ukukwenza ngokuchanekileyo, ngokuchanekileyo, nangendlela ehlelekileyo. Akunakwenzeka ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kunzima kakhulu, kwaye rhoqo umsebenzi uyaphazamiseka.

I-Apraxia ikwaneendidi ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-Childhood Apraxia of Speech, echaphazela ukuthetha, i-Limb-kinetic Apraxia, echaphazela ukukwazi ukwenza iintshukumo ezincinci zengalo, umnwe, okanye umlenze, kunye ne-Constructional Apraxia, echaphazela ukukwazi ukuzoba okanye ukukopa imizobo elula.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yi-dyspraxia? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-dyspraxia, okanye i-developmental coordination disorder (DCD) , ziqala ebuntwaneni, ngexesha lokukhula. Ekubeni yimeko engapheliyo, ezi ngxaki zinokuqhubeka naxa umntu emdala.

Ngokwezibalo, le meko ixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabafana kunamantombazana .

Umntwana wakho unokuba sengozini ye-dyspraxia ukuba unenye yezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukuba umntwana wazalwa ngaphambi kwexesha , oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-37, lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kweeveki ezingama-32.
• Ukuba umntwana wazalwa enobunzima obuphantsi kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-1.8 kg, okanye iikhilogram ezi-4).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onale ngxaki yokudibanisa uphuhliso (i-DCD).

Ngokwesiqhelo, kuthiwa malunga nabantwana aba-6 kwabayi-100 abakwiminyaka yokufunda esikolweni banokuba nale meko, ngoko ke ayinqabile kangako.

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-dyspraxia? Uyibona njani loo nto?

I-Dyspraxia inokubangela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo malunga nokulungelelaniswa kwemisipha kunye nezakhono zokunyakaza. Nangona abantwana abaninzi bebonisa ezi mpawu xa beqala isikolo, abanye abantwana basenokungabi naso esi sifo sinzima njengabanye, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuyiqonda.

Iimpawu zeentsana ezincinci kunye nabantwana abancinci (ubutsha kunye neminyaka yokuqala esikolweni)

Ukulibaziseka kokukhula komntwana ekwenzeni izinto ezithile emva kwexesha elilindelweyo kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwe-dyspraxia kwiintsana nakubantwana abancinci. Umzekelo:

• Kuthatha ixesha elide kunabanye abantwana ukufunda izinto ezifana nokukhasa, ukuqengqeleka, ukuhlala, ukuma, nokuhamba.

Kwakhona, ungabona izinto ezinje:

• Kuba nzima ukudlala ngezinto zokudlala ezifuna ukulungelelaniswa okuhle, ezifana nokuthatha iikomityi okanye ukuqokelela iibhloko.
• Kunzima kancinci ukufunda ukutya ngeembiza, nokutya kuchitheke.

Iimpawu zabantwana abadala kancinci (kwiminyaka yokufunda isikolo)

Iimpawu ze-dyspraxia kubantwana abadala zingabandakanya:

• Kunzima ukunyuka nokuhla izitebhisi.
• Kunzima ukugcina ibhalansi.- Ihlala ingqubana nezinto, iwe phantsi, ize ibonakale "ingakhathali" kancinci.
• Ubunzima ngemidlalo nemisebenzi yangaphandle: Abantwana babuthathaka kunabanye abantwana kwizinto ezifana nokukhwela ibhayisekile, ukutsiba, ukubamba ibhola, ukuyiphosa, nokuyikhaba. Olu bunzima lunokubangela ukuba bangafuni ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi enjalo. Umzekelo, ngaba umntwana wakho uma kancinci ecaleni ngelixa abanye abantwana bebaleka kwaye bedlala kwindawo yokudlala esikolweni? Ngaba uyawa ngokukhawuleza xa ebaleka, okanye ngaba unengxaki yokubamba ibhola?
• Babonisa ubuthathaka xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana abaneminyaka yabo kwimisebenzi efana nokubhala, ukuzoba, ukufaka imibala, kunye nokusika ngesikere . Banobunzima bokubhala oonobumba kakuhle kwaye babhala kancinci.
• Imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokunxiba, ukuqhobosha amaqhosha, ukuxukuxa amazinyo, kunye nokubopha imitya yezihlangu wedwa inzima kwaye ithatha ixesha elide.
• Ubunzima bokuhlala kwindawo enye, ukungcangcazela rhoqo kwamalungu (ukungaphumli).

Ukuzama ukwenza oku kunokuba yinto ecaphukisayo kakhulu kumntwana. Basenokucinga, "Kutheni ndingenakukwenza oku nje?"

Kubalulekile: Ngenxa yokungonwabi nokudinwa kokwenza olu hlobo lomsebenzi, basenokuba mathidala ukuzilolonga nokudlala. Ke ngoko, ngamanye amaxesha kukho umngcipheko wokwanda kwesisindo okanye ukutyeba kakhulu .

Yintoni ebangela i-dyspraxia?

Ukulungelelanisa iintshukumo zomzimba wethu ngokufanelekileyo nokwenza umsebenzi yinkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ibandakanya iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho bethu kunye nemithambo-luvo. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ndaweni ithile kule nkqubo, ubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokulungelelanisa, okanye i-dyspraxia, bunokwenzeka.

Abaphandi abakakwazi ukubona unobangela ochanekileyo we-dyspraxia. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha kunye nobunzima obuphantsi kokuzalwa kuye kwachongwa njengezinto ezimbini eziphambili ezonyusa umngcipheko womntwana wokufumana i-dyspraxia.

Ifunyaniswa njani le meko ye-dyspraxia? (Ukuxilongwa)

Nangona iimpawu ze-dyspraxia, okanye i-developmental coordination disorder (DCD), zibonakala kwasebuntwaneni, zisenokungabonwa lula. Ngenxa yokuba abantwana bakhula ngamanqanaba ahlukeneyo, i-DCD ayisoloko ifunyaniswa de kube malunga neminyaka emi-5 ubudala.

Ukuchonga i-dyspraxia kufuna iqela leengcali . Eli qela lingabandakanya:

• Ugqirha wabantwana
• Ingcali yoNyango loMsebenzi okanye iNgcali yoNyango loMzimba
• Ingcali yezengqondo yabantwana
• Ingcali yezifo zengqondo yabantwana

Okwangoku akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni ethile ukuqinisekisa ukuba le yi-dyspraxia. Endaweni yoko, iqela lezonyango liza kukubuza imibuzo eneenkcukacha malunga nembali yezonyango zomntwana wakho, uphuhliso lwakhe, kunye neempawu zakhe. Baza kuvavanya izakhono zakhe zomzimba ezipheleleyo nezicokisekileyo, ulungelelwaniso lwakhe, kunye nokulinganisela kwakhe. Baza kujonga nokuba amandla engqondo omntwana wakho akwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe.

Oogqirha bakhangela nezinye izizathu zokuba umntwana abe nobunzima bokuhambahamba. Umzekelo, kufuneka bafumanise ukuba ubunzima bubangelwa zezinye iimeko zemithambo-luvo okanye ezinxulumene nemisipha, ezifana ne-cerebral palsy okanye i-muscular dystrophy.

Ukuze kufunyaniswe umntwana one-dyspraxia, okanye i-developmental coordination disorder (DCD), zonke ezi mpawu zine kufuneka zibe khona:

1. Izakhono zomntwana zokunyakaza komzimba mazibe ngaphantsi kakhulu kwinqanaba elilindelekileyo kwiminyaka yakhe .

2. Oku kunqongophala kwezakhono zokusebenzisa amalungu omzimba kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwawo kufanele kuchaphazele imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla yomntwana kunye nomsebenzi wesikolo .

3. Iimpawu ze-dyspraxia kufuneka ukuba ziqale kwangethuba ekukhuleni komntwana .

4. Ezi ngxaki zokushukuma akufuneki zichazwe yenye imeko yezonyango .

Iphathwa njani i-dyspraxia? Ungayisingatha njani le meko?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-dyspraxia, ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-developmental coordination disorder (DCD). Nangona kunjalo, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezinokunceda abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ukuphucula izakhono zabo zokunyakaza kunye nokulungelelanisa. Unyango lomsebenzi kunye nonyango lomzimba zezona ziphambili.

Ngenxa yokuba i-dyspraxia ichaphazela umntwana ngamnye ngendlela eyahlukileyo, kungcono ukuba isicwangciso sonyango silungiselelwe umntwana ngamnye. Oku kuya kunceda ekulawuleni ubunzima bomntwana ngelixa kwakha nokuzithemba kwakhe.

Enye yeendlela eziphambili zonyango ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukunceda abantwana abane-dyspraxia kukungenelela okujolise kwimisebenzi . Kule nto, ingcali yezonyango zomsebenzi isebenza nomntwana ukuchonga imisebenzi ethile enzima kumntwana kwaye imncede afumane iindlela zokwenza loo misebenzi ngokulula.

Umzekelo, ingcali yezonyango zomsebenzi ingawuhlulahlula umsebenzi onzima ube ngamanyathelo amancinci. Emva koko, baqhelisela ngalinye lala manyathelo ngokwahlukeneyo, baze bawahlanganise ukuze bagqibezele umsebenzi. Oku kufana nokuqhekeza iphazili enkulu ibe ziingceba ezincinci, basebenzele isiqwenga ngasinye ngokwahlukeneyo, baze baphinde bahlanganise yonke into.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukulungisa imisebenzi kancinci, zingenziwa lula ukuzenza. Umzekelo, ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo zokwenza iipeni neepensile kube lula ukuzibamba, ukukhetha impahla enamaqhosha amakhulu, njl.

Ukuba umntwana wam une-dyspraxia, ndimele ndilindele ntoni?

Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ayinguye wonke umntwana one-dyspraxia ofanayo. Oko kuthetha ukuba ichaphazela wonke umntu ngokwahlukileyo. Ke ngoko, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwazi ukuba umntwana wakho uza kuchaphazeleka njani yile meko kukuthetha noogqirha kunye neengcali zonyango ezigxile ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni i-dyspraxia.

Kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ezinokubakho kunye okanye zibe neempawu ezifanayo neze-dyspraxia. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Ingxaki Yokungakwazi Ukuqwalasela Izinto Ngokupheleleyo (ADHD): Malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana abane-dyspraxia nabo banokuba ne-ADHD .
• Ubunzima bolwimi: Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuveza izimvo, nokuqonda ulwimi.
• I-Dysgraphia: Ubunzima obuthile ekubhaleni.
• Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Umzekelo, ixhala kunye nokudakumba.
• Ingxaki ye-Autism Spectrum.

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonisa iimpawu zezinye iimeko ezifana nezi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uxilongo oluchanekileyo aze afumane unyango olufunekayo.

Ndingamnyamekela njani umntwana wam one-dyspraxia? Ndingenza ntoni?

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzenza njengomzali kukuba ngummeli womntwana wakho. Oko kuthetha ukuqonda imingeni umntwana wakho ajongene nayo kwaye umazise ukuba uyamxhasa ekhaya, esikolweni, nanjengoko ekhula.

Ukuba umntwana wakho udinga inkxaso ekhethekileyo yemfundo esikolweni, ungasebenzisana neengcali ezifanelekileyo ukuphuhlisa iNkqubo yeMfundo yoMntu ngamnye (i-IEP) eyenzelwe umntwana wakho . Oku kuya kunceda umntwana wakho ngomsebenzi wesikolo.

Umntwana wam ufanele aye nini kugqirha malunga ne-dyspraxia?

Umntwana one-dyspraxia unokufuna inkxaso ebomini bakhe bonke ukuze oyise ubunzima kwizakhono zokunyakaza komzimba kunye nokulungelelanisa umzimba. Ukuba uqaphela ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki ngomsebenzi omtsha wokunyakaza komzimba, umzekelo, xa eqala ukubhala okanye efunda ukuqhuba imoto, thetha nogqirha wakhe kunye/okanye nogqirha wezonyango.

Aba bantwana banokucaphuka kakhulu xa beyiqonda into ethile, njengokuba iphoswa njani ibhola, kodwa bengakwazi ukuyenza ngokuchanekileyo.Ngoko ke, ukulawula imeko yomntwana wakho kunokuba yinkqubo yexesha elide . Inkxaso yakho kunye nenkuthazo yakho zibaluleke kakhulu kwimizamo yakhe yemihla ngemihla yokuphucula izakhono zakhe zomzimba. Mncome xa ebonisa inkqubela nokuba incinci kangakanani na.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-Dyspraxia ayikokuba nje umntwana uvilapha okanye ukuba buthathaka, kodwa yimeko yokwenyani yempilo.
• Ukuchongwa kwangethuba kunye nokubonelela ngenkxaso efunekayo kunye nonyango kunceda kakhulu ekuncedeni umntwana ukuba ajongane ngempumelelo nale mingeni.
• Ngoncedo olufanelekileyo kunye nenkuthazo, abantwana abane-dyspraxia banokulawula ubunzima babo baze baphile ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempumelelo.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba nomonde nokuqonda umntwana wakho. Wonke umntwana wahlukile, kwaye uhambo lomntu wonke lwahlukile. Uthando lwakho kunye nenkxaso yakho ziya kuba namandla amakhulu kuye.

Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga noku, ungabi nantloni uze ubuze ugqirha okanye ingcali yezonyango efanelekileyo.

I- Dyspraxia, Ingxaki yoLungelelaniso loPhuhliso, Izakhono zokuHamba, Uphuhliso loMntwana, Unyango lomsebenzi, Unyango lomzimba, Ubunzima bokufunda