Masifunde ngakumbi ngokosuleleka yi-E. coli. Musa ukoyika ukuyifunda le nto!

Ngaba wakha waba nesisu esibuhlungu, urhudo kangangeentsuku, waze waziva ngathi uyaphambana? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba into esiyityileyo evenkileni ayilunganga. Nangona kunjalo, unobangela wezifo ezinjalo ngamanye amaxesha unokuba luhlobo oluncinci lwebhaktheriya esingenakuyibona ngamehlo ethu. Enye yezo bhaktheriya yi -E. coli . Eli gama livakala liyoyikisa kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba yintoni i-'E. coli', kutheni ngamanye amaxesha inokuba yingozi, kunye nendlela esinokuzikhusela ngayo kuyo.

Yintoni le E. coli?

Ngamafutshane, i-E. coli (i-Escherichia coli) luhlobo lwebhaktheriya. Ihlala emathunjini, okanye kwindlela yokugaya ukutya (GI), yabantu abasempilweni kunye nezilwanyana. Ungamangaliswa kukuba i-E. coli emathunjini akho ayikukhathazi. Enyanisweni, ikunceda ekugayeni ukutya okutyayo.

Kodwa, kwezinye iimeko, ziintlobo ezithile kuphela zebhaktheriya ye-E. coli (masiyibize ngokuba ziintlobo ezimbi) ezinokubangela ukugula ukuba zingena emizimbeni yethu. Ezi ntlobo zimbi zinokunamathela kwiiseli zethu zize zivelise ityhefu . Kulapho ke iingxaki ziqala khona.

Ngoko ke yintoni usulelo lwe-E. coli?

Usulelo lwe-E. coli sisifo osifumana kwi-bacteria ye-E. coli embi ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Umzekelo, ukuba ungazitya ezi bacteria zimbi, unokuba norhudo olumanzi, iintlungu zesisu, kunye nezinye iimpawu zokugaya ukutya (i-gastroenteritis). Yiyo loo nto ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-diarrheagenic E. coli. Yile nto abantu abaninzi bethetha ngayo xa bethetha ngosulelo lwe-E. coli.

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa neebhaktheriya ze-E. coli, ezihlala zifumaneka emathunjini akho, zinokubangela usulelo ukuba ziya kwiindawo ezingafanele ziye kuzo, njengakwindlela yakho yokuchama .

Uninzi lweebhaktheriya ze-E. coli zibangela usulelo oluncinci. Kodwa ezinye iibhaktheriya, ingakumbi ezo zivelisa ityhefu ebizwa ngokuba yiShiga toxin , zinokubangela ukugula okunzulu okunokonakalisa izintso.

Ziziphi iintlobo zosulelo lwe-E. coli?

Ezona zifo zixhaphakileyo ze-E. coli zizifo zendlela yokugaya ukutya kunye nezo zendlela yomchamo (UTIs). Ukongeza, ezi zifo zinokwenzeka:

• Usulelo lwegazi
• Usulelo lweprostate (iProstatitis)
• Isifo sokudumba kwepelvic (PID)
• Usulelo lwenyongo (`Cholecystitis`)
• Usulelo lwenxeba
• I-Pneumonia (oku akuxhaphakanga kangako)
• I-Meningitis (nale inqabile kakhulu)

Zixhaphake kangakanani izifo ze-E. coli?

Kwilizwe elifana ne-United States, kuxelwa ukuba kukho izifo ezingaphezu kwama-250,000 ze-E. coli (STEC) ezivelisa ityhefu yeShiga minyaka le. Olu hlobo lwe-STEC luyimbangela ephambili yezifo ezixhaphakileyo nezinzima ezibangelwa yi-E. coli.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-E. coli?

Usulelo lwe-E. coli kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya (i-gastroenteritis) lunokubangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Urhudo: Ixesha elininzi luba namanzi, ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba negazi.
• Intlungu yesisu kunye nokudumba: Kusenokuvakala ngathi isisu sakho siyajika.
• I-Anorexia: Ukuphelelwa ngumnqweno wokutya.
• Umkhuhlane: Ukuziva ushushu.

Idla ngokuqala ngorhudo olumanzi. Kwakhona, iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni wakho intsholongwane.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwe-E. coli kwindlela yomchamo?

Ukuba intsholongwane ye-E. coli ihlasela iindawo ezithile kwindlela yakho yomchamo, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu kwisisu esisezantsi okanye kwindawo ye-pelvic.
• Ukutsha okanye intlungu xa uchama.
• Ukuziva ufuna ukuchama rhoqo ngokukhawuleza.
• Ukuphuma komchamo onevumba elibi.

Ziqala ngokukhawuleza kangakanani iimpawu zosulelo lwe-E. coli?

Iimpawu zihlala ziqala kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezintlanu emva kokutya ukutya okanye ukusela amanzi angcoliswe yi-bacteria ``STEC``. Ezinye iintlobo zinokubangela ukugula kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, iimpawu zisenokungabonakali ukuya kuthi ga kwiintsuku ezilishumi emva kokuba i-bacteria ingene emzimbeni.

Yintoni ebangela usulelo lwe-E. coli?

Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zebhaktheriya ye-E. coli zinokubangela usulelo olubangelwa kurhudo emathunjini. Uninzi lwexesha, iimpawu ziyafana, njengorhudo olumanzi. Kodwa ezinye iintlobo zinzima kakhulu kunezinye. Izazinzulu ziyazihlela ngokwendlela ezinamathela ngayo kwiiseli kunye neetyhefu ezizikhuphayo.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-E. coli ezibangela urhudo:

• I-E. coli (STEC) evelisa ityhefu yeShiga
• I-E. coli enokutsha okanye enokungcolisa i-Eterotoxigenic (`I-E. coli enokutsha/ETEC`)
• I-E. coli ebangela izifo (`I-E. coli ebangela izifo/EPEC`)
• I-Enteroaggregative E. coli (`Enteroaggregative E. coli/EAEC`)
• I-E. coli ehlaselayo (`I-E. coli ehlaselayo/EIEC`)
• I-E. coli enamathelayo kakhulu (DAEC)

Ezinye iintlobo ezibalulekileyo ze-E. coli yi-Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), ebangela usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs), kunye ne-E. coli K1, enokubangela i-meningitis kwiintsana ezisandula ukuzalwa.

Yintoni i-E. coli (STEC) evelisa ityhefu yeShiga?

I-'STEC' luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwebhaktiriya ye-'E. coli'. Ikhupha ityhefu ebizwa ngokuba yi -'Shiga toxin' , eyonakalisa iiseli zethu. Ifana netyhefu ekhutshwa yibhaktiriya ethi 'Shigella'. I-'STEC' yaziwa ngokubangela izifo ezinzulu ze-'E. coli'. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa kukutya okungcolisiweyo.

I-STEC ikwabizwa ngokuba yi -enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) , kuba inokubangela ukopha emathunjini kunye norhudo olunegazi (i-hemorrhagic colitis). Malunga ne-5% ukuya kwi-10% yabantu abane-STEC bakhula nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) , ebangela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kunye nomonakalo wezintso. Uhlobo lwe-E. coli O157:H7 lolona lunokubangela ukugula okunzima kakhulu.

Loluphi uhlobo lwe-E. coli olubangela i-Traveler's Diarrhea?

I-Enterotoxigenic E. coli (`Enterotoxigenic E. coli/ETEC`) luhlobo olubangela usulelo ``Traveler's diarrhea`` . Iimpawu zoku ziqala ngokukhawuleza kakhulu – ngamanye amaxesha kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Uhlobo lwe-``ETEC`` luqheleke kakhulu kumazwe anemozulu efudumeleyo. NaseSri Lanka, ukuba asilumkanga xa sihamba, oku kunokwenzeka.

Siyifumana njani i-E. coli?

Iintlobo ezininzi ze-E. coli ezibangela urhudo zisasazeka ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi -fecal-oral transmission . Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzeka xa iziqwenga ezincinci zendle, ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa, zingena kwindlela yethu yokugaya ukutya ngemilomo yethu. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana ne-STEC, zinokusasazeka ngenyama engaphekwanga kakuhle kunye neziselo ezingafakwanga iintsholongwane.

Ngokukodwa, i-E. coli inokudluliselwa ngeendlela ezilandelayo:

• Ngokutya ukutya okungcolileyo: izinto ezifana nenyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo ezingahlanjwanga kakuhle. Kufuneka silumke nezinto ezifana neesaladi kunye neesambol esizithengayo ezivenkileni.
• Ngokusela iziselo ezingagayiwanga: ubisi, ijusi yeziqhamo (nezinto ezenziwe ngazo, njengetshizi kunye ne-ayisikhrim).
• Ukusela (okanye ukuginya) amanzi angcolileyo: Indle yezilwanyana neyabantu ingangcolisa imithombo yamanzi yendalo (amachibi, imilambo, imilambo), amachibi okudada, kunye namanzi okusela anganyangwanga.
• Ngokuchukumisa ilindle okanye iindawo ezingcolisiweyo: Xa utshintsha iinapile, usula emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, uchukumisa izilwanyana zasefama, okanye uchukumisa izinto okanye iindawo ezichukunyiswe ngumntu onesifo se-E. coli, izandla zakho zinokuba nelindle kuzo. Ukuba ubeka ezo zandla emlonyeni wakho, ungafumana i-E. coli.
• Ukungazisuli kakuhle emva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese: Oku kungenza i-E. coli esesitulweni sakho ingene kwindlela yakho yomchamo kwaye ibangele usulelo lwendlela yomchamo (UTI).

Iintsana ezincinci ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba nosulelo lwe-E. coli xa zizalwa.

Ingaba i-E. coli sisifo esosulelayo?

Ewe, i-E. coli ingasasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona ingasasazeka ngokudibana ngqo, ingasasazeka ngokunyamekela umntu onesifo se-E. coli, ingakumbi ukuba udibana nelindle lakhe. Ingasasazeka nangokuchukumisa izinto, umphezulu, okanye ukutya okuchukunyiswe ngumntu onesifo se-E. coli ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakhe ngokufanelekileyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-E. coli?

Nabani na odibana nentsholongwane ye-E. coli ebangela esi sifo unokosulelwa. Nangona kunjalo, aba bantu balandelayo basengozini enkulu:

• Iintsana ezisandul' ukuzalwa kunye nabantwana abancinci
• Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala
• Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umzekelo, abo bane-HIV okanye umhlaza, okanye abo bathatha amayeza okunciphisa umzimba)
• Abantu abanesifo seswekile (`iDiabetes Mellitus`)
• Abantu abanezifo zamathumbu ezifana ne-ulcerative colitis

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yosulelo lwe-E. coli?

I-E. coli ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi, kuquka:

• I-Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) : Oku kunokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwizintso.
• I-Sepsis : Ukusabela okuqatha komzimba kwisifo esisegazini.
• Ukungondleki kakuhle okanye ukukhula okukhawulezileyo : Abantwana abancinci abanesifo sorhudo esingapheliyo basenokungakwazi ukufunxa izondlo ezifunwa yimizimba yabo kwaye basenokukhula okukhawulezileyo.

Uyifumanisa njani intsholongwane ye-E. coli?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuxilonga usulelo lwe-E. coli ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho. Ukuba unesifo sorhudo okanye ezinye iimpawu zokugaya ukutya, ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya isampuli yendle ukuze abone ukuba ikhona na i-E. coli. Ukuba unezinye iimpawu, angavavanya umchamo wakho, igazi, okanye ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) .

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa i-E. coli?

Uvavanyo oluthile lwe-E. coli zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwesitulo
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo okanye inkcubeko yomchamo
• Inkcubeko yegazi
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/ukubhoboza i-lumbar

Zinyangwa njani izifo ze-E. coli?

Usulelo lwe-E. coli olubangela iimpawu zokugaya ukutya alusoloko lufuna unyango. Oogqirha abadli ngokunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye amayeza okuthintela urhudo kubantu abane-STEC, kuba loo mayeza anokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umntu one-STEC abe ne-HUS. Endaweni yoko, oogqirha baya kujonga imeko yakho baze bakunike ulwelo, olufana ne-saline, ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.

Kubalulekile:Ukuba une-STEC virus, musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo (umz., iLoperamide) ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenye uhlobo losulelo lwe-E. coli - njengosulelo lwendlela yomchamo, i-meningitis okanye i-sepsis - okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho zinzima, ugqirha wakho uza kukunika unyango ngamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Zeziphi ii-antibiotics ezinikwayo kwizifo ze-E. coli?

Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa ngoogqirha kusulelo lwe-E. coli zezi:

• `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole/TMP/SMX`
• `I-Ciprofloxacin`
• `Rifaximin`
• I-Nitrofurantoin (edla ngokubangelwa zizifo zomchamo)

Ngaba usulelo lwe-E. coli lunokuthintelwa?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo onokuyenza ukuze uzikhusele kwizifo ze-E. coli kukuhlamba izandla zakho . Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ashushu ngala maxesha:

• Ngaphambi nasemva kokupheka ukutya, nasemva kokuphatha inyama nentlanzi eluhlaza.
• Emva kokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela, emva kokutshintsha amanabukeni, emva kokuchukumisa izilwanyana.

Ukongeza, unganciphisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka yi-E. coli ngokulandela iindlela zokulungiselela ukutya ezikhuselekileyo:

• Musa ukusela ubisi olungagayiwanga okanye ijusi yeziqhamo.
• Hlamba yonke imifuno eluhlaza kunye neziqhamo kakuhle phantsi kwamanzi abalekayo ngaphambi kokuba utye.
• Musa ukushiya inyama ngaphandle kwefriji kwikhawuntara uze uyinyibilikise. Yinyibilikise kwingxowa yeplastiki.
• Musa ukuhlamba inyama ngaphambi kokuba uyipheke. Ukuhlamba inyama kunokusasaza iintsholongwane kwiindawo ezingqongileyo, ezityeni, nakwezinye izinto zokutya.
• Sebenzisa ibhodi yokusika yeplastiki, yesilicone, okanye yeseramikhi kwinyama eluhlaza. Iibhodi zokusika ezenziwe ngomthi kunzima ukuzicoca ngokupheleleyo kwaye zinokuba neentsholongwane.
• Sebenzisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo xa ulungiselela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutya. Iindawo ezifana neebhodi zokusika zinokusasaza iintsholongwane. Ukuba awunazo iibhodi zokusika ezahlukeneyo, emva kokusebenza ngenyama eluhlaza, hlamba indawo kakuhle ngesepha namanzi ashushu ngaphambi kokuba ubeke olunye uhlobo lokutya (njengemifuno eluhlaza) kuyo.
• Pheka zonke iinyama kubushushu obufanelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uzitye.
• Musa ukubeka inyama ephekiweyo epleyitini enenyama eluhlaza.
• Faka ukutya okuseleyo efrijini ngoko nangoko.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa kuvela i-E. coli?

Usulelo lwe-E. coli lunokubangela nantoni na ukusuka kwisifo sorhudo esincinci ukuya kwizifo ezisongela ubomi. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola ngokwabo okanye ngee-antibiotics. Usulelo lwe-STEC alunyangwa rhoqo, kodwa unokufuna uncedo oluxhasayo, olufana ne-saline. Ungalaliswa esibhedlele kwaye wedwa ukuze uthintele ukusasazeka kwe-STEC.

I-E. coli ineminyaka emingaphi ikhona?

Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo losulelo lwe-E. coli onalo, iimpawu zakho zinokuhlala ukusuka kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini. Usulelo lwe-STEC luhlala malunga neentsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwezisixhenxe.

Ngaba usulelo lwe-E. coli luya kuphola ngokwalo?

I-Minor E. coli gastroenteritis kunye nezinye izifo zomchamo zinokuphola ngokwazo. Usenokuphola emva kweveki ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unesifo sorhudo esinzima esihlala iintsuku ezininzi, unentlungu esiswini, unentlungu xa uchama, okanye uchama kancinci, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ngaba ungafa ngenxa ye-E. coli?

Ewe, usulelo lwe-E. coli lunokubulala. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba izinga lokufa ngenxa yosulelo lwe-E. coli limalunga ne-17%. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zezi zifundo zahlukile kakhulu (ukusuka kwi-8% ukuya kwi-35%). Ngokubanzi, usulelo lomchamo olubangelwa yi-E. coli alunakufa kangako kunezinye izifo ze-E. coli.

I-Sepsis yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukufa kubantu abane-E. coli sulelo. Izinga lokufa liphezulu kubantu abangaphantsi konyaka omnye, abangaphezulu kweminyaka engama-44 ubudala, abo bane-respiration sulelo, okanye abo bane-sulelo olungaphenduliyo kwii-antibiotics.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

• Musa ukutya okanye ukusela nantoni na eyonyusa urhudo (njenge-caffeine, utywala).
• Sela amanzi amaninzi ukuze ungaphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukuba ugqirha ukufumanise ukuba une-STEC (ingakumbi i-E. coli O157:H7), musa ukuthatha amayeza okulwa norhudo (afana ne-bismuth subsalicylate - Pepto-Bismol®, Kaopectate®, okanye i-loperamide - Imodium®). La mayeza anokunyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-HUS.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba urhudo ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezintathu, uneempawu zosulelo lomchamo, okanye unezinye iingxaki zempilo, bona ugqirha.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane okanye ufumane ingcebiso yezonyango ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba awukwazi ukugcina naluphi na ulwelo luphantsi.
• Ukuba unesifo sohudo esinegazi.
• Ukuba uhlanza rhoqo.
• Ukuba umkhuhlane ungaphezulu kwe-103 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius).
• Ukuba uchama kancinci kakhulu.
• Ukuba udidekile okanye kukho olunye utshintsho engqondweni.
• Ukuba ubuthathaka kakhulu okanye ulele.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha imibuzo efana nale:

• Ngawaphi amayeza akhuselekileyo ukuba ndiwasebenzise?
• Luhlobo luni lwe-E. coli endinalo?
• Ungayithintela njani intsholongwane i-E. coli?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki kwixesha elizayo?

I-E. coli luhlobo lweebhaktheriya ezinokuphila emizimbeni yethu ngaphandle kokubangela naziphi na iingxaki. Kodwa ezinye iintlobo zinokusigulisa, ingakumbi ukuba zifika kwiindawo ezingafanele zifike kuzo. Uninzi lwezifo ze-E. coli ziya kuba ngcono ngokwazo. Kodwa ukuba iimpawu zakho zihlala iintsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbalwa okanye zinzima, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke ngokwezinto esizithethileyo, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ukuqonda okungcono nge-E. coli. Gcina ezi ngongoma engqondweni:

• I-E. coli ayisiyonto imbi kuye wonke umntu, kodwa ezinye iintlobo ziyingozi.
• Ukuhlamba izandla yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha oku. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho phambi kokulungisa ukutya nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Lumka xa ulungisa ukutya. Pheka inyama eluhlaza uze ulobe intlanzi kakuhle, uze uhlambe iziqhamo nemifuno kakuhle.
• Ukuba unesifo sorhudo okanye isisu esibuhlungu kangangeentsuku ezininzi, ukuba isifo sorhudo sihamba negazi, okanye ukuba unomkhuhlane , qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Musa ukuthatha amayeza orhudo ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha, ingakumbi ukuba lusulelo lwe-'STEC'.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

I- E. coli, i-E. coli, usulelo, urhudo, iintlungu zesisu, usulelo lomchamo, ukutyhefeka kokutya, iibhaktheriya