Masifunde ngakumbi ngeLymphatic Filariasis / Elephantiasis.

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-"elephant foot" okanye "barawa"? Umele ukuba ukhe wabona izandla neenyawo zabanye abantu zidumba ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ulusu luba lukhuni, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha lude lube nokukhubazeka, akunjalo? Esi sisifo esosulelayo esidluliselwa ziingcongconi ezichaphazela inkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic. Akukho nto yokoyika, masithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula.

Yintoni le ndlovu inyathelwa phantsi? Ngamafutshane...

I-Elephantiasis, okanye ngokwezonyango, i-Lymphatic Filariasis, ibangelwa ziintshulube ezincinci ezidla ngokutya (iintshulube ze-filarial) ezingena kwinkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic ziphazamise ukusebenza kwayo. Ezi ntshulube zincinci kakhulu, njengeenwele, kwaye zinokubonwa kuphela nge-microscope.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu unenkqubo ekhethekileyo esusa inkunkuma kwaye inceda ekukhuselekeni komzimba, eyinkqubo ye-lymphatic. Le nkqubo iqulethe ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-lymph oluhamba ngee-capillaries ze-lymphatic. Xa iimpethu endizikhankanyileyo zivala ezi capillaries ze-lymphatic, ulwelo aluhambi kakuhle kwaye lubambeke kwindawo enye. Kulapho kuvela khona iimpawu ezifana nokudumba kunye nokuqina kolusu . Ngamanye amaxesha xa le meko iba mandundu, idumba njengomlenze wendlovu, yiyo loo nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-"elephant's foot".

Sisasazeke kangakanani esi sifo kwihlabathi liphela?

Okwangoku, malunga ne-1.5% yabemi behlabathi, okanye abantu abamalunga ne-120 yezigidi, banesifo esi. Sixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe ashushu nashushu . Amazwe afana ne-Asia, i-Afrika, kunye neMzantsi Melika anezigulane ezininzi. Ekubeni iSri Lanka yethu ikwalilizwe elishushu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxhalaba ngale nto.

Kodwa khumbula into enye, amathuba okufumana esi sifo kuba nje ubukhe wahamba uhambo olufutshane oluya kwilizwe elinjalo aphantsi kakhulu. Ukuze ufumane esi sifo, kufuneka ube kwindawo apho esi sifo sixhaphake khona kangangeenyanga, mhlawumbi iminyaka, kwaye uhlale utyiwa ziingcongconi rhoqo.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo saseBarawa?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ayinguye wonke umntu osuleleke sisifo seBara oza kuba neempawu eziqatha. Malunga nesibini kwisithathu asinakufumana zimpawu zinkulu. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo sidla ngokwenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba.

Abanye abantu banokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukudumba: Le yimeko eyenzeka xa inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza kakhulu.
• I-Lymphedema: Ukudumba okubangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic.
• I-Hydrocele: Ukudumba kwamasende kumadoda.
• Ukudumba: Ukudumba okubangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba.

Ezi mpawu zifana nokudumba zinokuchaphazela ezi ndawo zilandelayo zomzimba:

• Izandla
• Imilenze
• Isifuba
• Amasende
• Isini sendoda
• Indawo ejikeleze i-vagina (i-vulva)
• Ubuso (ngokungafane kwenzeke)

Kutheni obu bunzima buqokelelana? Yintoni isizathu?

Ngamafutshane, i-filariasis ibangelwa lusulelo oluyi-parasitic olubizwa ngokuba yi-filariasis. Ibangelwa luhlobo lwe-roundworm. Iimpethu zincinci kangangokuba azibonakali emehlweni . Xa zijongwa nge-microscope, ezi mpethu zifana nemisonto.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-filarial worms:

• I-Wuchereria bancrofti: Olu hlobo lwempethu lubangela usulelo oluyi-9 kwi-10.
• Brugia malayi: Le yimbangela yosulelo oluninzi olusele.
• Brugia timori: Olu hlobo lunokubangela usulelo.

Sidluliselwa njani esi sifo?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-Malaria idluliselwa ziingcongconi. Khawucinge nje, ingcongconi iluma umntu one-Malaria. Emva koko, ii-filarial worms (microfilariae) egazini laloo mntu zingena emzimbeni wengcongconi. Emva koko, xa loo ngcongconi inentsholongwane iluma omnye umntu ophilileyo, ezo ngcongconi zingena egazini lomnye umntu.

Ngokwesiqhelo, ukulunywa yingcongconi kube kanye akusibangeli esi sifo. Ukuze ube nesi sifo, kufuneka uhlale ujongene nokulunywa yingcongconi ezinentsholongwane kangangeenyanga eziliqela, maxa wambi kwaneminyaka.

Xa ezi zinambuzane zingena egazini lakho, ziya ngqo kwinkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic. Kulapho zikhula khona zibe zii-pinworms. Ezi pinworms zingaphila emzimbeni wakho ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka esi-7. Emva koko ziyanda kwaye zikhuphe izigidi zee-pinworms (ii-microfilariae) ezingaphezulu egazini lakho.

Kubalulekile: Ezi microfilariae zihlala zijikeleza egazini ebusuku. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka kwenziwe uvavanyo lwegazi ebusuku.

Zithini iingxaki zesifo saseBarawa?

Xa inkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic yonakele ngokuhamba kwexesha, amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nosulelo ayancipha. Oku kuncipha kwamandla omzimba okulwa nosulelo kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana nezi:

• Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lweentsholongwane . Ngamanye amaxesha ulusu luyaqhekeka okanye lonzakale, nto leyo evumela ukuba usulelo lungene.
• Ukujiya kolusu kunye nokugcinwa kolwelo, okubangela ukudumba, iintlungu, kunye nokwanda kwamalungu omzimba .
• I-Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia syndrome: Le yimeko apho inani lee-eosinophils, uhlobo lweseli emhlophe yegazi, linyuka khona. Oku kunokubangela ukukhwehlela nobunzima bokuphefumla.

Yenziwa njani le nto yokuxilonga?

Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unesifo seBara, ugqirha kuya kufuneka avavanye isampuli yegazi lakho. Oku kungenziwa kusetyenziswa ezi ndlela zilandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi olusebenzisa iMicroskopu: Isampuli yakho yegazi ihlolwa phantsi kwemicroskopu. Oku kuya kukhangela iintshulube zefilari egazini. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ezi ntshulube zisebenza ebusuku egazini. Ke ngoko, unokufuna ukunikela ngegazi ebusuku.
• Uvavanyo lwe-antibody:Isampuli yegazi lakho iyavavanywa ukuze ifumane ii-antibodies. Ii-antibodies zizinto ezenziwa ngumzimba wakho ukuphendula usulelo. Olu vavanyo lungenziwa emini.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zesifo saseBarawa?

Isicwangciso sonyango osifumanayo siya kuxhomekeka kwiimpawu onazo kunye nokuba zinzima kangakanani. Isifo seBara sidla ngokuphathwa ngolu hlobo:

• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane: Unganikwa amayeza anjenge -ivermectin (Stromectol®), i-diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan®), okanye i-albendazole (Albenza®) . La mayeza abulala iintshulube egazini lakho okanye ayeke ukwanda. Ukusela la mayeza kunokukunceda ekudluliseleni isifo kwabanye. Nangona kunjalo, kuba iintshulube zisenokuba zisesemzimbeni wakho, kuya kufuneka uwathathe la mayeza kube kanye ngonyaka kangangeeveki ezimbalwa .
• Utyando: Kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe iintshulube ezifileyo egazini lakho. Ukuba i-filariasis ibangele i-hydrocele (ukudumba kwamasende), kunokufuneka utyando ukuze kususwe ulwelo oluqokelelweyo.
• Ulawulo lwe-Elephantiasis: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iindlela zokunceda ukulawula ukudumba, njengokuphakamisa ingalo okanye umlenze odumbileyo, okanye ukusebenzisa iimpahla zokucinezela.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ukuba usela amayeza emalariya, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha , njengoko la mayeza okulwa neentsholongwane anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinzulu. Umzekelo:

• Isiyezi
• Ifiva
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Intlungu yemisipha okanye yamalungu
• Isicaphucaphu

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela icebiso lezonyango ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngaba esi sifo sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Inyaniso kukuba okwangoku akukho ndlela ithile yonyango lwe-tapeworm. Amayeza anokubulala uninzi lweentshulube aze akuthintele ekudluliseleni esi sifo kwabanye. Unyango lunokunciphisa neempawu zakho.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ufumana esi sifo? Iyintoni impembelelo yoluntu?

Abantu abane-rheumatoid arthritis ngamanye amaxesha bajongana nemiphumo emibi kwezentlalo . Ingakumbi ukuba baneempawu ezibukhali nezibonakalayo, ezinje ngokudumba kakhulu kwamalungu omzimba, banokuziva bebodwa kwaye behlazekile. Ukongeza, ukudumba okungapheliyo okanye iintlungu zinokuchaphazela amandla omntu okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla kunye nokusebenza.

Kodwa khumbula, nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo lwesifo sikaBara, ungasilawula esi sifo, unciphise iimpawu, kwaye uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Konke okufuneka ukwenze kukulandela iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo kwaye unyamekele impilo yakho.

Singathintelwa njani esi sifo?

Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuthintela isifo saseBarawa?Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela ekulunyweni ziingcongconi kukuziphepha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiindawo ezishushu. Ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho usengozini yokufumana imalariya, okanye ukuba uya kwenye, landela la manyathelo ukuze uphephe ukulunywa ziingcongconi:

• Lala phantsi kwenethi yokuthintela iingcongconi.
• Faka isixovuli sezinambuzane eluswini oluvezwe elubala, ingakumbi ebusuku.
• Nxiba iibhulukhwe ezinde kunye neempahla ezinemikhono emide.
• Gcina igadi yakho kunye nendawo engqongileyo icocekile. Susa iindawo zokuzalela iingcongconi (amatayara, amaqokobhe ekhokhonathi, iitini, njl.njl.)

I-World Health Organization (WHO) icebisa ukuba kwiindawo apho i-malaria ixhaphake khona, lonke uluntu lunikwe i-chemotherapy yokuthintela . Ngale ndlela, abantu abasengozini yosulelo banikwa idosi emiselweyo yamayeza kanye ngonyaka. Nangona la mayeza engenampembelelo ingako kwiimpethu ezindala, ayawathintela ama-small wheat ukuba ande. Akwathintela ii-parasite ukuba zingadluliselwa kwiingcongconi.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ulusu lwakho ludumba okanye luqina ngendlela engachazekiyo – ingakumbi ezingalweni zakho, emilenzeni, emabeleni, emathunjini, okanye kwindawo yangaphantsi – qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha. Ugqirha unokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho isifo okanye angasifumani.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa usiya kugqirha, ungabuza nemibuzo efana nale:

• Ngaba le meko ndikuyo ibangelwa kukutyeba kwam?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu ezinxulumene nokutyeba?
• Loluphi unyango olundicebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Zithini amathuba okuba usulelo luphinde lubuyele emva konyango?
• Ndingazikhusela njani kwisifo saseBarawa?

Indlela yokuphatha iimpawu ze-lymphedema?

Nokuba iyeza liyazibulala iintshulube zefilarial, usenokufumana imeko yokudumba ebizwa ngokuba yi-lymphedema. Ungenza ezi zinto ukulawula ezi mpawu zokudumba:

• Hlambulula iintsholongwane uze ugqume amanxeba kakuhle.
• Phakamisa iingalo okanye imilenze evuvukileyo.
• Yandisa umgangatho womsebenzi wakho (oku kukhuthaza ukuhamba kwegazi kwi-lymph).
• Hlamba uze womise iindawo ezidumbileyo zomzimba wakho yonke imihla.
• Nciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa nokwenzakala ngokunxiba izihlangu ezilingana kakuhle.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

I-Malaria sisifo esixhaphakileyo kwiindawo ezishushu nezishushu apho iintshulube ze-filarial zixhaphakileyo khona. Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu kufuneka alunywe rhoqo ziingcongconi ezineentsholongwane ukuze afumane esi sifo. Ke ngoko, esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu ngabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinobungozi.Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abahambi bexesha elifutshane bangabi nandawo yokuhlala.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha. Uvavanyo olulula lwegazi lunokuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo esibangelwa zizinambuzane na. Musa ukoyika, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwaziswa uze uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo.

I- Barawa, i-Elephantiasis, i-Lymphatic Filariasis, i-Elephantiasis, isifo seengcongconi, inkqubo ye-lymphatic, i-Filariasis