Ngaba wakha waziva ngequbuliso intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni wakho eyenza kube nzima ukuginya nokuba lithe elincinci? Kwangaxeshanye, ngaba uziva kunzima ukuphefumla? Le meko, ingakumbi ukuba yenzeka kumntwana omncinci, isenza soyike kakhulu njengabazali. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Epiglottitis, ebangela ezi mpawu kwaye ithathwa njengengxamiseko yezonyango.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-epiglottitis?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. Emazantsi olwimi lwethu, ngaphakathi emqaleni wethu, kukho iqhekeza elincinci le-cartilage elibizwa ngokuba yi-epiglottis. Umsebenzi walo ophambili kukuthintela izinto ukuba zingangeni kumbhobho wethu womoya xa sisitya okanye sisela. Kufana nocango, oluvala umbhobho womoya xa siginya.
I-Epiglottitis iyenzeka xa, ngesizathu esithile, idla ngokuba lusulelo lweebhaktheriya, i-epiglottis idumba, ibomvu, ize yosulelwe.
Khawucinge nje, kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba olu cango luncinci oluvala indlela yethu yokungena umoya luyavuvukala? Indlela yokungena umoya iqala ukuvaleka. Le yeyona nto iyingozi kakhulu ngesi sifo. Ukuba indlela yokungena umoya ivalekile ngokupheleleyo, inokuba yingozi nakubomi.
Ngaphambili, esi sifo sasixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. Isizathu yayiyibhaktheriya iHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Nangona kunjalo, ngoku ekubeni isitofu seHib sifakiwe kuthotho lwezitofu ezinikwa abantwana kwilizwe lethu, esi sifo sinqabile kakhulu ebantwaneni. Ke ngoko, ngoku esi sifo sibonakala kancinci kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni iindlela zokuphefumla zabantwana zincinci kakhulu, kuyingozi ngakumbi ukuba bazifumana.
Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili ze-Epiglottitis?
Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, unobangela oyintloko woku kusulelwa yintsholongwane . Phakathi kwazo, ezi zilandelayo zezona zixhaphakileyo:
- Umkhuhlane weHaemophilus
- I-Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Amaqela eStreptococcus A, B, kunye no-C
- I-Staphylococcus aureus
Ukongeza kwezi ntsholongwane zebhaktiriya, le meko ngamanye amaxesha inokubangelwa zizifo zefungus. Kwakhona, emva kokuba umntu ene-virus (umz. i-chickenpox) enesifo somzimba esibuthathaka, i-bacterial virus inokukhula ize ibangele i-epiglottitis.
Ukongeza kwiintsholongwane, kukho nezinye izizathu. Ezi ziquka:
- Ukulimala komphimbo: Ukutshisa umqala ngenxa yokusela ukutya okushushu kakhulu okanye ulwelo, ukuphefumla okanye ukuginya ikhemikhali, ukutshaya (ingakumbi i-crack cocaine), okanye ukwenzakala kwangaphandle emqaleni.
- Ezinye izifo: Oku kungenzeka njengesiphumo esingesihle sezinye iindlela zonyango lomhlaza.
Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela?
Ewe. Ibhaktheriya okanye intsholongwane ebangela i-epiglottitis inokusasazeka emoyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iindlela ezilungileyo zempilo, ezinje ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kunye nokuhlala kude nabantu abagulayo.
Qaphela! Ezi ziimpawu ze-epiglottitis!
Eyona nto iyingozi ngesi sifo kukuba iimpawu zinokuba qatha ngokukhawuleza, kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Akuthathi xesha lide ukuba siqale njengomqala nje obuhlungu size sibe yingozi ebomini.
Oogqirha bachonga iimpawu ezine eziphambili zesi sifo. Ukuze kube lula ukukhumbula, babiza ezi "zii-4 D's." Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Unobumba "D" | Iimpawu kunye nentsingiselo yazo |
|---|---|
| I-Dysphagia | Ubunzima bokuginya: Ukungakwazi ukuginya nokuba lincinci isuntswana lamathe ngenxa yentlungu eqatha yomphimbo. |
| I-Dysphonia | Ukutshintsha kwelizwi: ukurhawuzelela, ukuthintitha, okanye isandi esingavakaliyo ngokungathi kukho into ebambeke emqaleni. |
| Ukuvuza amathe | Ukuvuza amathe: Ukuvuza kwamathe emlonyeni ngokungeyomfuneko ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuginya. Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci. |
| Ingxaki | Ubunzima bokuphefumla: isandi somlozi (stridor) xa uphefumla, ukuphefumla okunzima, ukungazinzi. |
Ukongeza kwezi mpawu zine ziphambili, kunokubakho nomkhuhlane ophezulu kunye nokungaphumli okukhulu okanye ixhala .
Isigulana, ingakumbi umntwana, siza kuzama ukugoba phambili size sijikelezise intamo yaso phezulu ukuze kube lula ukuphefumla. Oku sikubiza ngokuba "yi-tripod position." Ukulala phantsi kunokwenza ukuphefumla kube nzima nangakumbi.
Ufanele uye nini esibhedlele ngoko nangoko?
Le yinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unezinye ze "4 D's" ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, ayisosifo esinokugcinwa ekhaya. Le yingxamiseko yezonyango. Musa ukulibazisa umzuzwana, yiya kwangoko kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Ingakumbi ukuba ulusu lujika lube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis), oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Loo nto iluphawu oluyingozi kakhulu!
Kubalulekile: Musa ukuzama ukujonga umphimbo womntwana wakho okanye ukufaka nantoni na emlonyeni wakhe ekhaya. Ukwenza njalo kunokunyusa ukudumba kwaye kubangele ukuvaleka komoya ngequbuliso. Gcina umntwana wakho ezolile, ehleli kwindawo eyenza kube lula ukuphefumla, kwaye umse esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?
Ukufumanisa esi sifo kuyingozi kancinci. Kuba xa kuhlolwa i-epiglottis, indlela yomoya inokuvalwa ngequbuliso ngenxa yokudumba. Ke ngoko, oogqirha benza olu vavanyo ngononophelo olukhulu, begcina zonke izixhobo ezifunekayo (ezifana nombhobho wokuphefumla) kufutshane xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo.
- I-Laryngoscopy: Ityhubhu enekhamera encinci idluliselwa empumlweni ize yehle emqaleni ukuze kuhlolwe imeko ye-epiglottis.
- I-X-reyi: I-X-reyi yentamo inokuyibona i-epiglottis evuvukileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi lwenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela wosulelo.
Ngaba esi sifo sinokubhidaniswa nezinye izifo?
Ewe. Ngamanye amaxesha esi sifo sinokubhidaniswa neemeko ezibizwa ngokuba yi-strep throat okanye i-croup.
| I-Epiglottitis | I-Croup |
|---|---|
| Iba mandundu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (kwiiyure ezimbalwa). | Iimpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. |
| Intlungu ebuhlungu emqaleni, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nokuvuza amathe zezona mpawu ziphambili. | Kukho ukukhohlela okukhonkothayo okuphawulekayo, okufana nokukhonkotha kwenja. Akukho bunzima buncinci bokuginya. |
| Kudla ngokubakho umkhuhlane ophezulu. | Kudla ngokubakho umkhuhlane ophantsi. |
Iphathwa njani?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-epiglottitis, uza kulaliswa esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Injongo ephambili yonyango kukugcina umoya wakho uvulekile.
1. Ukubonelela ngeoksijini: Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini inikwa ngemaski.
2. Uncedo lokuphefumla: Ukuba ukudumba kubangela ukuvaleka kwendlela yomoya, oogqirha banokufaka ityhubhu kumbhobho womoya ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo (intubation) kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa de ukudumba kwehle. Amaxesha amaninzi, ukuba ukudumba emqaleni kukhulu, kungenziwa umngxuma omncinci ngaphandle kwentamo kwaye kufakwe ityhubhu yokuphefumla (cricothyroidotomy).
3. Ii-antibiotics: Ii-antibiotics ziqalwa ngokukhawuleza ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
4. Ulwelo lwe-IV: Ulwelo olufana ne-saline lunikwa ngomthambo ude ukwazi ukuginya ngendlela eqhelekileyo.
5. IiCorticosteroids: La mayeza asetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ukudumba.
Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?
Eyona ngxaki iphambili neyona iyingozi kukuvaleka komoya ngokupheleleyo kunye nokufa.
Ukongeza, iintsholongwane ezibangele usulelo zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba,
- Ukukrala kwemiphunga
- I-Meningitis (usulelo lwee-membrane ezigubungela ubuchopho)
- Usulelo lolusu
- I-Sepsis (ityhefu yegazi)
Iimeko ezinzima zinokwenzeka.
Ayinakuthintelwa na le nto? Ukubaluleka kogonyo lweHib
Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba kukho isitofu esisebenza kakuhle kakhulu sokukhusela iintsholongwane zeHib, esona sibangela sesi sifo. Oku kubandakanyiwe kwinkqubo yesizwe yokugonya abantwana kwilizwe lethu. Ke ngoko, ngokunika umntwana wakho zonke izitofu ngexesha, unokumkhusela kwesi sifo siyingozi.
Olu gonyo aluqhelekanga ukucetyiswa kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha unokucebisa olu gonyo kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abantu abane-HIV, izigulane ezinomhlaza).
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Epiglottitis sisifo sosulelo kunye nokudumba kwe-epiglottis, into ebangela ukurhawuzelela emqaleni. Oku kuthathwa njengengxaki yezonyango kuba kunokuvala indlela yomoya.
- Iimpawu eziphambili kukuqaqamba komphimbo, ubunzima bokuginya, ukurhawuzelela, ukuvuza amathe, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla (ii-4 D's) .
- Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) esibhedlele ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuzama ukuzinyanga ekhaya.
- Ukugonyelwa i-Hib kunokukhusela abantwana kakhulu kwesi sifo. Gcina ikhadi lokugonyelwa lomntwana wakho lichanekile.
- Ukuba ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwa ngokukhawuleza, uninzi lwabantu luyaphila ngokupheleleyo. Ukulibaziseka kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
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