Khawucinge ukuba unikwe isisombululo se-saline sonyango lomhlaza (iChemotherapy). Eli yeza lingena kancinci emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa ngequbuliso uziva intlungu encinci kunye nokungonwabi esandleni apho isisombululo se-saline sasifakwe khona, apho inaliti yayifakwe khona. Emva kwexesha elithile, loo ndawo iba bomvu kwaye iqala ukudumba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-extravasation kunyango. Ngamafutshane, iyeza elifanele ukungena emthanjeni livuza liphuma emthanjeni liye kwiithishu. Oku kunokuba ngamava othusayo kumntu ofumana unyango lomhlaza. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Yintoni i-Extravasation? Masiqonde kakuhle.
Xa unyangwa umhlaza, okanye i-chemotherapy, iyeza linikwa ngqo emthanjeni wakho. Sisebenzisa umgca we-IV, okanye ityhubhu encinci yeplastiki (i-cannula) efakwa emthanjeni osengalweni yakho. La mayeza anamandla kakhulu kuba asebenza ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza.
Khawucinge nje ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa umbhobho wamanzi ugqobhoza kwindawo encinci? Amanzi ayavuza, akunjalo? Yiloo nto eyenzekayo nalapha. Ngesizathu esithile, iyeza elinikwa ngemithambo yegazi, endaweni yokuhamba ngaphakathi emthanjeni, liyavuza liphume emthanjeni, liye kwizicubu ezingqongileyo ezifana nolusu, amafutha, kunye nemisipha. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-extravasation .
La mayeza, anamandla okubulala iiseli zomhlaza, anokonakalisa izicwili eziphilileyo xa zingena kuwo. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka sixhalabele le meko.
Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba lonke iqela, kuquka oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi, abakunyangayo baqeqeshwe kakuhle ukuthintela olu hlobo lwemeko ukuba lungenzeki kwaye balunyange ngokukhawuleza ukuba luyenzeka.
Zithini iimpawu zokukhupha i-extravasation?
Ezi mpawu zinokuvela emva nje kokuba amayeza enikiwe. Okanye zinokuvela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Oogqirha bahlula le meko ibe ngamanqanaba amane (amanqanaba) ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima bayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
| Ibanga | Iimpawu ozivayo nozibonayo |
|---|---|
| Ibanga loku-1 | Kusenokubakho ukungakhululeki kunye nokudumba okuncinci kwindawo ehlatywe kuyo. |
| Ibanga lesi-2 | Kunye nokungonwabi okanye intlungu, kunokubakho ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, kwaye mhlawumbi namadyungudyungu amancinci. |
| Ibanga lesi-3 | Kunye nentlungu evuthayo okanye ebuhlungu, kukho ukudumba okukhulu, ukuba bomvu, umbala wesikhumba, kunye nokudumba. |
| Ibanga lesi-4 | Intlungu ebuhlungu, ehamba nezilonda zesikhumba, amadyungudyungu, umbala omhlophe okanye omnyama wesikhumba (oku kubonisa umonakalo kwizicubu), kunye nokuziva ubanda xa uchukunyiswa. |
Kubaluleke kakhulu: Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu ngelixa unikwa amayeza, xelela umongikazi okanye ugqirha onyangayo ngoko nangoko. Musa ukuyityeshela nje loo nto. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kufuneka uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngoko nangoko.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Ukukhupha i-extravas kungenzeka ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.
- Ukuqhambuka kwemithambo: Umthambo obuthathaka ungaqhambuka ngexesha lokunikwa iyeza.
- Iziphene kwizixhobo: Ukuvuza kungenzeka ngenxa yesiphene kumgca we-IV okanye kwi-cannula esetyenziselwa ukunika amayeza.
- Iimpazamo ekunikeni amayeza: Ngamanye amaxesha le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yezinto ezifana nenaliti engangeni kakuhle emthanjeni, okanye amayeza anikwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yoku?
Abanye abantu banamathuba amaninzi okufumana le meko.
- Ukuba unemeko eyenza imithambo yakho ibe buthathaka (njengeSifo seMitha yePeripheral).
- Ukuba imithambo iye yaqina kwaye yaqina ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza.
- Ukuba imithambo yakho incinci kakhulu kwaye ibuthathaka.
- Ukuba imithambo iyahamba isiya phambili nangasemva xa kufakwa inaliti.
Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le meko ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza?
Ukuba kukho ukukhupha igazi emzimbeni kwaye unyango lulibaziseka, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokwenzeka. Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza nawo ayonakalisa izicubu ezisempilweni. Ke ngoko,
- Kusenokubakho iintlungu eziqatha.
- Umonakalo ongapheliyo kulusu nakwizicwili ezingaphantsi unokwenzeka.
- Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, ukusebenza kwengalo okanye umlenze kungachaphazeleka.
Kodwa iimeko ezinzima ngolu hlobo azixhaphakanga. Ngenxa yokuba iqela lakho lezonyango lithatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza xa lirhanela into efana nale, luxanduva lwakho ukubazisa ngazo naziphi na iingxaki ezinokubakho.
Oogqirha bakwenza njani oku?
Oogqirha kunye nabahlengikazi abakunika i-chemotherapy baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela le meko kunye nokunyanga ukuba iyenzeka. Baza kuthatha la manyathelo alandelayo ukuba babona into efana nale.
1. Ukuyeka amayeza ngoko nangoko: Iyeza elidlula kumgca we-IV liyayeka ngoko nangoko.
2. Ukuzama ukususa iyeza elivuzayo: Sebenzisa isirinji, khupha amayeza amaninzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka aphuma emthanjeni.
3. Nika iyeza lokunyanga: Ukuba kukho iyeza lokunyanga uhlobo lonyango oluchithekileyo, liza kunikwa nge-IV line.
4. Ukususa umgca we-IV: Kulapho kuphela apho inaliti ye-IV isuswa khona.
5. Phakamisa ingalo echaphazelekayo: Kucetyiswa ukuba ingalo ihlale iphakanyisiwe, ngokungathi ikwimqamelo, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukudumba.
6. Ukufaka amafutha: Ungafaka ikhrimu efanelekileyo ukunciphisa iintlungu kunye nezinye iimpawu.
7. Ukuqhotsa kubanda okanye kushushu: Eli linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu.
- I-Cold Compress: Amayeza amaninzi e-chemotherapy abandakanya ukufaka amanzi abandayo. Umkhuhlane ubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, nto leyo ethintela ukuba ichiza lingasasazeki ngakumbi.
- Uxinzelelo olufudumeleyo: Uxinzelelo olufudumeleyo lusetyenziswa kuphela kwiintlobo ezithile zamayeza. Ubushushu buyandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwindawo leyo, nto leyo enceda ukuba amayeza aphume ngokukhawuleza.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze oku kwenzeke liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwamayeza avuzayo, ubungakanani bawo, kunye nokuba angakanani akhutshwe. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela into omawuyenze ekhaya.
- Gcina isandla sakho siphezulu kangangoko unako.
- Faka ii-compress ezibandayo okanye ezishushu njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele. Ngokwesiqhelo, bacebisa ukusebenzisa ii-compress izihlandlo ezine ukuya kwezintlanu ngemini malunga nemizuzu eli-15-20.
Yintoni umahluko phakathi kokukhupha izinto emzimbeni (Extravasation) kunye nokungena emzimbeni (Infiltration)?
Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva igama elithi "ukungena ngaphakathi." Zombini zibhekisa ekuphumeni kolwelo oluvela emthanjeni. Kodwa kukho umahluko omncinci.
- Ukukhupha i-extravasation: Oku kuvuza okunokonakalisa izicubu (i-vesicant)Iyeza. Umzekelo, amayeza e-chemotherapy. La anokubangela izinto ezifana nokudumba kunye nokufa kwezicubu (necrosis).
- Ukungena: Olu lulwelo olungasebenzisi vesicant okanye olucaphukisayo olungabangeli monakalo mkhulu kwizicubu okanye ukudumba . Umzekelo, ityuwa eqhelekileyo okanye ezinye ii-antibiotics. Oku kubangela kuphela ububomvu, ubushushu, kunye nentlungu kuloo ndawo. Izicubu azifi.
Ngamafutshane, i-Extravasation yeyona meko inzima kakhulu yokungena ngaphakathi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona ukukhupha i-extravas kungenzeka ngexesha lonyango lomhlaza, kunqabile kakhulu.
- Iqela lakho lezonyango lizama konke okusemandleni alo ukuthintela oku.
- Ukuba uziva iintlungu, ukutsha, ukudumba, okanye naluphi na olunye uvakalelo kwindawo yokuhlatywa ngenaliti ngelixa unikwa iyeza, ungathandabuzi ukuxelela umongikazi okanye ugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Phantse wonke umonakalo omkhulu ungathintelwa ngokwaziswa kwangethuba nangonyango olukhawulezileyo.
- Ukhuseleko lwakho yeyona nto iphambili kwiqela lezonyango, ngoko ke nceda uxoxe ngayo nayiphi na imibuzo okanye iinkxalabo onokuba nazo malunga nonyango lwakho nabo.
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