Ngaba uyazi ngomhlaza wamehlo? Makhe sithethe ngawo ngokulula.

Nokuba sikhathalele kangakanani na amehlo ethu, siyakhathazeka xa umbono wethu ufiphala okanye amehlo ethu eba bomvu. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga ukuba umhlaza ungakhula ngaphakathi kweliso? Ewe, yinyani. Nangona oku kunqabile kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni umhlaza wamehlo, zithini iimpawu zawo, kunye nonyango.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni umhlaza wamehlo?

Umhlaza wamehlo kukukhula kweeseli zomhlaza elisweni lakho, oko kukuthi, i-eyeball nakwiindawo ezingqongileyo. Ngokwesiqhelo, iiseli emzimbeni wethu ziyahlukana kwaye zikhule ngendlela elawulwayo. Kodwa kumhlaza, ezi seli ziqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza kwaye zikhule kunye ngokungalawulekiyo, zenze ithumba.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi nati:

• Intle: Ezi azinazo izifo zomhlaza. Ziyakheka kwindawo enye zize zihlale apho, kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
• Ezibangela umhlaza: Ezi zithumba zinokukhula zize zisasazeke (zisasazeke) kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Eyona nto ingcono kukuba ukuba umhlaza wamehlo ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa kwangethuba, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuthintela ukusasazeka kwawo nokuwunyanga.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza wamehlo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza wamehlo. Oogqirha bawahlulahlula ngokusekwe kwindawo oqala kuyo umhlaza, indawo elikuyo iliso, kunye nohlobo lweeseli. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.

Iimelanomas ze-Intraocular

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo kubantu abadala. Luvela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes, ezinika ulusu lwethu umbala walo. Njenge-melanoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu olubi kakhulu, luhlala lukhula kumaleko ophakathi weliso (uvea).

• I-Iris Melanoma: Oku kwenzeka kwinxalenye enombala yeliso, i-iris. Eli lisenokuba yindawo entsha kwinxalenye enombala yeliso ekhula kancinci kancinci. Ezi zikhula kancinci.
• I-Ciliary Body Melanoma: Oku kuvela kwimisipha eshukumisa ilensi yeliso ukuze ilungele ukubona okukufutshane nokukude.
• I-Choroidal Melanoma: Le yenzeka kumaleko ohambisa igazi kwi-retina nangaphambili kweliso. I-Melanoma yeliso idla ngokuvela kule ndawo.
• I-Conjunctival Melanoma: Uhlobo lwe-melanoma oluvela kwi-membrane encinci egubungela umhlophe weliso. Oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Umhlaza we-Eyelid kunye ne-Orbital

Ezi zikhula kwizicwili ezikufutshane neliso, njengeenkophe, amadlala okukrazula, kunye nezihlunu ezishukumisa iliso.

• I-Squamous cell carcinoma: Ivela kwiiseli eziphezu kolusu.
• Umhlaza we-basal cell:Ivela kwiiseli ezisezantsi phezulu kwesikhumba.
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma: Ivela ngaphakathi kwezihlunu.

I-Retinoblastoma (umhlaza we-retina)

Lo ngumhlaza okhula kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso. Uxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala .

I-Intraocular Lymphoma

Lo ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga okhula kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 kunye nabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka basengozini enkulu.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wamehlo?

Ixesha elininzi, umhlaza wamehlo awubonisi zimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Iimpawu zibonakala kuphela xa ithumba likhule kancinci kwaye liphazamisana nokusebenza kweliso. Kodwa ungoyiki ukuba unomhlaza kuba nje unezi mpawu. Ezi mpawu zinokubonakala nakwezinye izifo zamehlo ezincinci. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba uziva into efana nale.

Ziziphi izinto ezinokubangela umhlaza wamehlo?

Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo ungekafunyanwa, abaphandi bafumanise ukuba izinto ezithile zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamehlo.

• Ubudala: Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 basengozini enkulu. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo esithethe ngalo ngaphambili, "i-Retinoblastoma," luvela kuphela kubantwana abancinci.
• Umbala wolusu: Abantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo basengozini enkulu.
• Umbala wamehlo: Abantu abanamehlo akhanyayo, anjengebhlowu neluhlaza, basengozini enkulu kunabo banamehlo amdaka.
• Iimeko zofuzo: Ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinokwandisa umngcipheko.
• Ukuchatshazelwa lilanga: Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukuchatshazelwa rhoqo yimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) yelanga nako kunokuba nefuthe elithile, kodwa uphando lusaqhubeka ngale nto.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto?

Ukuba uneempawu ezithile, uza kuthunyelwa kwingcali yamehlo. Uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye izifo ngaphambi kokuba aqinisekise ukuba unomhlaza.

1. Uvavanyo lwamehlo

Ugqirha uza kuhlola amehlo akho ngononophelo. Uza kukhangela amabala amatsha amnyama kunye nemithambo yegazi evuvukileyo. Uza kusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo koku.

• I-Ophthalmoscope: Sisixhobo esinokukhanya okusetyenziselwa ukujonga iindawo ezingasemva kweliso, njenge-retina.
• Isibane esiqhekekileyo: Sisixhobo esifana ne-microscope esikhulisa kwaye sibona ngokucacileyo iindawo zangaphambili nangasemva kweliso.

2. Iiskeni (Umfanekiso)

Umhlaza unokubonwa rhoqo ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kunye nokuskena.

• I-Ultrasound: Isebenzisa amaza esandi ukwenza imifanekiso ngaphakathi kweliso. Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba zinokuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo.
• I-Fluorescein angiography: Idayi ekhethekileyo ifakwa kwimithambo yegazi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuhamba kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso.

Ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kokuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweliso, kunokwenziwa iimvavanyo ezifana ne -CT scans , i-MRI scans , kunye ne -PET scans .

3. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji

Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili kwithumba uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze ubone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Oku kunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi, njengohlobo lomhlaza kunye notshintsho lwawo kwimfuza. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango.

Unyango lomhlaza lunjani?

Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani bawo, ukuba usasazeke kangakanani, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke. Ukuba sisimila esikhula kancinci, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni asijonge okwethutyana endaweni yokusinyanga ngoko nangoko.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango:

Unyango lweMisebe

Olu lunyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza wamehlo.

• Unyango lweBrachy: Oku kubandakanya ukufakelwa idiski encinci enezinto ezinemisebe kufutshane nethumba. Imisebe ephuma kule disk itshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Umatshini ongaphandle komzimba uhambisa imisebe ejoliswe kuyo kwithumba.

Utyando

Utyando lolona khetho lufanelekileyo, ingakumbi kwiithumba ezincinci ezingasasazekiyo.

• Iridectomy: Ukususwa kwenxalenye ye-iris.
• I-Iridocyclectomy: Ukususwa kwenxalenye yomzimba we-iris kunye ne-ciliary.
• Ukukhupha i-enucleosis: Ukuba ithumba likhulu okanye ukuba unyango alukwazi ukusindisa umbono, lonke iliso lingadinga ukususwa. Oku kusenokuba buhlungu ukukuva, kodwa kungafuneka ukusindisa ubomi. Emva kotyando, kufakelwa iliso lokwenziwa ukuze lifane nelinye iliso.
• Ukuphuma kwe-orbital exenteration: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezijikeleze iliso, i-eyeball kunye nezinye zezicubu ezijikelezileyo kunokufuneka zisuswe.

Unyango lweLaser

Unyango lwelaser lusebenzisa ubushushu obuvela kwimitha yelaser ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha lusetyenziselwa ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi emva konyango lwemitha.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango

Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile okanye awuphenduli kwezinye iindlela zonyango, unyango olufana ne -immunotherapy , unyango olujoliswe kulo , okanye i-chemotherapy lunokuthathwa ingqalelo.

Ngaba umhlaza wamehlo unganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Izinto ezifana nohlobo lomhlaza, ubungakanani bawo, kunye nokuba usasazeke kangakanani na ziyawuchaphazela. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba umhlaza ufunyenwe kwaye unyangwa usese lisweni, oko kukuthi, ngaphambi kokuba usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba, izinga lokunyangwa liphezulu kakhulu.

Yiyo loo nto sisoloko sisithi ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga emehlweni akho okanye ukuba unengxaki yokubona, ungayityesheli kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe amehlo rhoqo.