Uninzi lwethu luyoyika xa sisiva igama elithi umhlaza. Kodwa kukho eminye imihlaza, ukuba siyazi kakuhle size senze uvavanyo olufunekayo ngexesha, sinokuzikhusela ngokupheleleyo kuyo size sikwazi nokuyibona size siyinyange kwasekuqaleni. Umhlaza we-Colorectal sesinye sezifo ezinjalo. Ingakhula ngokuzolileyo emzimbeni ngaphandle kweempawu kwasekuqaleni. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngale nto, ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni umhlaza we-colorectal?
Ngamafutshane, lo ngumhlaza owenzeka kumathumbu ethu okanye kwi-rectum. Zombini ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Emva kokuba ukutya esikutyayo kudlule esiswini nakwi-small intestine, kufikelela kumathumbu amakhulu. Kulapho umzimba ufunxa khona amanzi kunye nezondlo ozifunayo kuloo nto yokutya. Emva koko inkunkuma eqinileyo eseleyo, eyindle, igcinwa okwethutyana kwi-rectum ize ikhutshwe emzimbeni.
Umhlaza uvela xa iiseli ezikwindawo engaphakathi kwekholoni okanye i-rectum ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kudla ngokuba yithumba "elithuleyo" elikhula kancinci . Ngoko ke usenokungaziboni naziphi na iimpawu de ithumba libe likhulu kakhulu. Kodwa eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lunokufumanisa lo mhlaza okanye ukukhula okuncinci (ii-polyps) okunokuba ngumhlaza kwangethuba.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo zomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zalo mhlaza, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lweseli oqala kuyo. Kodwa musa ukucinga kakhulu ngalo uze udideke. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto.
| Uhlobo lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Adenocarcinoma | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo (malunga nama-96%). Luqala kwiiseli ezenza i-mucus emathunjini. |
| Ithumba leCarcinoid | Umhlaza oqala kwiiseli ezikhethekileyo ezivelisa iihomoni. |
| I-Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) | Ivela kwiiseli eziseludongeni lwamathumbu ezithumela imiqondiso kwimisipha enceda ukuhambisa ukutya. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umhlaza oqala kwiiseli zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana lo mhlaza?
Nabani na unokufumana esi sifo, kodwa kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wakho. Jonga ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi zinto ezikungqongileyo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe waba nomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu okanye iipolyps (izihluma ezincinci) kwixesha elidlulileyo.
- Ukuba utya kakhulu inyama ezicutshungulweyo kunye nenyama ebomvu .
- Ukuba unesifo samathumbu esibangela ukudumba (IBD) , esifana nesifo sikaCrohn okanye i-ulcerative colitis.
- Ukuba uneengxaki ezithile zempilo ezizuzwa njengelifa (umz. iFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis - FAP, HNPCC).
- Ukutyeba kakhulu .
- Ukutshaya .
- Ukungazilolongi umzimba .
- Ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo .
- Ukuba neType 2 Diabetes .
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba nomntu ongenazo ezi zinto zinobungozi angafumana lo mhlaza. Yiyo loo nto ukuxilongwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka engama-45 kubaluleke kangaka.
Zithini iimpawu zoku?
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko umhlaza uqhubeka, ezi mpawu zinokuvela. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu ixesha elide, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha .
- Utshintsho oluhlala ixesha elide kwindlela oqhuba ngayo amathumbu akho (umz. ukutshintshana phakathi korhudo kunye nokuqhina).
- Ukuba uqhubeka uziva ngathi isisu sakho asikaphumi ngokupheleleyo emva kokuya kwigumbi lokuhlambela.
- Ukopha okuphuma kwi-rectum okanye igazi elikwi-tube.
- Indle ebhityileyo kunesiqhelo.
- Ukungakhululeki kwesisu okanye ukuqaqamba kwesisu okungapheliyo.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nokukhanya okubangelwa kukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-anemia ).
- Ukubamba ithumba esiswini okanye kwi-rectum.
Ungasixilonga njani esi sifo? - Uvavanyo
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuxilonga, akuchukumise isisu sakho, aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akucebise olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi vavanyo.
- I-Colonoscopy: Le yindlela efanelekileyo nechanekileyo yokuvavanya. Luvavanyo olungcono noluchanekileyo. Ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo enekhamera (i-colonoscope) ifakwa nge-anus kwaye ikholoni yonke ihlolwe. Ukuba kukho ii-polyps (ukukhula), zinokususwa ngaxeshanye kwaye kuthathwe iqhekeza elincinci (i-biopsy) ukuze lihlolwe.
- Uvavanyo lweSitulo: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ukuba kukho igazi elincinci elikwisitulo elincinci kakhulu ukuba lingabonwa ngamehlo enyama. Uvavanyo lwe-FIT lolunye lolo vavanyo.
- I-Biopsy: Ngexesha le-colonoscopy, iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lithathwa kwindawo ekrokrisayo lize lihlolwe phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza.
- I-CT Scan: I-CT scan ingenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu angaphandle kwekholoni.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe unomhlaza, ungoyiki. Namhlanje, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisebenzayo zoku. Oogqirha baza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, njengenqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke, ukuze bamisele unyango olufanelekileyo kuwe.
Utyando
Umhlaza okwinqanaba lokuqala kunye neepolyps zinokususwa ngexesha le-colonoscopy. Ukuba umhlaza mkhulu, kwenziwa utyando lokususa inxalenye ye-colon equlethe umhlaza (i-partial colectomy).
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza abulala iiseli zomhlaza okanye athintele ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza anikwa njengeepilisi okanye nge-IV. Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa ithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukubulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa imitha enamandla aphezulu (njengee-X-ray) ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa kunye ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza we-rectal.
Unyango olujoliswe kulo kunye ne-Immunotherapy
Ezi ziindlela zonyango ezintsha nezisebenzayo kakhulu. Iindlela zonyango ezijolise kuzo zinika amayeza ahlasela iinjongo ezithile ezifumaneka kuphela kwiiseli zomhlaza. I-immunotherapy ivuselela inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokulwa neeseli zomhlaza.
Ungawuphepha njani umhlaza?
Kuthiwa “kungcono ukuthintela esi sifo ngaphambi kokuba sikhule kunokusinyanga emva kokuba sikhule.” Ngoko ke kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kulo mhlaza.
1. Indlela yokuphila enempilo:
- Kuphephe ukutshaya notywala.
- Yenza umthambo onzima ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki (njengokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, ukukhwela ibhayisekile).
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni .
2. Ukutya okufanelekileyo:
- Yitya ukutya okuninzi okunefayibha eninzi (iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, iinkozo ezipheleleyo).
- Nciphisa inyama ebomvu kunye nenyama ecutshungulweyo (ezifana neesoseji, iibhola zenyama).
3. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo:
- Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo . Ngoku kucetyiswa ukuba ukuba awukho semngciphekweni, kufuneka uqale ukuvavanywa rhoqo ukususela kwiminyaka engama-45 ubudala .
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo kukwenza i-colonoscopy rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nalo mhlaza, ungafuna ukuqala ukuxilongwa usemncinci kakhulu. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.
| Bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko! | |
|---|---|
Ukuba uqhubeka ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingentla, ingakumbi igazi elikwindle yakho, iintlungu zesisu, okanye utshintsho olungachazwanga kwindlela ohamba ngayo amathumbu, nceda ungakutyesheli oko. Ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika kunokuyenza imeko ibe mandundu. Bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane ingcebiso. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu uhlala ungathethi nto kwisigaba sawo sokuqala. Musa ukulinda de kuvele iimpawu.
- Ukuhlolwa rhoqo (ingakumbi iikholonoscopies) emva kweminyaka engama-45 yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela okanye yokubona umhlaza kwangethuba.
- Unganciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, nokuphepha ukutshaya.
- Ukuba ubona igazi esitulweni sakho okanye ubona utshintsho kwindlela osebenzisa ngayo indlu yangasese, musa ukoyika okanye uzive uneentloni, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Khumbula, umhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba . Ngoko ke ungoyiki ukuvavanywa, ufumane ulwazi, kwaye uhlale usempilweni.
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