Umhlaza wamehlo? Ewe, ikho into enjalo - masithethe ngomhlaza wamehlo!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ingaba umhlaza wamehlo ungakhula na? Usenokuba awuzange uve nangawo. Kodwa, umhlaza ungakhula ngaphakathi kwamehlo ethu nakwiindawo eziwangqongileyo. Nangona oku kusenokuvakala kusoyikisa, kubalulekile ukukwazi. Kuba, ukuba kufunyenwe kwangethuba, kulula ukunyanga. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngomhlaza wamehlo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye umhlaza wamehlo?

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza wamehlo kuxa iiseli emehlweni ethu zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zenze ithumba kwindawo enye. Ngoku kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi thumba. Ezinye zizithumba nje ezingengomhlaza , oko kuthetha ukuba azingomhlaza kwaye azisasazeki kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Nangona kunjalo, olunye uhlobo ziithumba ezinobungozi . Ezo ziyingozi ngakumbi kuba zinokukhula kwaye zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba le mihlaza yamehlo ifunyaniswa kwangethuba kwaye inyangwa, ukusasazeka komhlaza kunokupheliswa kakhulu.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza wamehlo ezikhoyo?

Oogqirha bahlulahlula umhlaza wamehlo ngokusekwe kwindawo oqala kuyo umhlaza—nokuba ungaphakathi kweliso, ngaphandle kweliso, okanye kwiindawo ezijikeleze iliso—kunye nohlobo lweeseli umhlaza oqala kuzo. Makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili.

1. IiMelanomas zangaphakathi kwamehlo

Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo. Usenokuba ukhe weva igama elithi ``Melanoma'' xa uthetha ngomhlaza wolusu. Ukuba ``Melanoma'' yenziwe ngeeseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi ``Melanocytes''. Le ``Intraocular Melanoma'' ngumhlaza okhula ngaphakathi kweliso ovela kwezo seli ze ``Melanocytes''. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi zikhula embindini weliso, oko kukuthi, kumaleko obizwa ngokuba yi-uvea . Ke ngoko, ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-uveal melanomas . Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili phantsi koku:

• I-Iris Melanoma: Oku kuvela kwinxalenye yeliso enika umbala kwi -iris . Isenokubonakala njengebala elitsha elimnyama elikhula kancinci kancinci kwinxalenye enombala yeliso lakho. Ezi zihlala zikhula kancinci.
• I-Ciliary Body Melanoma: Oku kuvela emzimbeni we-ciliary , inxalenye yeliso elawula ilensi yeliso lethu xa sijonga izinto ezikufutshane nathi nezinto ezikude. Le ifumaneka ngasemva kwe-iris.
• I-Choroidal Melanoma: Oku kuvela kwi-choroid, umaleko ohambisa igazi kwi-retina nangaphambili kweliso ngasemva kweliso. Kukwi- choroid apho uninzi lwee-melanomas zamehlo zikhula khona.

Ngamanye amaxesha i-melanoma inokukhula nakwi-membrane encinci egquma umphambili weliso, i-conjunctiva . Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-conjunctival melanoma.Ezi zinqabile kakhulu, kwaye njenge-melanoma ye-uveal, zinokusasazeka kwaye zibe nolaka ngakumbi.

2. Umhlaza weenkophe kunye nomhlaza we-Orbital

Ezi cancer zikhula kwizicubu ezikufutshane ne-eyeball. Ii-orbital cancer zikhula kwi-socket yeliso, apho kukho izihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo eshukumisa i-eyeball. Ii-adnexal cancer zikhula kwizicubu ezixhasa iliso, njengeenkophe kunye ne-drailing glands. Ezi zahlulwe ngokwehlobo lweseli apho umhlaza ukhula khona. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Ivela kwiiseli ze-squamous ezikumphezulu wesikhumba.
• I-Basal Cell Carcinoma: Ivela kwiiseli ze-basal phezulu kwesikhumba.
• I-Rhabdomyosarcoma: Ivela ngaphakathi kwizicubu zemisipha.

3. I-Retinoblastoma

Lo ngumhlaza oqala kwi-retina ngasemva kweliso. Udla ngokubonakala kakhulu kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emihlanu ubudala.

4. I-Intraocular Lymphoma

Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu lwe- B-cell lymphoma . Lukhula kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocytes . Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala nakubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka. Abantu abaninzi abanolu hlobo lomhlaza wamehlo banesigulo esibizwa ngokuba yi-Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma (PCNSL) . Lo ngumhlaza ochaphazela iindawo ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, njengengqondo kunye nomqolo.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le mhlaza yamehlo? Loluphi uhlobo oluxhaphakileyo?

Umhlaza wamehlo unqabile kakhulu . Umzekelo, eMelika, zimalunga nama-3,400 kuphela iimeko ezixelwayo minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, kuqheleke kakhulu ukuba umhlaza usasazeke elisweni xa uqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kuba ezi azingomhlaza oqala elisweni, oogqirha abazibeki njengomhlaza wamehlo.

Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo yi -intraocular melanoma , edla ngokukhula kwi -choroid, isakhiwo esiphakathi kweliso.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza wamehlo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ithumba lisenokungabangeli zimpawu de liqalise ukuphazamisana nokusebenza kweliso. Nangona kunjalo, musa ukucinga ukuba unomhlaza wamehlo kuba nje uneempawu ezidweliswe ngezantsi. Izifo ezininzi zamehlo ezingezizo ezomhlaza nazo zinokubangela ezi mpawu. Ke ngoko, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha ukuze ufumane ngokuqinisekileyo.

Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo kukulahlekelwa yimbono ngaphandle kwentlungu . Ukongeza, ezi ngxaki zokubona zinokuba ziimpawu zomhlaza wamehlo:

• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Ukulahleka kombono - okungaphelelanga okanye okupheleleyo.
• Ukubona ukukhanya, imigca egobileyo okanye amabala (iiflethi).

Ezinye iimpawu:

• Iliso elivuvukileyo.
• Ukubomvu kwamehlo okungapheliyo kunye nokurhawuzelela (Ukurhawuzelela kwamehlo okungaphucukiyo).
• Indawo emnyama kwi-iris yakho eyandayo.
• Iqhuma elikhulayo kwiliso lakho okanye kwibhola yeliso lakho.
• Utshintsho kwindawo yeliso lakho kwisokhethi kunye nendlela elihamba ngayo.

Zingaba zeziphi iimpawu zokuqala?

Abantu abaninzi bafumanisa ukuba banomhlaza wamehlo kuphela xa besiya kuhlolwa amehlo, xa ugqirha wamehlo okanye ugqirha wamehlo ebona into engaqhelekanga ngelixa ehlola amehlo abo. Umzekelo, ukuba ubona imithambo yegazi emikhulu ngaphakathi kweliso, okanye ukuba ubona ibala elimnyama, oko kungaba luphawu lomhlaza wamehlo okanye esinye isifo samehlo. Ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelekileyo.

Kutheni le nto lo mhlaza wamehlo usenzeka?

Njengeminye imidla yomhlaza, umhlaza wamehlo uvela xa iiseli zahlukana kwaye zanda ngokungalawulekiyo, ekugqibeleni zenze ithumba . Ezi thumba zinokuqhekeka zisasazeke ziye kwii-lymph nodes nasegazini. Iiseli zomhlaza zinokuhamba ngegazi kunye nenkqubo ye-lymphatic ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba kwaye zenze iithumba ezintsha. Xa oku kusenzeka, oogqirha bathi umhlaza "usasazeke" okanye utshintshile . Oku kuthetha ukuba isifo siye saba sibi kakhulu.

Izazinzulu zisaphanda indlela iiseli eziqhelekileyo nezisempilweni eziba ngayo iiseli zomhlaza.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamehlo?

Abaphandi bafumanise izinto ezininzi ezonyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza wamehlo:

• Ubudala: Uninzi lomhlaza wamehlo lufunyanwa kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Retinoblastoma' olukhula kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 lwahlukile.
• Umbala wolusu: Ukuba umhlophe kwaye unesikhumba esikhanyayo, usenokuba nomhlaza wamehlo.
• Umbala wamehlo: Abantu abanamehlo akhanyayo, anjengebhlowu neluhlaza, banamathuba amaninzi okuba ne-cataracts kunabo banamehlo amnyama, anjenge-brown.
• Iimeko ezizuzwe njengelifa: Abantu abane -dysplastic nevus syndrome , imeko ezuzwe njengelifa ebangela ukuba kubekho ii-moles ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga emzimbeni, basengozini enkulu yokuba nomhlaza wamehlo.Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome inokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza, kuquka ne-uveal melanoma.
• Ukuchatshazelwa lilanga kunye nokutshiswa lilanga: Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukuchatshazelwa yimitha ye-UV evela elangeni okanye kwiindawo zokuchatshazelwa lilanga kunokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-melanoma yangaphakathi kweliso. Kufuneka uphando oluthe kratya ukuze wazi ngokuqinisekileyo.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza wamehlo?

Umhlaza wamehlo uchongwa yingcali yamehlo okanye yingcali yomhlaza wamehlo . Ngaphambi kokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba ngumhlaza na, kwenziwa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zifo ziqhelekileyo zamehlo.

1. Uvavanyo lwamehlo

Kule meko, ugqirha uza kuhlola iliso lakho ngononophelo aze ajonge iimpawu zomhlaza. Baza kukhangela izinto ezifana namabala amnyama kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Baza kujonga ukuba iliso lihamba kakuhle na. Baza kusebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ukuze babone ngokucacileyo izakhiwo ezingaphakathi kweliso.

• I-Ophthalmoscope: Esi sisixhobo esiphathwa ngesandla esinokukhanya kunye neelensi ezininzi. Singasetyenziselwa ukujonga izakhiwo ezingasemva kwebhola yeliso, njenge-retina.
• Isibane Esinomqolo: Esi sisixhobo esiphezu kwetafile esinenkqubo yokukhanya kunye nelensi ekhethekileyo, efana ne-microscope. Sikuvumela ukuba ubone umphambili nomva weliso lakho ngokucacileyo.

2. Uvavanyo lomfanekiso

Kwiimeko ezininzi, ulwazi olufunyenwe kuvavanyo lwamehlo kunye nolu vavanyo lwemifanekiso lwanele ukufumanisa umhlaza wamehlo. Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso oluqhelekileyo zezi:

• I-Ultrasound: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukuthatha imifanekiso yangaphakathi yeliso. I-Ultrasound inokubonisa ukuba inkulu kangakanani ithumba kunye nendawo elikuyo. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi ekufumaneni i-melanoma yangaphakathi kweso.
• I-Fluorescein Angiography: Kule nto, ugqirha ufaka idayi ekhethekileyo kwimithambo yegazi yakho. Le dayi yenza imithambo yegazi ibonakale ngokucacileyo ngexesha lokufota. Emva kokuba idayi ifikelele kwimithambo yegazi engaphakathi kweliso, kusetyenziswa ikhamera ekhethekileyo ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi ngaphakathi kweliso.

Ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba umhlaza usasazekile, kunokwenziwa olunye uvavanyo lokufota. Uvavanyo olwenziwayo ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kweliso luquka:

• I-ultrasound
• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• Iskeni ye-CT
• I-MRI
• Iskeni yePET

3. Uvavanyo lwebhayoloji

I-BiopsyNgexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-biopsy, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba aze alijonge ukuba alinazo na iiseli zomhlaza. Nangona uninzi lomhlaza wamehlo lunokubonwa ngokuhlolwa kwamehlo kunye nemifanekiso, i-biopsy inokubonelela ngolwazi malunga notshintsho lwemfuza kwiiseli zomhlaza, ezifana notshintsho lwemfuza. Olu lwazi lungasetyenziselwa ukufumanisa izinto ezifana nokuba umhlaza unamandla kangakanani na kunye nokuba ungumntu ofanelekileyo na kunyango oluthile.

• I-Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy: Inaliti encinci kakhulu isetyenziselwa ukususa ulwelo oluncinci ngaphakathi kweliso ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-Incisional Biopsy: Inxalenye yethumba iyasuswa ize ihlolwe.
• I-Excisional Biopsy: Ithumba lonke liyasuswa lize lihlolwe.

Inqanaba lomhlaza lichongwa njani?

Ukucwangcisa inqanaba lomhlaza kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ungakanani na umhlaza kwaye ukwinqanaba elingakanani. Olu lwazi lusetyenziselwa ukucwangcisa unyango kunye nokunika umbono wesifo. Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini zokucwangcisa ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kumhlaza wamehlo:

1. Inkqubo yokulinganisa i-TNM yeKomiti eManyeneyo yaseMelika yoMhlaza (AJCC)

Oogqirha bamisela inqanaba lomhlaza ngokujonga izinto ezininzi:

• T (Ithumba): Ubungakanani bethumba kunye nokuba sele lisasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zeliso.
• N (Amaqhuqhuva): Ingaba ithumba lisasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph endlebeni nasentanyeni.
• M (Metastasis): Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba (ixesha elininzi isibindi).

Xa zidityaniswe zonke ezi zinto, umhlaza wamehlo unikwa inqanaba ukusuka kwi-I (enganzulu kangako) ukuya kwi-IV (eyona inzima kakhulu).

2. Inkqubo yokulinganisa i-Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) eSebenzisanayo

Enye indlela esetyenziswa kakhulu kukufumanisa inqanaba ngokusekwe kubukhulu bethumba. Ubungakanani budla ngokusetyenziswa ukufumanisa unyango olufanelekileyo. Umlinganiselo uthathwa ngeemilimitha (mm).

• Encinci: Phakathi kwe-1 mm kunye ne-2.5 mm ukuphakama, phakathi kwe-5 mm kunye ne-16 mm ububanzi.
• Phakathi: Phakathi kwe-2.5 mm kunye ne-10 mm ukuphakama, ububanzi be-16 mm okanye ngaphantsi.
• Enkulu: Ingaphezulu kweemilimitha ezili-10 ukuphakama, ingaphezulu kweemilimitha ezili-16 ububanzi.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo eziza kwenziwa?

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, unokuyalela ukuba kuthathwe umfanekiso wesibindi. Oku kungenxa yokuba umhlaza wamehlo osasazeka ngaphaya kweliso usasazeka kakhulu uye esibindini.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lomhlaza wamehlo?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ithumba likhula kancinci okanye uxilongo aluqinisekanga, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba ulinde ixesha elithile ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ukuba iingozi zonyango zingaphezulu kweengozi zokungakwenzi oko. Umzekelo, ukuba kukho umngcipheko wokulahlekelwa yimbono kwindawo enyangwayo.

1. Unyango lweMisebe

Olu lunyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu kumhlaza wamehlo.

• Unyango lweBrachy: Okanye unyango lwemitha yangaphakathi. Olu lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwi-melanoma yamehlo. Kule meko, ugqirha ubeka isixhobo esincinci esifana nediski kufutshane nethumba. Sikhupha imisebe kwaye sibulale iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweMisebe yangaphandle (i-EBRT): Kule meko, imitha ihanjiswa kwithumba kusetyenziswa umatshini ongawuchukumisiyo umzimba wakho. Kukho iindlela ezifana notyando lwe-stereotactic . Kule meko, imitha ephezulu ihanjiswa kwithumba kwiseshoni enye yonyango. Unyango lwemitha ye-proton beam lolunye ukhetho. Olu lolona nyango lutsha lwemitha. Lunokuhambisa imitha ephezulu kwithumba ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Nangona kunjalo, alufumaneki kuyo yonke indawo ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu zokugcina izixhobo.

2. Utyando

Utyando lunyango olusetyenziswa kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiithumba ezincinci apho umhlaza ungasasazekanga ngaphaya kwebhola yeliso.

• Ukususwa kwe-Iridectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye ye-iris. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziselwa i-melanoma encinci.
• Ukususwa kwe-iridocyclectomy: Oku kuquka ukususa inxalenye ye-iris kunye nomzimba we-ciliary. Oku kudla ngokusetyenziswa kwi-melanoma encinci.
• Ukususwa kwe-Transscleral: I-Melanoma emzimbeni we-choroid okanye we-ciliary iyasuswa.
• Ukususwa kwe-enucleation: I-eyeball isusiwe ngokupheleleyo. Olu tyando lwenziwa xa kukho ithumba elikhulu okanye xa unyango lungaphumeleli ukugcina umbono wakho. Emva koko, kufakwa i-eyeball yokufakelwa kwelinye iliso lakho. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ulingane neliso lokwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo, ngembonakalo kunye nentshukumo efanayo neliso lakho.
• Ukukhupha i-Orbital Exenteration: I-Overbital eyeball yonke kunye nezinye izicwili ezijikeleze yona ziyasuswa. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu tyando ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezijikeleze i-overbital eyeball. Njengokukhupha i-overbital eyeball, oku kulandelwa yi-artificial eyeball.

3. Unyango lweLaser

Unyango lwelaser lusebenzisa ubushushu ukutshabalalisa umhlaza wamehlo. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo esetyenziswayo yiTranspupillary Thermotherapy (TTT).Le ndlela isebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-infrared ukujolisa kwithumba nokutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Ingasetyenziswa yodwa okanye emva kwe-brachytherapy ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.

4. Unyango lwe-immunotherapy

I-immunotherapy isebenza ngokunceda inkqubo yakho yomzimba ibone kwaye itshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza. Kwezinye iimeko, iyeza le-immunotherapy elibizwa ngokuba yiTebentafusp lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga i-melanoma ye-uveal. I-immunotherapy idla ngokusetyenziswa xa umhlaza usasazekile okanye ungasuswa ngotyando.

5. Unyango olujoliswe kulo

Unyango olujoliswe ekujoliswe kulo lusebenzisa amayeza ukujolisa ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza kwaye luzitshabalalise. Ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza zine -BRAF gene mutation , ungafaneleka ukufumana unyango olujoliswe kulo. Nangona olu tshintsho ngoku lubonakala kakhulu kwi-skin melanoma, olu nyango lunokuba luncedo nakubantu abane-eye melanoma.

6. Unyango ngamakhemikhali

I-chemotherapy ayilonyango oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa i-chemotherapy ukuba umhlaza wakho awuphenduli kwezinye iindlela zonyango okanye ukuba usasazeke kwezinye iindawo.

Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zixhomekeke kuhlobo lonyango olucetyiswa ngugqirha wakho. Ngenxa yokuba olu nyango lujolise emehlweni, kunokubakho utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho. Umngcipheko obalulekileyo kukulahlekelwa yimbono kancinci okanye ngokupheleleyo. Ezi ngozi zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi ekufuneka uzixoxe nogqirha wakho.

Ngaba umhlaza wamehlo ungathintelwa?

Akukho ndlela yokuthintela ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uyazi ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nomhlaza wamehlo, ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwamehlo kunokunceda ekufumaneni isifo kwangethuba kwaye kwandise amathuba akho okuchacha. Umzekelo, ukuba unesifo esifana ne-(BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome)`, licebo elihle ukuba uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo. Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-`(Retinoblastoma)` kwaye unomntwana, bubulumko ukuba uhlolwe amehlo aloo mntwana rhoqo ukuze abone ukuba akanawo umhlaza.

Ngaba umhlaza wamehlo unganyangeka? Lingakanani izinga lokunyangeka?

Iziphumo zonyango lwakho, okanye i-prognosis, zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke kangakanani. Umzekelo, i-brachytherapy inokubulala ukuya kuthi ga kwi-95% ye-intraocular melanomas encinci ukuya kwephakathi. Isenokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo umhlaza wamehlo. Nangona kunjalo, inokulawula ukukhula kwayo ngaphakathi kwi-eyeball.

Buza ugqirha wakho ngamathuba okuphila, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile lomhlaza wamehlo onawo.

I-intraocular melanoma, uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza wamehlo, inezinga elihle kakhulu lokusinda ukuba ifunyenwe kwaye inyangwa ngelixa isengaphakathi kwebhola yeliso. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, izinga lokusinda alikho lihle kangako. Ngethamsanqa, uninzi lomhlaza lufunyanwa kwaye lunyangwa ngaphambi kokuba lusasazeke.

Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho

Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Luhlobo luni lomhlaza wamehlo endinawo?
• Umhlaza wam ukuliphi inqanaba?
• Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ozicebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukugcina umbono wam emva konyango?
• Angakanani amathuba okuba umhlaza wam unyangeke ngokupheleleyo ngonyango?

Okokugqibela, umyalezo obalulekileyo

Xa ufunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza wamehlo, oko kuthetha ukuthini kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo lomhlaza onalo, apho ukhoyo esweni lakho, nokuba usasazeke na. Kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo zomhlaza wamehlo, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubalulekile ukuze unyango luphumelele. Yiyo loo nto ukuvavanywa rhoqo kwamehlo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ekubeni uninzi lomhlaza wamehlo lungabonakalisi zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala, ukubona into engaqhelekanga ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwamehlo kudla ngokuba luphawu lokuqala lomhlaza wamehlo. Ngoko ke, landela icebiso likagqirha wakho wamehlo malunga nokuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi ukuze kuchongwe naziphi na iingxaki zokubona okanye ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela amehlo akho. Musa ukoyika, xelelwa, kwaye uthathe amanyathelo afunekayo.

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