Ufunda eli nqaku usebenzisa amehlo akho. Amehlo ethu asinceda sibone ubuhle behlabathi elisingqongileyo, siqaphele abantu esibathandayo, kwaye siphephe ingozi endleleni. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zintsonkothile kwaye zimangalisa kangakanani iindlela ezenzeka ngaphakathi kwesi sitho sincinci? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngamehlo ethu, asebenza njengeekhamera zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
Sizibona njani ngokwenene izinto?
Kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto. Cinga ngamehlo ethu esebenza njengekhamera. Xa sijonga into ethile, ukukhanya okubonakaliswa kuloo nto kungena emehlweni ethu.
Olu kukhanya lungena elihlweni ludlula kwiindawo ezininzi ngaphakathi kwelihlweni kwaye lugxile, njengelensi yekhamera. Olu kukhanya lugxile luya kufikelela kwindawo efana nesikrini ngasemva kwelihlweni. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-retina.
I-retina inezigidi zeeseli ezibuthathaka kakhulu ekukhanyeni. Xa ukukhanya kubetha ezi seli, imiqondiso yokukhanya iguqulwa ibe yimiqondiso yombane. Ezi miqondiso zombane zithunyelwa engqondweni yethu nge-optic nerve, esebenza njengentambo yedatha. Ingqondo "iyazifunda" ezi miqondiso kwaye itolike oko sikubonayo njengomfanekiso. Yonke le nkqubo yenzeka ngokuphanyaza kweliso. Ayimangalisi na?
Kukho into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha. "Ukubona" kunye "nokubona" zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ukubona yinkqubo yokuthatha ukukhanya emehlweni uze ukuthumele engqondweni. Ukubona yinkqubo yonke yengqondo ukutolika ezo mpawu uze uzibonise kuthi njengomfanekiso.
Ziziphi iindawo eziphambili zeliso lethu?
Amehlo ethu sisitho esintsonkothileyo kakhulu. Ukuze asebenze kakuhle, onke la malungu kufuneka abe sempilweni. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni ezi ndawo kwaye zenzani.
| Inxalenye | Kwenzeka ntoni ngaloo nto? (Umsebenzi) |
|---|---|
| I-Cornea | Le yinwebu ecacileyo engaphambili kweliso. Ifana nefestile yemoto. Kulapho ukukhanya okungena kweliso kuqala kugobeka khona. |
| I-Sclera | Le yinxalenye yeliso lethu esiyibona imhlophe. Le nxalenye inika iliso imo namandla alo. |
| Iris | Le yinxalenye enika iliso umbala walo. Yiyo loo nto amehlo omntu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, emdaka, okanye eluhlaza. Yiyo le nto ilawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okungena kweliso. |
| Umfundi | Isangqa esimnyama esiphakathi kweqela leenkwenkwezi. Silawula ubungakanani bokukhanya okufikelela elisweni, siba sincinci xa kukhanya ilanga kwaye sibe sikhulu xa kukhanya. |
| Ilensi | Inxalenye ecacileyo engasemva kwe-cornea. Yile nto igxila ukukhanya ize ikwenze kuwele ngqo kwi-retina. |
| I-retina | Inxalenye yeliso efana nesikrini equlethe iiseli ezibona ukukhanya. Kulapho ukukhanya kuguqulwa khona kube ziimpawu zombane. |
| Umthambo wokubona | Umthambo othwala imiqondiso yombane eveliswa kwi-retina ukuya engqondweni. |
Ziziphi izifo zamehlo eziqhelekileyo?
Njengalo naliphi na elinye ilungu lomzimba wethu, amehlo ethu anokuhlushwa zizifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zezi zilula, ngelixa ezinye zinokubangela umonakalo ongunaphakade ekuboneni kwethu.
Iimpazamo zokuBuyisela uBuchule
Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo abantu abaninzi abanayo. Oku kwenzeka xa ukukhanya okungena elisweni kungajoliswanga ngqo kwi-retina.
- Ukubona kufutshane: Ukubona kufutshane kukungakwazi ukubona izinto ngokucacileyo, kodwa izinto ezikude zibonakala zingacacanga. Umzekelo, umntwana wesikolo usenokungakwazi ukubona ibhodi ngokucacileyo.
- Ukubona izinto ezikude: Nangona izinto ezikude zinokubonakala ngokucacileyo, ukwenza imisebenzi ekufutshane, njengokufunda incwadi, kunokuba nzima kwaye umbhalo ubonakala ungacacanga.
- I-Astigmatism: Kule meko, ukukhanya akujolisi ndawo inye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imifanekiso ibonakale igqwethekile kwaye ingacacanga.
- I-Presbyopia: Yimeko edla ngokuchaphazela abantu abaninzi emva kweminyaka engama-40. Ukuguquguquka kwelensi yeliso kuyancipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukufunda izinto ezikufutshane, ingakumbi iincwadi namaphephandaba.
Izifo Zamehlo Ezinxulumene Nobudala
Kuqhelekile ukuba amehlo atshintshe izinto ezithile njengoko sikhula.
- IiCataracts: I-cataract kukufiphala kwelensi yeliso. Oku kubangela ukuba umbono ubonakale ungacacanga kancinci kancinci. Ngethamsanqa, oku kunokunyangeka ngotyando olulula.
- I-Glaucoma: Le yimeko eyingozi. Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi kweliso luyanda kwaye lonakalise umthambo we-optic. Kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayinyangwa, umbono unokulahleka ngonaphakade.
- Ukonakala kwe-Macular: Esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo kubantu abadala. Ukonakala kwenxalenye ephakathi ye-retina kubangela ukuba kuvele ibala elimnyama phakathi kwezinto xa ujonge phambili.
Ezinye izifo
Ukongeza koku, amehlo anokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo, ii-allergies, ukwenzakala, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezinye izifo ezifana nesifo seswekile nazo zingonakalisa amehlo.
Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu zesifo samehlo?
Ukuba kukho ingxaki emehlweni akho, umzimba wakho uya kukunika iimpawu ezahlukeneyo ngayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqaphele ezi mpawu.
- Amehlo abomvu, arhawuzelelayo, okanye anamanzi.
- Kuphuma ulwelo olufana nencindi emehlweni.
- Umbono ofipheleyo okanye ukulahleka kombono ngequbuliso.
- Ukuqala ukubona izinto ngambini (Umbono ophindwe kabini).
- Ubunzima bokujonga ukukhanya okukhanyayo (uvakalelo lokukhanya).
- Iifloaters zibonakala ngathi ziingcongolo ezimnyama okanye imisonto edada phambi kwamehlo.
- Intlungu yamehlo.
- I-Strabismus kukungakwazi ukugcina amehlo ethe tye kwaye umbono utsalelwa kwelinye icala okanye kwelinye.
Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zamehlo azilophawu lwesifo esifihlakeleyo. Nangona kukho intetho ethi "amehlo yifestile yomphefumlo," ngokwezonyango, "amehlo yifestile yobuchopho." Oku kuthetha ukuba utshintsho emehlweni lunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esinzulu sobuchopho, esifana nestroke. Ngoko ke, ungaze uzityeshele ezi mpawu.
Ukuba unale mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza!
Kukho iimpawu ezithile ekufuneka uzifunele iingcebiso zonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba uzibona, kuba zinokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu.
- Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukuncipha okukhulu kombono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo .
- Ukuba kukho into ebambekayo elisweni lakho okanye ukuba kuvakala ngathi kukho into ebambekayo elisweni lakho.
- Ukuba utsha ujikeleze iliso lakho okanye iliso lakho.
- Ukuba ubona ukukhanya phambi kwamehlo akho okanye ukuba inani lamachaphaza amnyama antantayo (iifloaters) liyanda ngequbuliso.
- Ukuba icala elinye lombono wakho libonakala ligqunywe ngumkhusane omnyama.
- Ukuba uhlanza kwaye unentlungu enzulu emehlweni akho.
- Ukuba amehlo akho avuvukile, abomvu, okanye akrwelekile.
Kwimeko enjalo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza. Okanye yiya kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (i-ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine amehlo ethu esempilweni
Asitsho phandle ukuba “qaphela amehlo akho.” Amehlo ethu axabiseke kakhulu. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze siwakhusele.
1. Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Nokuba awudingi ziglasi, kubalulekile ukuba amehlo akho ahlolwe ngugqirha wamehlo rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni izifo ezifana ne-glaucoma kwangethuba.
2. Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko: Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko xa usenza umsebenzi ofana nokuwelda, ukusika isinyithi, okanye ukudlala imidlalo. Umonakalo onokwenziwa emehlweni akho ngokungakhathali unokuba mkhulu kakhulu.
3. Kuphephe ukutshaya: Ukutshaya kuyandisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezifana ne-cataracts kunye ne-macular degeneration.
4. Fumana ukutya okunempilo: Imifuno eluhlaza, iziqhamo (ingakumbi ezo zityebileyo kwi-vitamin A njengeekherothi kunye neebhatata), kunye nokutya okutyebileyo kwi-omega-3s njengeentlanzi zilungile kakhulu kwimpilo yamehlo.
5. Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Izifo ezifana nokutyeba kakhulu nesifo seswekile zinokuwonakalisa amehlo akho. Ngoko ke, phila ubomi obusempilweni.
6. Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu: Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, kwiintlungu, okanye nantoni na engaqhelekanga, musa ukuyityeshela. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Amehlo ethu sisitho esintsonkothileyo nesixabisekileyo. Asebenza njengekhamera yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.
- Nokuba ucinga ukuba awunazo iingxaki zokubona, ukuvavanywa kwamehlo rhoqo ngugqirha wamehlo kunokukunceda uthintele izifo ezinzulu kwixesha elizayo.
- Nxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko xa usebenza naxa udlala imidlalo. Ukunxiba iiglasi zelanga ezine-UV xa uphuma elangeni nako kulungile emehlweni akho.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nokulahlekelwa yimbono ngequbuliso, ukukhanya okuphambi kwamehlo akho, okanye intlungu eqatha, yingxamiseko leyo. Yiya kugqirha ngoko nangoko.
- Ukutya okunempilo, ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nokugcina ubunzima obusempilweni kuchaphazela ngqo impilo yamehlo akho.
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