Ngaba nawe, osebenza efama, ungasifumana esi sifo? Masifunde ngqo nge (Farmer's Lung)!

Ingaba ungumlimi? Okanye ngaba ungumntu osebenza efama kwaye uhlala ejongene nezinto ezifana nengca, irhasi, nengca eyomileyo? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva uphelelwa ngumoya, ukhohlela, uzive ubuthathaka, okanye unomkhuhlane ngelixa usebenza ngezi zinto? Ukuba kunjalo, le yinto enokuba ibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Farmer's Lung."

Yintoni "iLung's Farmer"?

Ngamafutshane, olu luhlobo lwe- allergy oluchaphazela imiphunga yethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, lubangela ukudumba kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci ngaphakathi kwemiphunga yethu, i-alveoli, apho ioksijini itshintshiselana khona xa siphefumla. Oku kuthiwa yi -Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ngokwezonyango.

Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuphefumla uthuli oluvela kwingca ebolileyo, ingca eyomileyo, iinkozo, okanye ezinye izinto ezinxulumene nefama. Oku kwahlukile kancinci kwi-'allergic rhinitis' esihlala siyifumana kuthuli okanye kwi-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yingozi ngakumbi kune-allergies ezinjalo. Kuba, ukuba siqhubeka nokuphefumla ezi ngxenyana ze-mold, kukho ithuba elikhulu lomonakalo ongunaphakade emiphungeni yethu.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo eziphambili ze "Farmer's Lung"?

Ewe, le meko inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Nazi:

• `I-Acute Farmer's Lung`: Khawuthelekelele ukuba usebenze nenqwaba yengca enokubola. Kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokusebenza, ngequbuliso uqalisa iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukukhohlela, kunye nokuphefumla kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ezi mpawu zinokuphela kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa, ingakumbi emva kokuba ungekho kwindawo enokubola.
• I-Subacute Farmer's Lung: Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kokuba umntu echaphazeleke kakhulu kukungunda ixesha elide. Iimpawu zinokuvela kancinci kwaye zihlale ixesha elide. Usenokucinga, "Owu, ngumkhuhlane nje lo." Iimpawu zinokuba zingapheliyo okanye zibuye ziphele.
• Umphunga Womlimi Ongapheliyo: Oku kunokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngamanye amaxesha emva kokudibana kaninzi ngokukhawuleza, okanye emva kokudibana namanqanaba aphezulu okungunda. Iimpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci. Oku kuvutha okungapheliyo ekugqibeleni kunokukhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwemiphunga okungenakulungiseka . Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo.

Iimpawu zemeko 'ebukhali':

Ezi zifo zihlala zibonakala kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kokuchatshazelwa yisikhunta:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Ukukhwehlela(ihlala ikhwehlela elomileyo)
• Ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye uxinezelekile esifubeni
• Ukugodola (ukungcangcazela kunye nomkhuhlane)
• Ukudinwa
• Ifiva
• Iintlungu zomzimba, iintlungu zemisipha

Iimpawu zezifo ze-'Subacute' kunye ne-'Chronic':

Ezi mpawu zisenokufana nezo zesifo esiqatha, kodwa zikhula kancinci kancinci kwaye ziba nzima ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha.

• Kwinqanaba le-'subacute', ungaziva ngathi unomkhuhlane ongapheliyo .
• Kwimeko 'engapheliyo', unokufumana oku kulandelayo:
• Ndiziva ndiphelelwa ngumphefumlo kwaye ndiphelelwa ngamandla ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili (ingakumbi xa ndisenza nomsebenzi omncinci).
• Ukukhohlela nokudinwa kuyakhula kancinci kancinci, akunciphi.
• Ukwehla kobunzima kwenzeka ngengozi.
• Ukuqhwaba ngeminwe okanye ngeenyawo (ukuqhwaba ngeminwe okanye ngeenyawo) .

Kutheni le nto le "Farmer's Lung" iphuhliswa?

Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba iintlobo ezithile zesikhunta zikhula kwizinto ezifana nengca, ingca eyomileyo, kunye neenkozo. Xa ezi nkuni ziphazanyiswa yinto yangaphandle (umzekelo, xa inqwaba yengca iphukile okanye ingxowa yengqolowa itsalwa), isikhunta sikhupha amasuntswana (`amasuntswana`) amancinci kakhulu ukuba angabonwa ngamehlo enyama emoyeni.

Xa siphefumla ezi zinto, inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela isabela ngokugqithisileyo , nto leyo ebangela ukudumba emiphungeni. Oku kufana nokusabela kwe-allergy.

Khawucinge nje, umzimba wethu uyaziqonda ezi ngceba zesikhunta "njengotshaba." Xa sisabela okokuqala kwezi sikhunta, umzimba wethu wenza iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo ukuze sizibone kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa okwenzekayo kwiimeko "zomphunga womlimi" kunye nezinye iimeko ze-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis' kukuba njengoko siqhubeka sichatshazelwa yile allergen, umzimba wethu uba 'sensitive' ngakumbi, nto leyo eyenza impendulo elandelayo ibe mandundu nangakumbi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le mpendulo inzima yonakalisa ii-air sacs (alveoli) emiphungeni yethu kunye neendlela zomoya ezincinci ezikhokelela kuzo. Lo monakalo yiwo obangela ukuba iimpawu zikhule kancinci kancinci.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Ukuba usebenza ngengca okanye iinkozo ezikhuntayo, okanye ukuba uhlala ukwindawo enjalo, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, xa ingca kunye neenkozo zimanzi kwaye zinokukhula ngakumbi. Ke ngoko, umngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi ngala maxesha.

Aba bantu basengozini enkulu yokuba "namaphaphu omlimi":

• Abantu abasebenza kwiifama zobisi
• Abo basebenza ngokucubungula nokulayisha iinkozo
• Abantu abaphatha ingca okanye ingca eyomileyo (ingakumbi xa beqhekeza iibheli zengca enokuba ngundo)
• Abantu abachitha ixesha elininzi kwizitali
• Abantu abasebenza kwi-zoo
• Abantu abangasebenzisi izixhobo ezizenzekelayo ukuphatha izinto ezifana nengca kunye neenkozo (oko kukuthi, abantu abenza uninzi lwale nto basebenza ngesandla)
• Abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 ukuya kwengama-70 ubudala (abaxhaphake kakhulu kweli qela leminyaka)

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Ukuqhubeka nokuvezwa kwimingundo ebangela "imiphunga yomlimi" kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinkulu. Ezona zibalulekileyo zezi:

• Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga (pulmonary fibrosis): Oku kubangela ukuba imiphunga ilahlekelwe bukuguquguquka kwayo kwaye isebenze kakubi. Ukuphefumla kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu phakathi kwentliziyo nemiphunga (i-pulmonary hypertension): Xa imiphunga yonakele, intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi emiphungeni. Oku kunokuchaphazela nentliziyo.

Uyixilonga njani le nto?

Ugqirha uxilonga "i-Farmer's Lung" emva kokuqwalasela izinto ezahlukeneyo.

• Iimpawu zakho (indlela oziva ngayo, ixesha osele unazo, njl.njl.)
• Imbali yakho yempilo (izifo zangaphambili, amayeza owasebenzisayo)
• Uvavanyo lomzimba (ugqirha uyakuhlola)
• Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo:
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo, olufana ne-'Hypersensitivity pneumonitis panel', lunokujonga ukuba umzimba wakho usabela kwiiproteni ezibangela 'umphunga womlimi' kunye nezinye iimeko ze-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis'.
• Ukufotwa kwemiphunga: Kwenziwa i-X-ray yesifuba okanye i-CT scan ukujonga umonakalo, ukudumba, okanye amanxeba emiphungeni.
• Uvavanyo lomsebenzi wemiphunga: Oku kuquka ukuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle komatshini okhethekileyo ukuze kulinganiswe ukuba imiphunga yakho isebenza kakuhle kangakanani na kunye nokuba ungakanani umoya onokuwuphefumla nokuwukhupha.
• I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, phantsi kwe-anesthesia, ityhubhu enekhamera encinci idluliselwa ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni iye emiphungeni ukuze ijonge ingaphakathi lemiphunga kwaye ithathe iisampulu ezincinci zezicubu (ii-biopsy) ukuze zivavanywe.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu nakwisifo ukuze kuchongwe ukuba kukho ithuba lokuba umntu achaphazeleke yingcongconi kwindawo osebenza kuyo okanye ohlala kuyo .

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Ukuze unyange ngempumelelo "imiphunga yomlimi," kubalulekile ukuba uziphephe ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane ezibangela oku. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ukongeza, ugqirha wakho unokukunika unyango olufana nolu:

• Amayeza:
• Ii-Corticosteroids okanye amayeza okunciphisa umzimba:Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba emiphungeni. Umzekelo, amayeza anjenge-'prednisone', 'mycophenolate', kunye ne-'azathioprine' anokunikwa.
• Amayeza okulwa ne-fibrotic: Amayeza afana ne-pirfenidone kunye ne-nintedanib anokunciphisa izinga lokuqhekeka kwamanxeba emiphungeni.
• Ukuvuselelwa kweMiphunga: Uqheliso olukhethekileyo lokuphefumla, uqheliso lomzimba, kunye neengcebiso kunceda ukwenza ukuphefumla kube lula kwaye kuphucule umgangatho wobomi.
• Unyango lweoksijini: Ukuba inqanaba leoksijini egazini lakho liphantsi, unganikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo nge-cannula yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso.
• Ukufakelwa imiphunga: Ukuba imiphunga yonakele kakhulu kwaye inezibazi, ukufakelwa imiphunga kunokufuneka njengenyathelo lokugqibela.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Nokuba usebenzisa la mayeza kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango, ukuba uyaqhubeka ujongene nokungunda, esi sifo sinokuphinda sibuye. Kwaye kukho ithuba elikhulu lomonakalo osisigxina emiphungeni. Kwimiphunga "yomlimi" engapheliyo, umonakalo emiphungeni ngamanye amaxesha unokuqhubeka uba mandundu nasemva kokuba uphephe ngokupheleleyo ukungunda.

Ndingaphila ngokukhawuleza kangakanani emva konyango?

Ukuba une-'Acute' (enzima) `Farmer's Lung`, unokuqala ukuziva ungcono emva nje kokuba uphephe ukungunda okubangela esi sifo (mhlawumbi kwiiyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa). Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuba ukudumba kwimiphunga yakho kuphole ngokupheleleyo. Kuzo zombini iimeko ze-'Acute' kunye ne-'Chronic', omnye umonakalo unokuba ngowonaphakade .

Yintoni enokulindelwa ngumntu onesifo "somfama"?

Oku kuxhomekeke ekubeni unexesha elingakanani "umphunga womlimi" kwaye unzima kangakanani.

• Iimeko 'ezibukhali' zihlala zisiba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa kuphela ukuba awuzange uphinde uvelelwe kukungunda.
• Imeko ethi ``subacute`` (encinci kakhulu) inokuhlala iinyanga ezininzi. Oku kudla ngokufuna unyango ngamayeza.
• "Iphaphu lomlimi" elingapheliyo lidla ngokuba nzima ukulinyanga ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza anokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kwaye enze ubomi bube lula kancinci.

Ngaba ungaphila ngokupheleleyo kwi "Farmer's Lung"?

Iintlobo ezibukhali nezingaphantsi kwesikhumba "somphunga womlimi" zinokunyangwa , kodwa kubalulekile ukuphepha ukuvezwa kukungunda. Amayeza anokufuneka ukunciphisa ukudumba.

Nangona kunjalo, "imiphunga yomlimi" engapheliyo idla ngokubangela umonakalo emiphungeni (ingakumbi amanxeba - i-fibrosis).Ayinakuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango kunye nokuphepha ukungunda kunokunciphisa umonakalo ongakumbi.

Ngaba oku kunefuthe kwixesha lokuphila ubomi obulindelekileyo?

Ixesha lokusinda emva kokufunyaniswa kwe-'Chronic' Farmer's Lung' lixhomekeke ekubeni imiphunga yonakele na kwaye umonakalo unzima kangakanani. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimeko ze-'hypersensitivity pneumonitis', ixesha lokusinda eliqikelelweyo lilandelayo:

• Umntu ongenazibazi (fibrosis) emiphungeni unokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kwe-15 emva kokuba efunyaniswe ukuba unesifo.
• Umntu onezibazi (fibrosis) emiphungeni, kodwa kungekho monakalo mkhulu (umz., ukubola kwemiphunga), unokuphila iminyaka emalunga ne-8 emva kokuba efunyenwe enesi sifo.
• Umntu onomonakalo omkhulu emaphaphu (i-fibrosis kunye ne-honeycomb) unokuphila iminyaka emalunga nemi-3 emva kokuba efunyenwe ene-HIV.

Nangona kunjalo, ukufakelwa imiphunga kunokwandisa la maxesha. Musa ukothuka ngala manani, ziingqikelelo nje eziqikelelweyo. Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ukuze wazi kakuhle imeko yakho.

Ungayithintela njani le nto?

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuzikhusela "kwimiphunga yomlimi" kukuphepha ukuvezwa kwimiphunga ebangela oko. Ukuba usebenza ngezinto ezinokukhulisa umngundo, ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho:

• Ingca emanzi, iinkozo, kunye nezinye iimveliso zasefama kufuneka zivunyelwe zome kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba zisetyenziswe okanye zigcinwe.
• Gcina izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwiindawo ezinomoya ococekileyo ukuthintela ukuba ukungunda kungenzeki .
• Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa oomatshini abazenzekelayo endaweni yokuphatha ngesandla izinto ezinokungunda, njengengca kunye neenkozo.
• Xa usebenza ngezinto ezinokukhulisa isikhunta, ezifana nengca kunye neenkozo, kubalulekile ukunxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela zobuqu (PPE). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunxiba imaski elungileyo ehluza amasuntswana amancinci .
• Xa ucoca iindawo ezinothuli, sebenzisa ilaphu elimanzi ukucoca ngaphandle kokuvusa uthuli. Oku kuya kunciphisa inani lamasuntswana esikhunta akhutshwa emoyeni.
• Qinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo ezinezixhobo ezithandwa kukungunda zinomoya ococekileyo.

Ndingazinyamekela njani (Ukuzinyamekela)?

Ukuba ugqirha ufumanise ukuba une-Farmer's Lung, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze niyile icebo lokunciphisa umonakalo ongakumbi kwimiphunga yakho.

• Sela onke amayeza achazwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo nangexesha elifanelekileyo.
• Izinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukuphucula ukusebenza kwemiphunga yakhoBuza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuzivocavoca umzimba okukhethekileyo okanye ukuphefumla.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

• Ukuba uneempawu ezingapheliyo ezifana nokukhohlela nobunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukuba zibonakala zisiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Ukuba sele unayo iFarmer's Lung, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu .

Yeyiphi imibuzo omele uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa undwendwela ugqirha, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Ndingakuphepha njani ukuchanabeka kwiinkuni ezibangela "imiphunga yomlimi"?
• Ingaba imiphunga yam yonakele? Imbi kangakanani?
• Ngaba lo monakalo ungabuyiselwa umva?
• Ndingawasebenzisa njani la mayeza? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Ndingalindela ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndilulame?
• Ndingabuya nini kwakhona kugqirha?

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

"I-Farmer's lung" sisifo esinokonakalisa imiphunga yakho ukuba uhlala ujongene nezinto ezifana nengca ebolileyo kunye neenkozo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, ungawuphepha umonakalo omkhulu nohlala uhleli.

Ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu zemiphunga ezingapheliyo – okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba “oku ngumkhuhlane nje ombi” – kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Farmer's Lung, thetha nogqirha wakho ngobunzulu bemeko yakho. Ugqirha wakho angakunceda uphuhlise isicwangciso sento omawuyilindele kunye nento onokuyenza ukuze wenze ukuphefumla kwakho kube lula kwaye uphucule umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Umphunga woMlimi, Umphunga woMlimi, isifo semiphunga, ukunganyamezelani komzimba, ukungunda, ukulima, iingxaki zokuphefumla