Ngaba ungumama oza kuzalwa? Okanye uceba ukongeza ilungu elitsha kusapho lwakho? Oko sikuthethayo kuya kuba kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Sonke siyazi ukuba ukutya, iziselo, kunye nokuziphatha esikutyayo ngexesha lokukhulelwa kuchaphazela ngqo umntwana. Ngaba ubusazi ukuba impazamo encinci eyenziwe ngeli xesha, ukucinga ukuba 'isiselo esincinci silungile', inokutshintsha ubomi bonke bomntwana? Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enzima kangaka, kodwa enokuthintelwa yi-100%.
Yintoni i-fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?
Ngamafutshane, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yimeko yempilo eyenzeka kwimveku xa umama esela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Khawucinge ngeqela leempawu ezinxulumene nesifo esifanayo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-'syndrome'.
Le meko yeyona nto imbi kakhulu kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zezifo. Siyibiza ngokuba yi- Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) . Ifana ne-spectrum. Kwelinye icala, kukho iziphumo ezingephi, kwaye kwelinye icala, kukho iziphumo ezibi kakhulu. Eso siphumo sibi kakhulu yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS).
Into ebuhlungu kukuba le yimeko engapheliyo ubomi bonke . Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba le meko inokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuyeka utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Khumbula, nokuba sisixa esincinci sotywala osiselayo sinokulimaza umntwana wakho osakhula.
Ziziphi ezinye iimeko eziwela phantsi kodidi olubanzi lwe-FASD?
Xa umntwana efumana utywala esibelekweni, bunokuchaphazela ukukhula komntwana ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zeziphumo zincinci kakhulu, ngelixa ezinye zinzima kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeemeko eziphambili eziwela phantsi kwesihloko esibanzi se-FASD.
| Igama leMeko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifo sotywala esingenanxalenye kwimveku (pFAS) | Aba bantu banezinye zeempawu ze-FAS (umzekelo, utshintsho lobuso), kodwa abanazo zonke iimpawu ezifunekayo ukuze kufunyaniswe i-FAS epheleleyo. |
| Ingxaki Yophuhliso Lweengqondo Enxulumene Notywala (ARND) | Aba bantu baneengxaki ezifana nokuba nenkani, ukungakwazi ukuhoya, ukungakwazi ukukhetha okulungileyo kokubi, kunye nokusebenza kakubi esikolweni. |
| Iziphene zokuzalwa ezinxulumene notywala (ARBD) | Ezi ziziphene zomzimba zokuzalwa ezinokuchaphazela amalungu anjengentliziyo, amehlo, amathambo, iindlebe kunye nezintso. |
| Ingxaki Yokuziphatha Enxulumene Nokuchatshazelwa Kotywala Ngaphambi Kokuzalwa (ND-PAE) | Aba bantwana banobunzima bokwenza nemisebenzi elula yemihla ngemihla (njengokuhlamba). Abazi ukuba baziphatha njani eluntwini, bakhawuleza bacaphuke, kwaye inkumbulo yabo ayisebenzi kakuhle. |
Kutheni utywala buyingozi ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Naluphi na utywala (iwayini, ibhiya, utywala) obuselwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa bungena ngqo egazini lomntwana ngentambo yosana. Ingxaki kukuba, umzimba womntwana awukwazi ukucola utywala njengomzimba womntu omdala. Ngoko ke utywala buhlala emzimbeni womntwana ixesha elide . Oku kuphazamisa kakhulu ukukhula komntwana, ingakumbi ingqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili ezibangela ukuba utywala bube yingozi kumntwana:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kweeseli: Utywala bunokutshabalalisa iiseli kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba womntwana, nto leyo ebangela ukukhula okungaqhelekanga.
- Ukuphazamisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo: Kuphazamisa indlela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikhula ngayo, zihambela kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo engqondweni, kwaye zisebenze.
- Ukuncipha kokunikezelwa kwegazi: Utywala bubangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe, nto leyo enciphisa inani legazi elifikelela kwi-placenta, enika umntwana ukutya kunye ne-oksijini. Oku kubangela ukuba umntwana angabi nayo i-oksijini kunye nezondlo azidingayo.
- Ukuveliswa kweetyhefu: Iimveliso ezinobungozi eziveliswa yimizimba yethu xa isela utywala ziya kwiiseli zobuchopho bomntwana kwaye zizonakalisa.
Ukusela utywala nangaliphi na ixesha ngexesha lokukhulelwa kunokulimaza umntwana. Akukho 'xesha lokukhulelwa elikhuselekileyo'. Amalungu omzimba anjengengqondo yomntwana ayaqhubeka nokukhula kulo lonke ixesha lokukhulelwa.
Musa ukusela utywala nangona uceba ukuba nomntwana!
Uninzi lwabasetyhini alufumani ukuba bakhulelwe de kube malunga neeveki ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6. Ezi veki zimbalwa zokuqala zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni komntwana. Ukusela utywala ngokungazi ngeli xesha kunokuba yingozi kakhulu kumntwana. Ngoko ke ukuba uceba ukuba nomntwana, kungcono ukuba ungabandakanyeki notywala ngokupheleleyo ukususela ngelo xesha.
Kuthatha utywala obungakanani ukuze kubangele le meko?
Akukho mda koku. Iwayini encinci, ibhiya, utywala obuncinci... nokuba usela luphi uhlobo lotywala, kukho umngcipheko. Akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-alcohol ekhuselekileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ke ngoko, eyona nto ilungileyo nekhuselekileyo onokuyenza kukuyeka ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo.
Zithini iimpawu zale meko?
Ayingabo bonke abantwana abane-FAS abafanayo. Abanye basenokuba neempawu ezimbalwa, ngelixa abanye banokuba nazo phantse zonke. Ezi zinokuba yimingeni yomzimba neyengqondo.
| Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-FAS | |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu ezinokubonakala ekuzalweni nasebuntwaneni | |
| Iimpawu zobuso ezingaqhelekanga | Umqolo ophakathi kwempumlo nomlebe ongaphezulu uba tyaba, umlebe ongaphezulu uba mncinci kakhulu, namehlo aba mancinci. |
| Iingxaki zokukhula | Ubunzima obuphantsi bokuzalwa, ubude obufutshane, ubukhulu bentloko encinci. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Ubunzima bokulala nokuncancisa, ukubona okanye ukuva. |
| Iimpawu ezibonakala ebuntwaneni nasemva koko | |
| Iingxaki zokufunda nobukrelekrele | Ukulibaziseka ekuphuhlisweni kolwimi nokuthetha, iingxaki zokufunda, i-IQ ephantsi, kunye nokungakhumbuli kakuhle ixesha elifutshane. |
| Iingxaki zokuziphatha | Ubunzima bokunikel’ ingqalelo, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ubunzima bokuqonda okulungileyo kokubi kunye nesizathu nesiphumo. |
| Imiba yentlalo | Ubunzima bokuqonda umahluko phakathi kokwenyani kunye nephupha, ukusebenza kakubi esikolweni, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinto. |
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?
I-FAS ngamanye amaxesha inokuba nzima ukuyixilonga kuba akukho vavanyo lwegazi oluchanekileyo lwayo, kwaye ayingabo bonke oomama abaxelela oogqirha babo ngokuchanekileyo ukuba basele utywala okanye hayi ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
Ugqirha wezingane uhlala efumanisa le meko ngokuqwalasela izinto ezininzi:
- Imbali yoomama: Ulwazi lokuba umama wayesele utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Iimpawu zomzimba: Iimpawu ezithile ezingaqhelekanga ebusweni bomntwana (njengomlomo ongaphezulu obhityileyo, amehlo amancinci).
- Ukukhula: Ukuncipha kobude nobunzima ekuzalweni nasekukhuleni.
- Ukuziphatha nokufunda: Iingxaki zokulawula ukuziphatha kunye neemvakalelo (ukungakwazi ukuqaphela, ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo, ukungakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kokulungileyo nokungalunganga).
Ngamanye amaxesha ezi mpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo, ezifana ne -autism spectrum disorder (ASD) okanye i-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) . Ngoko ke, uncedo logqirha onamava lubalulekile ukuze kufunyanwe ngokuchanekileyo imeko.
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, isifo sotywala esibangelwa kukuzalwa komntwana asinakunyangeka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuchonga nokunyanga iimpawu kwasekuqaleni kunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni komntwana nakwikamva lakhe.
Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:
- Amayeza: Lawula ezinye iimpawu (umzekelo, iingxaki zokuqwalasela kunye nokuziphatha).
- Unyango lokuziphatha kunye nemfundo: Uncedo ngeengxaki zokufunda zomntwana kunye neemvakalelo.
- Uqeqesho lwabazali: Abazali bafundiswa ngeyona ndlela ingcono yokunceda umntwana wabo. Abazali bafundiswa ukumisela iinkqubo nemithetho eya kunceda umntwana wabo ukuba aziqhelanise neemeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukuba nekhaya elinothando, elizinzileyo nelixhasayo kunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingxaki zengqondo nezeemvakalelo zomntwana one-FAS kwixesha elizayo.
Ingaba le meko ichaphazela nabantu abadala?
Ewe. Le meko ayipheli. Umntu ozelwe enayo kufuneka aphile neempawu zayo ubomi bakhe bonke. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ingakumbi ukuba ayinyangwanga kakuhle ebuntwaneni, iziphumo zezinye zinokuvela.
Ezi azizompawu ezibangelwa yi-FAS ngokwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ne-FAS kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezongezelelweyo kamva ebomini.
- Ukubakho kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo.
- Ukuba neengxaki esikolweni okanye emthethweni.
- Ukuchitha ixesha kwiindawo zempilo yengqondo, kwiindawo zokulungisa iziyobisi, okanye kwiintolongo.
- Kunzima ukuhlala wedwa.
- Ubunzima bokufumana okanye ukugcina umsebenzi.
Singayithintela njani le meko imbi kangaka?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo kweli nqaku. Ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa sesona sizathu siphambili sokukhubazeka kokuzalwa okunokuthintelwa kunye nokukhubazeka kokukhula.
I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) inokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokungaseli utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.
Ukuba sele usele utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ungoyiki. Yeka ngoku. Akukaze kube kudala ukuyeka. Ekubeni ingqondo yomntwana ikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ungayinciphisa ingozi kumntwana ukususela ngexesha oyeka ngalo. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto ngoko nangoko. Oku kuya kukunceda wenze izicwangciso ezifunekayo zekamva lomntwana wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sotywala esibangelwa kukungaseli komntwana (i-FAS) sibangelwa kukuba umama usela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Akukho 'xesha likhuselekileyo' okanye 'ixesha elikhuselekileyo' lokusebenzisa utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Nokuba tywala buncinci bunokuba yingozi.
- Le yimeko engapheliyo ubomi bonke.
- Le meko ingathintelwa ngokupheleleyo ngokuyeka ngokupheleleyo utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa naxa uzama ukukhulelwa.
- Ukuba ubusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, yeka ngoko nangoko uze uthethe nogqirha wakho. Ukufumana uncedo kwangethuba kunokunceda ukunciphisa iziphumo ezinokubakho kumntwana wakho.
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