Oko kufuneka ukwazi malunga ne-hallucinogens

Ngaba wakha weva ukuba abanye abantu babona izinto ezingekhoyo, beva izandi ezingekhoyo? Okanye baziva ngathi bajongwa ngaphandle kwemizimba yabo? Ezi azizozinto ezicingelwayo. Ezi zinokubangelwa ziziyobisi zengqondo, okanye njengoko sitsho ngesiNgesi, ``(Hallucinogens)''. Ezi ziyingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngezinto ezi zinto, izinto ezizenzayo engqondweni, kunye neengozi zazo.

Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zinto zibangela ukuba umntu angaboni kakuhle?

Amayeza e-Psychotropic liqela lamayeza atshintsha ngokupheleleyo ingqondo yomntu kunye nendlela aqonda ngayo izinto ezimngqongileyo. Akwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Psychedelics." Xa esetyenziswa, iingcinga neemvakalelo zomntu ziyatshintsha ngokungalawulekiyo. Amanye amayeza e-psychotropic enziwe ngokwenziwa, oko kuthetha ukuba enziwa kwiilabhoratri. Amanye ngamayeza endalo afumaneka kwizityalo ezithile nakwifungi.

Xa usebenzisa la mayeza, uqala ukubona, ukuva, nokuva izinto ezingekhoyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi "Hallucinations." Oko kukuthi, ukubona imifanekiso, izandi, kunye neemvakalelo ezingekhoyo kwihlabathi lokwenyani. Abanye abantu abakwazi ukuzilawula xa bethatha ezi zinto, kwaye bazive ngathi bahlukene nemizimba yabo kunye neendawo ezibangqongileyo.

Nangona iziphumo zale ziyobisi zahlukile, zonke zichaphazela iimvakalelo zakho, iingcinga zakho kunye neemvakalelo zakho. Xa umntu ephenjelelwa yenye yezi ziyobisi, kuthiwa "kukukhubeka." La mava anokuba mahle okanye mabi. Amava amahle abizwa ngokuba "luhambo oluhle," ngelixa amava ayingozi, awoyikisayo abizwa ngokuba "luhambo olubi."

Ngokwembali, abantu bebesebenzisa la mayeza kangangeminyaka emininzi kwimibhiyozo yonqulo nasekuphiliseni izifo ezithile. Kodwa kutshanje, abantu baye baqhela ukuwasebenzisa ngeenjongo zokuzonwabisa. Ngokwezonyango, la mayeza akakhuselekanga kwaphela ukuwasebenzisa. Nangona kunjalo, izazinzulu ngoku ziphonononga ukuba angasetyenziswa na ukunyanga izifo ezithile zengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba, phantsi kweliso likagqirha.

La mayeza ayichaphazela njani ingqondo?

Ngamafutshane, iziyobisi zengqondo ziphazamisa uthungelwano lwezithunywa zamakhemikhali ezingqondweni zethu. Kufana nokunika umyalezo ongafanelekanga kumthunywa aze awusasaze kuyo yonke indawo.

Umzekelo, amanye amayeza e-psychotropic aphazamisana nekhemikhali esebuchotsheni bethu ebizwa ngokuba yi-serotonin. Le serotonin yi-neurotransmitter elawula izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Sisithunywa esincinci esithwala ulwazi engqondweni.

Izinto ezilawulwa yi-serotonin zezi:

• Ukulala kwethu
• Indlala
• Isimo sengqondo
• Ubushushu bomzimba
• Ukuqonda ngokweemvakalelo

Amanye amayeza e-psychotropic achaphazela i-glutamate ye-neurotransmitter. Ulawulo lwe-glutamate:

• Iimvakalelo zethu
• Indlela intlungu evakalelwa ngayo
• Ukufunda kunye nenkumbulo
• Indlela esisabela ngayo kwimeko-bume

Xa ezi nkqubo zemiyalezo ziphazamisekile, indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo itshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo loo nto sibona kwaye sizive izinto ezingezizo zokwenyani.

Iindidi eziqhelekileyo zamayeza e-psychotropic

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zala mayeza. Makhe sithethe ngezinye zezona ziphambili ngokwahlukeneyo.

I-LSD (i-lysergic acid diethylamide)

I-LSD yenye yeekhemikhali ezinamandla kakhulu ezitshintsha ingqondo emhlabeni. Yenziwe ngekhemikhali ebizwa ngokuba yi-lysergic acid, ekhutshwa kwi-fungus ekhula kwiinkozo ezifana ne-rye. I-LSD, okanye "i-acid," yinto emhlophe engenambala. Idla ngokuthathwa ngokufunxa ulwelo kwiingcezu ezincinci zephepha, njengephepha elicimayo, kwaye ubeke iziqwenga zephepha ("iithebhu") phantsi kolwimi. Ngamanye amaxesha ifumaneka kwifomu yethebhulethi.

Phantsi kwempembelelo ye-LSD, umntu ulahlekelwa kukunxibelelana nenyaniso. Banokuba namava angaphaya kwawemvelo baze babone imibono. Ngamanye amaxesha neemvakalelo ziyabhideka. Umzekelo, izandi zinokubonwa njengevumba, kwaye imibala inokuviwa njengezandi. Iziphumo zinokuhlala malunga neeyure ezi-9 ukuya kwezi-12.

Nangona kuthiwa i-LSD ayibangeli umlutha, oko akuthethi ukuba ayiyongozi. Ngokuqhubeka nokusetyenziswa, umzimba uyaqhelana nayo (ukuyinyamezela). Emva koko, ukuze ufumane amava afana nawangaphambili, idosi esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka yonyuswe.

I-Peyote

I-Peyote yi-cactus encinci engenameva. Isithako esisebenzayo kuyo yi-mescaline. Yinto yendalo efumaneka kule cactus. Abantu bayayiqhekeza imidumba, bayomise, baze bayihlafune. Okanye bayifake emanzini baze basele amanzi.

Kuthatha malunga ne-0.3-0.5 grams ye-mescaline ukuvelisa iziphumo zayo ezichaphazela ingqondo, kwaye iziphumo zayo zihlala malunga neeyure ezili-12. Ngenxa yencasa yayo ekrakra, abanye abantu bayibilisa i-cactus iiyure ezininzi baze bayisele njengeti. Kukwakho neendlela zokwenziwa ze-mescaline.

I-Psilocybin - IiMushroom Zomlingo

I-Psilocybin yikhemikhali efumaneka kuhlobo oluthile lwekhowa olukhula kwimimandla eshushu yase-United States, eMexico, nakwamanye aseMzantsi Melika. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba "yi-magic mushrooms" okanye "yi-shrooms."

Le khowa ingatyiwa iphekiwe, ibilisiwe, okanye ityiwe iluhlaza. Ukuze kupheliswe incasa ekrakra, abanye abantu bayixuba netshokholethi baze bayitye.

I-Psilocybin inokuba nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo. Ingahluka ukusuka kwimvakalelo egqithisileyo ukuya ekungakwazini ukwenza izigqibo ezilungileyo. "Uhambo olubi" lungabandakanya ukubona izinto ezoyikisayo, ukoyika okukhulu, ukudakumba, okanye ukuhlaselwa luloyiko.

I-PCP (i-phencyclidine)

Nangona ifinyeziwe njenge-PCP, igama layo elipheleleyo yi-phenylcyclohexyl piperidine. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"angel dust". Iza ngeendlela ezininzi, kuquka ulwelo, umgubo, iipilisi, kunye neekhaphu. Abantu bayayiginya, bayayikrwitsha, bayayijova, okanye bayayitshaya.

Okumangalisayo kukuba, ngeminyaka yoo-1950, ichiza i-PCP laqaliswa njengeyeza lokuthomalalisa iintlungu, oko kukuthi, ichiza elibangela ukungazi nto. Kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwalo kwayekwa ngokupheleleyo ngo-1965 ngenxa yeziphumo zalo ezimbi kakhulu.

I-PCP ibangela ukuziva ngathi ungaphandle komzimba wakho. Njengoko iziphumo ziphela, umntu uyaphazamiseka kakhulu aze angabi nangqondo, enomzimba ongenangqondo. Xa kusenziwa iidosi eziphezulu, ukuxhuzula, i-coma, kwanokufa kunokwenzeka.

I-Ketamine

I-Ketamine sisithomalalisi-zintlungu esisetyenziswa ngexesha lotyando ebantwini nakwizilwanyana. Uninzi lwe-ketamine esetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni ibiwa kwizibhedlele zezilwanyana. Abantu bayayifutha njengomgubo, bayiginye njengepilisi, okanye bayifake njengolwelo. I-Ketamine inokubangela ukuziva ngathi ungaphandle komzimba wakho.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziyingozi zezi ziyobisi

Iziphumo ezimbi ezibangelwa kukusebenzisa la mayeza achaphazela ingqondo zixhaphake kakhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ziqulathe iikhemikhali ezininzi ezichaphazela ingqondo. Ezi ziphumo zixhomekeke kubungakanani obusetyenzisiweyo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zeziphumo eziqhelekileyo.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezithile ze-PCP

I-PCP liyeza elibangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezininzi eziyingozi.

• Kwidosi ephantsi nephakathi: Isantya sokuphefumla sinyuka kancinci, uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo sinyuka kakhulu. Ukuba ndindisholo kwimilenze, ukulahlekelwa kukulungelelana kwemisipha nako kunokwenzeka.
• Xa kusenziwa iidosi eziphezulu: Uxinzelelo lwegazi, isantya sentliziyo, kunye nokuphefumla kunokwehla ngequbuliso. Isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuvuza amathe, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi, kunye nesiyezi.

Ukusela kakhulu i-PCP kunokubangela ukuxhuzula, i-coma, kunye nokufa. Uninzi lokufa lwenzeka xa unxilile, nokuba kungengozi okanye ukuzibulala. I-PCP inokubangela ukunxila, ngoko ke ukuba ithathwa kunye nezinye izinto ezidambisa uxinzelelo lwe-nervous system, ezifana notywala, umngcipheko we-coma uphezulu kakhulu.

Ngaba kukho unyango?

Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bafuna unyango ngenxa "yohambo olubi," kuba basengozini yokuzenzakalisa.

Kwimeko ezinjalo, unyango luyaxhasa. Ugqirha uza kubeka isigulana kwigumbi elithuleyo elingenangxolo ingako kwaye livuselela iimvakalelo. Ngamanye amaxesha, amayeza anjenge-benzodiazepine anokunikwa ukulawula ukuxhuzula okanye ukuxhuzula okugqithisileyo.

Akukho nyango luthile lwengxaki yokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi (SUD). Nangona kunjalo, unyango lwasekhaya kunye nonyango lokuziphatha lunokuba luncedo kakhulu kubantu abanezi ngxaki.

Ngaba ezi azinakusetyenziswa njengeyeza?

Lo ngumbuzo obalulekileyo. Kutshanje, uphando lwe-psychedelic luye lwavela kwakhona kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo. Izifundo ezininzi zeklinikhi zibonise ukuba i-psilocybin yekhemikhali inokuba lukhetho oluthembisayo lonyango kwezinye iimeko zempilo yengqondo, ezinje ngokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba. Ukongeza, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba i-psilocybin inokuba luncedo ekunyangeni ezi meko zilandelayo:

• Iintloko ezibuhlungu zeqela
• Intlungu engaqhelekanga yelungu
• Intlungu engapheliyo

Nangona kunjalo, zonke ezi zinto zisesekwinqanaba lophando. Ukuba ezi zisetyenziswa njengamayeza, kufuneka zenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso elingqongqo lezonyango.