Indlela ukusela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa okukuchaphazela ngayo umntwana: Funda nge-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Ngaba ungumama ozayo? Okanye uceba ukongeza ilungu elitsha kusapho? Eli nqaku liza kuba libaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Sonke siyazi ukuba yonke into eyenziwa ngumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa ichaphazela umntwana osesiswini. Ingakumbi ukusela utywala kunokubangela ingozi engathethekiyo kumntwana osesiswini. Namhlanje sithetha ngemeko enzima kakhulu enokwenzeka ngolu hlobo.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)?

Ngamafutshane, i-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) yeyona meko imbi kakhulu enokwenzeka kumntwana xa ezalwa ngenxa yokuba umama esela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Ayisiyongxaki enye kuphela, kodwa yeyona imbi kakhulu kwiqela leemeko ezaziwa ngokuba yi-Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs).

Ezinye iimeko ezininzi ziwela kolu didi lwe-FASDs:

• Isifo Sotywala Esingenamqathango Esibangelwa Yinxalenye Yentlungu Yosana: Kule meko, umntwana ubonisa ezinye zeempawu ezinxulumene ne-FAS, kodwa akanazo zonke iimpawu ezipheleleyo.
• Iziphene Zokuzalwa Ezinxulumene Notywala: Kwimeko enjalo, utywala bunokubangela iziphene zokuzalwa kwizitho zomntwana ezifana nentliziyo, izintso kunye namathambo.
• Ingxaki Yophuhliso Lweengqondo Enxulumene Notywala: Apha, nangona kungekho tshintsho lukhulu ebusweni bomntwana, iingxaki ezinxulumene nophuhliso lwengqondo kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo (ukukhubazeka kokufunda, iingxaki zokuziphatha) ziyabonakala.
• Ingxaki Yokuziphatha Enxulumene Nokuchatshazelwa Kutywala Ngaphambi Kokuzalwa: Oku kuchaphazela amandla omntwana okucinga nokuqiqa, ukuzibamba, kunye nokukwazi ukwakha ubudlelwane nabantu .

Ezi meko ziyahluka kumntwana ngamnye. Abanye abantwana banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuchaphazeleka kakhulu. Into ebuhlungu kukuba, ezi mpawu zinokuba mandundu njengoko umntwana ekhula.

Yintoni unobangela wale meko?

Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuphela kwayo kwaye ingqalileyo kukuba umama usela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Isenokuba yiwayini, ibhiya, i-arrack, i-rum... naluphi na uhlobo lotywala.

Khawucinge nje, umzimba womntwana omncinci esibelekweni awukakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ingakumbi, isibindi sakhe asikwazi ukucubungula nokususa utywala njengomntu omdala. Ngoko ke xa umama esela utywala, olo tywala lungena emzimbeni womntwana ngaphandle kwesiphazamiso, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo omkhulu kwingqondo ekhulayo, entliziyweni, nakuwo onke amanye amalungu omzimba.

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba iingozi zibakho kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala kuphela. Enyanisweni, kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa,Ingqondo yomntwana ikhula ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ke ukusela utywala ngeli xesha yeyona nto inobungozi. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ezinye iixesha zokukhulelwa zikhuselekile. Ingqondo yomntwana iyaqhubeka nokukhula kwikota yesibini neyesithathu. Ngoko ke nokuba utywala obuncinci obuselwa ngeli xesha buyanele ukuphazamisa ukukhula komntwana.

Zithini iimpawu zomntwana one-FAS?

Iimpawu ze-FAS zibanzi kakhulu, kwaye ukuze kube lula, siza kuzihlulahlula zibe ziindidi ezahlukeneyo.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le meko?

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni ethile enokuqinisekisa i-FAS. Kwakhona, iimpawu zihlala zifana nezinye iimeko ezifana ne-ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ngakumbi ukuyifumanisa.

Ugqirha uqwalasela izinto ezininzi ukuze afumanise esi sifo:

• Iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga ebusweni bomntwana.
• Ukunciphisa ubude nobunzima ngenxa yobudala.
• Ubungakanani bentloko encinci.
• Iingxaki zokungakhathali kunye nokusebenza ngokugqithisileyo.
• Ubuthathaka ekudibaniseni umzimba.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumanisa ukuba umama wayesela utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, bubungakanani.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-FAS?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, i-FAS ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo kuba umonakalo obangelwe butywala awunakuguqulwa. Nangona kunjalo, unyango olujoliswe ngqo kwiimpawu ezithile zomntwana lunokwenza ubomi bakhe bube lula kakhulu.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango:

• Amayeza: Akukho mayeza athile e-FAS. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza athile (umz., izinto ezikhuthazayo, amayeza okudakumba) ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu ezinje ngokusebenza kakhulu, ubunzima bokugxila, ixhala, okanye ukudakumba.
• Unyango lonyango: Olu lubaluleke kakhulu.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Ngeengxaki zokuthetha.
• Unyango Lomsebenzi: Ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla nokuphuhlisa izakhono.
• Unyango Lomzimba: Ukulinganisela nokulungelelanisa umzimba.
• Inkxaso Yokuziphatha Nemfundo: Iinkonzo zemfundo ekhethekileyo zinceda ngeengxaki zokufunda kunye neengxaki zokuziphatha.
• Uqeqesho lwabazali: Abazali banikwa uqeqesho olukhethekileyo malunga nendlela yokujongana nomntwana one-FAS kunye nendlela yokulawula ukuziphatha kwakhe.
• Uqeqesho lwezakhono zentlalo: Lufundisa umntwana ukusebenzisana nabanye, ukwabelana, nokwenza abahlobo.

Zonke ezi ndlela zonyango kufuneka zilungelelaniswe neemfuno zomntwana, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto rhoqo.

Ingaphetshwa njani le meko iyingozi?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo neyanelisayo kweli nqaku. I-Fetal Alcohol Syndrome yimeko enokuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Inye kuphela into ekufuneka yenziwe.

Oko kukuthi, ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo utywala ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

• Ukuba unengxaki ngotywala okanye ukuba likhoboka lazo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha kunye nonyango ngaphambi kokuba ukhulelwe .
• Ukuba uceba ukuba nomntwana, yeka ukusela utywala kwangethuba uceba ukuba naye .
• Wakuba nje ufumanise ukuba ukhulelwe, okanye ukrokrela ukuba ukhulelwe, yeka ukusela utywala ngoko nangoko .
• Ukuba usabelana ngesondo kwaye awusebenzisi iindlela zokuthintela inzala, kuya kuba bubulumko ukuqwalasela ukuyeka ukusela utywala ngokupheleleyo, kuba usenokuba ukhulelwe ungazi nokuba ukhulelwe.