I-Fibrosarcoma: Masifunde ngakumbi ngalo mhlaza ungaqhelekanga

Ucinga ntoni xa ubona iqhuma okanye ithumba elitsha emzimbeni wakho, ingakumbi emlenzeni okanye engalweni yakho? Uninzi lwexesha, sicinga ukuba yinto eqhelekileyo kwaye singayinaki. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, nokuba yinto encinci njengaleyo inokuba yinto ekufuneka siyiqwalasele. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngomhlaza ongaqhelekanga kakhulu onokubonakala njengeqhuma. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-fibrosarcoma.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-fibrosarcoma?

I-Fibrosarcoma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza oluvela kwizicubu ezithambileyo. Kwizonyango, silubiza ngokuba yi-sarcoma. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni izicubu ezithambileyo. Kulula kakhulu. Zizicwili ezidibanisa kwaye zibambe amalungu ahlukeneyo omzimba wethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, izinto ezifana nemisipha kunye nemisipha edibanisa izinto ezifana namathambo kunye nemisipha emzimbeni wethu zezinye zezi zicubu ezidibeneyo.

Umhlaza we-Fibrosarcoma udla ngokukhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezingaphakathi emzimbeni. Uqheleke kakhulu emilenzeni (ejikeleze ithambo lesinqe okanye lethanga), ezingalweni ezingaphezulu, emadolweni, okanye esiqwini. Usenokukhula kancinci entlokweni okanye entanyeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, lo mhlaza ungakhula ngaphakathi kwamathambo okanye kwizicubu ezinxibelelanayo ezinemicu ezigubungela amathambo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ufumana olu xilongo, okulandela emva koko kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ubudala bakho, ubungakanani bomhlaza, kunye nendawo okhoyo konke oku kuya kudlala indima. Ugqirha wakho uza kuchaza yonke into ngokusekelwe kuxilongo lwakho.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto.

I-Fibrosarcoma inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zahlukile kakhulu enye kwenye.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Kudla ngokuthatha ixesha ukuba iimpawu ze-fibrosarcoma zibonakale. Ngenxa yokuba la mathumba akhula kwizicubu ezithambileyo ngaphakathi emzimbeni, usenokungaqapheli nto de ithumba libe likhulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba licinezele umthambo wegazi okufutshane.

Ezi ziimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezibonwayo:

• Iqhuma elithambileyo elingenabuhlungu okanye elibuhlungu kancinci: Oku kunokwenzeka emilenzeni, ezingalweni, okanye emqolo.
• Ukurhawuzelela okanye intlungu ebukhali nehlabayo: Ngamanye amaxesha sithi "iinaliti." Oku kusenokubangelwa luxinzelelo kumthambo okufutshane nethumba.
• Ukudumba okungaqhelekanga: Olu hlobo lokudumba lunokwenzeka xa ithumba licinezela imithambo yegazi.

Ezi mpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo ezingabalulekanga kangako, ngoko ke ngugqirha kuphela onokuqinisekisa ukuba olu tshintsho lubangelwa yi-fibrosarcoma okanye enye imeko eqhelekileyo, engeyomhlaza (engeyiyo).

Ziziphi izizathu kunye nezinto ezibangela umngcipheko we-fibrosarcoma?

Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-fibrosarcoma. Nangona kunjalo, kukholelwa ukuba utshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo kwiiseli ludlala indima. Ngamafutshane, utshintsho lwenzeka kwi-DNA kwiiseli zethu. Olu tshintsho lubangela ukuba iiseli zahlukane ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo, zenze iithumba ezinomhlaza.

Kuye kwafunyaniswa utshintsho oluqhelekileyo lwemfuza kwi-fibrosarcoma yobuntwana, ingakumbi. Malunga ne-90% yezi zinto zinxulumene neengxaki kusapho lwe-NTRK gene. Xa ezi gene zingasebenzi kakuhle, iithumba ezinomhlaza zinokuvela.

Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko

Abaphandi bafumanise ukuba ezinye iimeko zofuzo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba ne-fibrosarcoma.

• Iipolyposis ze-adenomatous zosapho
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1 `(Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1)`
• Isifo se-Nevoid basal cell carcinoma
• I-Retinoblastoma
• I-Tuberous sclerosis
• Isifo sikaWerner `(isifo sikaWerner)`

Ukongeza, ezinye izifo ezibangela oku kunokubangela:

• Ukufa kwamathambo (ukufa kweeseli zamathambo ngenxa yokuncipha kokuhamba kwegazi emathanjeni)
• Usulelo lwamathambo olungapheliyo (i-osteomyelitis engapheliyo)
• I-dysplasia ye-fibrous
• Isifo sePaget sethambo

Kukwakho nemiba enobungozi enxulumene nokusingqongileyo kunye nembali yakho yezonyango yangaphambili:

• Ndikhe ndafumana unyango lwemitha kwindawo apho umhlaza ukuyo ngaphambili.
• Ukutsha kakhulu apho umhlaza ukhoyo.
• Ukuvezwa kwiikhemikhali ezithile, ezifana ne-thorium dioxide, i-vinyl chloride, okanye i-arsenic.
• Ukuvezwa kwiindawo zesinyithi (umz. i-chromium, i-cobalt, i-nickel) ezifakwe emzimbeni ngotyando.

Ugqirha uyixilonga njani le nto? (Uxilongo)

Oogqirha benza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze bafumanise i-fibrosarcoma. Ulwazi oluvela kwezi mvavanyo luchaza inqanaba kunye nomgangatho womhlaza.

• I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo lokujonga imifanekiso olusetyenziswa ukuxilonga i-fibrosarcoma. Lungabonisa ngokucacileyo ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba, nokuba ingaba lichaphazela imithambo yegazi okanye imithambo-luvo.
• I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Le nkqubo isebenzisa uthotho lwee-X-rays kunye nekhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso ye-three-dimensional (3D) yezicubu zakho ezithambileyo kunye namathambo.
• I-Biopsy: Oku kuquka ukususa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwi-tumor (i-core needle biopsy) okanye i-tumor yonke (i-excisional biopsy) ukuze ihlolwe. Ingcali yezifo ihlola isicubu kwilebhu ukuze ibone ukuba sinazo na iiseli zomhlaza.
• I-Immunohistochemistry (IHC): Olu luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olusebenzisa iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingaba ithumba yi-fibrosarcoma okanye lolunye uhlobo lomhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo.

Zichongwa njani izigaba zomhlaza?

Oogqirha bahlula umhlaza ngokwamanqanaba ukuze babone ukuba usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unzulu kangakanani. Oku kuthathela ingqalelo ubungakanani bethumba, indawo elikuyo, kunye nokuba lisasazeke na. Bakwajonga "udidi" lomhlaza. Le yindlela ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli zomhlaza xa zijongwa ngemakroskopu. Iiseli ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga zithathwa njengeemhlaza "ezikumgangatho ophezulu", ezinokuba nolaka ngakumbi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ukuba isiphumo siza kuba yintoni emva konyango, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lwe-fibrosarcoma luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka impilo yakho iyonke, izinto ozikhethayo, kunye nohlobo lomhlaza.

Unyango lwe-fibrosarcoma yohlobo lwabantu abadala

• Utyando: Kule nkqubo, oogqirha basusa ithumba elinomhlaza kunye nenani elincinci lezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze lona ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ziseli zomhlaza eziseleyo.
• Unyango lweMisebe: Unyango lweMisebe lunokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba okanye kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali:Nangona abanye oogqirha benika olu nyango, aluzange luphumelele kakhulu kwi-fibrosarcoma yabantu abadala. Olu hlobo lomhlaza alusoloko lusabela kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy.

Unyango lwe-fibrosarcoma yosana

• Utyando: Kubantwana, ukususwa kwesi sifo ngotyando kunokusinyanga ngokupheleleyo.
• Unyango lwemisebe kunye/okanye i-chemotherapy: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iithumba ngaphambi kotyando okanye ukutshabalalisa iiseli eziseleyo emva koko. Ngokungafaniyo nohlobo lwabantu abadala, uninzi lwee-fibrosarcomas zobuntwana zisabela kakuhle kwi-chemotherapy.
• Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Olu nyango lunokuthintela iiseli ukuba zingahlukani ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yeengxaki zejini ethi `NTRK`. Oku kunokunciphisa iithumba kwaye kwenze utyando lube lula.

Injani imeko emva konyango? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)

Iziphumo ze-fibrosarcoma yosana zilungile kakhulu. Uninzi lwazo lunokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngokudibanisa utyando, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy, okanye unyango olujoliswe kulo. Izinga lokusinda kweminyaka eli-10 limalunga nama-90%. Ukuba utyando lunokususa ngempumelelo yonke imikhondo yomhlaza, elo nani lifikelela kwi-100%.

Imeko ye-fibrosarcoma eqala kubantu abadala iyinkimbinkimbi ngakumbi. Amaxesha amaninzi, la mathumba afunyanwa emva kokuba ekhule ngokwaneleyo ukuba achaphazele imithambo-luvo okanye ukuhamba kwegazi. Njengakuyo nayiphi na umhlaza, ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono. Xa umhlaza sele uqhubele phambili, kuba nzima ukunyanga. Malunga nesiqingatha sezigulane sinokuphinda sifumane esi sifo emva konyango.

Ukuba unale meko, uzinyamekela njani?

Abantu abaninzi baziva bengenakunceda xa befunyaniswa ukuba banomhlaza. Enye yezona ndlela zilungileyo zokujongana nezi mvakalelo kukuzinyamekela ngexesha nasemva konyango. Nazi ezinye zezinto onokuzenza:

• Qonda isicwangciso sakho sokulandelela: Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ulindele ntoni ngexesha lokuchacha nakwixesha lokulandela.
• Lawula ixhala: Ukuhlolwa rhoqo emva konyango kubalulekile ekufumaneni kwangethuba umhlaza uphinda ubuye. Kodwa kunokubangela ixhala. Thetha nomcebisi ngayo.
• Cela uncedo: Ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuludinga uncedo ngexesha lonyango lwakho. Abantu obathandayo basenokuba balinde ukukunceda. Baxelele indlela onokunceda ngayo.
• Gxila kwimikhwa emihle yempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga ngokwaneleyo, kunye nokulala kakuhle kubaluleke kakhulu.
• Phola:Unyango lomhlaza kunye nomhlaza lunokukwenza uzive udiniwe kakhulu. Cwangcisa ukuphumla kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngexesha lonyango.
• Yilwa noxinzelelo: Izinto ezinje ngokucamngca, ukuzivocavoca ngokuphumla, kunye nokuzivocavoca ngokuphefumla nzulu zinokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo.

Udinga nini ukubona ugqirha?

Emva konyango, uya kubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala uze emva koko umbone emva kwexesha elide kancinci kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwemihlanu. Ukuba i-fibrosarcoma iyaphinda ivele, nto leyo edla ngokwenzeka kwiminyaka emihlanu yokuqala, olu cwangciso luya kunceda ekufumaneni naluphi na ukuphinda ivele kwangethuba.

Ufanele uqhagamshelane nogqirha wakho nanini na xa kuvela amaqhuma amatsha okanye iintlungu ezintsha.

Kufuneka uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU)?

Iindlela ezininzi zonyango lomhlaza zichaphazela inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, nto leyo eyonyusa umngcipheko wokosuleleka. Nazi ezinye iimpawu ezinokufuna ukuba uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) ngexesha lonyango:

• Umkhuhlane ongama-38.3 degrees Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
• Ndiziva ndibanda kwaye ndingcangcazela.
• Ukukhohlela okune-mucus.
• Intlungu yesisu.
• Urhudo oluqhubekayo.
• Ukucaphuka nokuhlanza okungapheliyo.