Xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ukuba wenze uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Flow Cytometry', usenokuba noloyiko kancinci xa usiva igama. Usenokuba uzibuza, "Luyintoni olu vavanyo lungaqhelekanga?" Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokoyika. Alunzima okanye loyike njengoko unokucinga. Ngamafutshane, luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri olujonga iiseli emzimbeni wethu ngokweenkcukacha. Makhe sithethe ngalo ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-'Flow Cytometry'?
Khawuthelekelele uneentsimbi ezininzi ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo. Kufuneka ubale uze wahlule ezibomvu kuphela kunye neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela. Olu vavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Flow Cytometry' lwenza into efanayo, kodwa endaweni yeentsimbi, lusebenzisa iiseli ezivela emizimbeni yethu.
Olu luvavanyo olusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili kakhulu. Okwenzayo apha kukuba iiseli ezivela kwigazi, kumongo wethambo, okanye kwisampuli yezicubu ezithathwe kuwe zifakwa kulwelo zize zithunyelwe kumatshini okhethekileyo. Lo matshini uhlalutya ezo seli nganye nganye, ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Lo matshini unokuhlalutya malunga neeseli ezili-10,000 ngomzuzu nje omnye.
Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ikakhulu kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Bala iiseli: Bala inani elichanekileyo lohlobo oluthile lweseli kwisampulu.
- Hlela iiseli: Yahlula kwaye uchonge iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli enye kwenye.
- Jonga indlela eziziphatha ngayo kunye nomsebenzi weeseli: Jonga ukuba iiseli ziphilile na kwaye kukho naluphi na utshintsho olukhoyo kumsebenzi wazo.
- Ukuchonga umhlaza wegazi nomongo wamathambo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni nasekucwangciseni unyango lweemeko ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma.
- Khangela ii-biomarkers: Chonga izinto ezithile (iimpawu) ezinika izikhokelo malunga nendlela umhlaza oziphatha ngayo okanye indlela osabela ngayo kunyango.
- Ukuchonga iiseli ze-immunophenotyping: Chonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba.
Olu vavanyo lwenziwa nini?
Olu vavanyo lucetyiswa xa ugqirha efuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngeeseli emzimbeni wakho. Ngokukodwa, ukuba uqaphele naziphi na iingxaki kwiziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo (Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo - FBC/CBC), olu vavanyo lunokuyalelwa njengenyathelo elilandelayo. Umzekelo, ukuba ingxelo ye-FBC ibonisa ukwanda kwenani lee-lymphocytes, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba kukho iiseli zegazi ezingavuthwanga, olu vavanyo lunokujonga ngakumbi oku.
Kukho iimeko ezininzi eziphambili apho olu vavanyo lubalulekile khona:
- Umhlaza wegazi: Ukuchonga izifo ezifana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma kunye nokuchonga uhlobo lwazo oluchanekileyo.
- Ezinye iingxaki zegazi: Ukuchonga ezinye izifo ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa ezinzulu ezinxulumene negazi.
- Umsebenzi womzimba: Kwiimeko ezifana ne-HIV okanye ukungabikho komzimba ozalwe nawo, linganisa inani kunye nomsebenzi weeseli zomzimba.
- Unyango lomhlaza: Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga uhlobo lomhlaza (ukuba unamandla kangakanani), ukuba uyasabela na kunyango oluthile, kwaye nokuba isifo 'siphinde sabuya' na emva konyango.
Uvavanyo lwe-`Flow Cytometry` lusebenza njani ngokwenene?
Nangona igama lale nto liyinkimbinkimbi, le nkqubo ilula kakhulu xa uyiqonda inyathelo ngenyathelo. Kuya kuba luncedo kakhulu kuwe ukwazi ukuba oku kuya kukunceda ngantoni.
| Amanyathelo | Kwenzeka ntoni (ngokulula) |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukufumana isampulu | Ugqirha wakho uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho, umongo wethambo, okanye izicubu aze azithumele kwilebhu ukuze zivavanywe. |
| 2. Ukulungiswa kweeseli | Kwilabhoratri, le sampuli yeseli iyanyibilika kulwelo. Emva koko, iintlobo ezithile zeeseli "ziphawulwa" kusetyenziswa iidayi ezikhethekileyo ze-fluorescent. Kufana nokubeka izitikha ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli. |
| 3. Ukufaka kumatshini | Lo mxube weseli odaywe ngedayi ufakwa kwiFlow Cytometer . |
| 4. Umqadi welaser kunye nohlalutyo | Umatshini udlula umqadi welaser kwiiseli, nganye nganye, ngokulandelelana. Umatshini ulinganisa indlela ukukhanya okusasazeka ngayo njengoko kufikelela kwiseli nganye. Ipateni yokusasazeka ingasetyenziselwa ukuchonga uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nobunzima beseli. |
| 5. Ingxelo yedatha | Idatha efunyenweyo ihlalutywa yikhompyutha kwaye ingxelo yenziwa ngohlobo lweegrafu kunye namanqaku edatha. |
| 6. Inkcazo yengxelo | Ingcali kweli candelo, okanye ingcali yezifo , iya kufunda le ngxelo, ifake izigqibo zayo, ize ithumele ingxelo epheleleyo kugqirha wakho. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba yonke le nkqubo yenzeke ngaphakathi kwilebhu. Okufuneka ukwenze kukubonelela ngesampulu. Ngoko ke akufuneki ukhathazeke ngalo matshini okanye ngale nkqubo.
Zithini iziphumo?
Kungathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki ukufumana iziphumo. Ingcali yezifo iza kujonga ikakhulu iipateni zeempawu, okanye ii-antigens, kumphezulu weeseli zakho.
- Iiseli eziphilileyo: Iseli ephilileyo inepatheni eqhelekileyo yeempawu ezifanelekileyo kuhlobo lweseli kunye nokuvuthwa kwayo.
- Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga: Iseli engaqhelekanga, njengeseli yomhlaza, inendlela eyahlukileyo nengaqhelekanga yokuphawula.
`Ingcali yezifo` ichonga ezi ndlela aze alungiselele ingxelo.
Xa ugqirha wakho efumana le ngxelo, akayijongi nje aze enze isigqibo. Uyithelekisa neempawu zakho, imbali yakho yempilo iyonke, kunye novavanyo lomzimba lwakutshanje . Kulapho ke akuchazela khona ukuba iziphumo zithetha ukuthini.
Iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga zingabonisa iimeko ezifana nezi:
- I-leukemia ye-lymphoblastic ebukhali
- I-leukemia ye-acute myeloid
- I-leukemia engapheliyo ye-lymphocytic
- I-myeloma eninzi
- Ii-lymphomas ezingezizo zeHodgkin
Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?
Ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwiziphumo, ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngazo ngokweenkcukacha aze achaze amanyathelo alandelayo kunye neendlela zonyango.
Iziphumo zolu vavanyo lwe-`Flow Cytometry` zixabiseke kakhulu, kuba zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nezinto ezifana nezi:
- Ingaba esi sifo sinobundlongondlongo kangakanani?
- Ngaba naluphi na unyango oluthile luya kuphumelela?
- Iyintoni ingozi yokuba esi sifo siphinde sibuye emva konyango?
Isicwangciso sonyango esikufaneleyo siphuhliswa ngokuqwalasela zonke ezi zinto.
Ngamanye amaxesha, kufuneka uvavanyo oluninzi ukuze kufunyanwe isifo ngokuchanekileyo. Kunokukudinisa engqondweni nasemzimbeni. Kodwa khumbula, ulwazi olufunyenwe kuvavanyo olufana ne-'Flow Cytometry' lubaluleke kakhulu kugqirha wakho. Aluncedi nje kuphela ekuxilongeni isifo, kodwa lukwanceda ekuphuhliseni isicwangciso sonyango 'esilungiselelwe wena' esikhethekileyo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-'Flow Cytometry' ayilotyando okanye inkqubo eyoyikisayo. Luvavanyo olukhethekileyo olwenziwa kwilabhoratri kusetyenziswa isampuli ethathwe kuwe.
- Olu vavanyo lubonelela ngolwazi oluneenkcukacha ezininzi malunga neeseli zakho, nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni umhlaza wegazi kunye neengxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Okufuneka ukwenze kukubonelela ngesampulu, njengegazi. Okunye kwenzeka kwilebhu.
- Xa ufumana ingxelo yovavanyo lwakho, ungazami ukuyifunda nokuyiqonda wedwa. Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo. Nguye oza kunxulumanisa iziphumo nemeko yakho, azichaze ngokucacileyo, aze akwazise ngamanyathelo alandelayo.
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