Isithunywa esibalaseleyo sobuchopho: Oko kufuneka ukwazi ngeGlutamate!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ulwazi ludluliselwa njani na ebuchotsheni bakho? Xa sifunda into entsha, xa sikhumbula into endala, kukho isithunywa sekhemikhali esincinci kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu esisinceda senze konke oku ngasemva. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yiGlutamate . Enyanisweni, ngaphandle kwayo, ingqondo yethu ibiya kuba yingxaki. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokuba yintoni le Glutamate, ukuba yeyiphi imisebenzi eyenzayo emizimbeni yethu, ingakumbi engqondweni, ukuba kutheni iyimfuneko, kodwa nokuba zeziphi iingxaki ezinokuvela ngamanye amaxesha ukuba ubungakanani bayo buyanda okanye buyancipha. Ngokulula nje, siza kuthetha ngako konke oku ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye iGlutamate?

Ngamafutshane, iGlutamate yi-neurotransmitter . Cinga ngee-neurotransmitters njengezithunywa ezincinci ezithwala imiyalezo phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) ezingqondweni zethu. Ezi zezo zidlulisela ulwazi kunye nemiqondiso ukusuka kwenye iseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye.

Ebuchotsheni bethu, i-glutamate yeyona neurotransmitter iphambili yokuvusa iimvakalelo . Igama elithi "Excitatory" lithetha ukuba ivuselela iseli yemithambo-luvo, oko kuthetha ukuba "iyayivusa." Emva koko amathuba okuba loo myalezo uye kwiseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo ayanda. Kufana nokuvusa umntu ngokungqongqoza emnyango wakhe. Ngoko ke, i-glutamate ibalulekile ukuze ingqondo isebenze kakuhle.

Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba le glutamate iveliswa njani kwaye phi. I-Glutamate iyaphinda isetyenziswe kwaye yenziwe intsha engqondweni yethu luhlobo oluthile lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-glial cells . Ii-Glial cells luhlobo lweseli exhasayo enceda, yondle, kwaye ikhusele ii-nerve cells engqondweni. Ezi seli ze-glial zithatha i-glutamate esetyenzisiweyo kwaye ziyiguqule ibe yenye i-compound ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamine . Emva koko, xa le glutamine ifika kwindawo yokugqibela yee-nerve cells kwakhona, ijika ibe yi-glutamate. Ayisiyondlela imangalisayo na le?

Ayipheleli apho, i-glutamate ikwabalulekile ekuvelisweni kwenye i-neurotransmitter ebalulekileyo, i-gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) . I-GABA yaziwa njenge-neurotransmitter "ethomalalisayo". I-GABA inceda kwizinto ezifana nokulala, ukuphumla, ukulawula ixhala, kunye nokusebenza kwezihlunu. Ngoko ke, nangona i-glutamate ivuselela kwelinye icala, ikwanceda ekuvelisweni kwe-arhente yokuzola kwelinye icala.

I-Glutamate ayisiyo-neurotransmitter kuphela. Ikwayi-amino acid. Ii-amino acids zezona zibalulekileyo zokwakha iiproteni. Njengeebhloko zokwakha. I-Glutamate yeyona amino acid ininzi emzimbeni wethu. Emzimbeni, i-Glutamate iveliswa kwaye igcinwe kwizicubu zemisipha.

Kwakhona, mhlawumbi sele uve kakhulu nge-glutamate ngenxa ye-food additive monosodium glutamate (MSG) . I-Glutamate ikwafumaneka kwi-food flavouring agent MSG.

Ngoko ke le glutamate isebenza njani? Iyamangalisa!

Ii-neurotransmitters ezifana ne-glutamate ziveliswa ziiseli zemithambo-luvo ngokwazo. Zigcinwa kwiingxowa ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba zii-synaptic vesicles kwisiphelo se-axon seseli yemithambo-luvo. Zicinge ngezi njengeebhamuza ezincinci. Ibhamuza elinye linokuba namawaka ezi molekyuli ze-neurotransmitter!

Ngoku, xa umyalezo okanye isignali ihamba kwiseli yemithambo-luvo, uhlobo lombane lwaloo mqondiso lubangela ukuba loo maqhekeza amancinci azaliswe yi-glutamate avuleke aze akhuphe i-glutamate kwisithuba esincinci esizaliswe lulwelo esibizwa ngokuba yi-synapse phakathi kweeseli ezimbini zemithambo-luvo. Kufana nebhulorho. Kwelinye icala lale sithuba kukho iseli yemithambo-luvo elandelayo. Ngoku le glutamate kufuneka ihambe iye kubopha kwii -receptors ezikhethekileyo kwenye iseli yemithambo-luvo efumana umyalezo. Ifana nesitshixo esifakwa kwisitshixo. Nje ukuba iqhagamshelwe, i-glutamate ibangela utshintsho okanye isenzo kuloo seli yemithambo-luvo ilandelayo. Kulapho umyalezo uqhubeka uhamba ukusuka kwiseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwiseli yemithambo-luvo.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye ii-neurotransmitters ezininzi, i-glutamate inokubopha kwii-receptors ezine ezahlukeneyo ! Cinga ngayo njengokuvula ii-locks ezine ngesitshixo esinye esikhulu. Olu buchule luvumela i-glutamate ukuba ibe nemiphumo eyahlukeneyo kuyo yonke ingqondo kwaye inxibelelane nezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo. I-Glutamate inoxanduva lomsebenzi ongaphezulu kwe-90% kwingqondo yomntu. Ungacinga ukuba kubaluleke kangakanani oko?

Ngaphakathi kwengqondo yethu, iiseli zemithambo-luvo ziyadibana ukuze zenze iisekethe ezincinci. Ezi sekethe zincinci zinceda kwimisebenzi emincinci efana nokukhumbula iinkumbulo. Kwaye, iinethiwekhi ezinkulu nezibanzi zinceda kwimisebenzi emikhulu, enzima efana nokubona, ukuva, kunye nokuhamba. I-Glutamate yeyona neurotransmitter iphambili ethwala imiyalezo yeekhemikhali ngezi sekethe kunye neenethiwekhi. Indlela esebenza ngayo i-glutamate kwi-synapse phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo iqinisa okanye ibuthathaka isignali yonxibelelwano phakathi kwezi seli. Ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo indlela eyenziwa ngayo umsebenzi ofanelekileyo. Ukuba i-glutamate ayikhutshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, nakwizinga elifanelekileyo, unxibelelwano luyaphazamiseka. Ngokufanayo, ukuba i-glutamate iba phezulu kakhulu, ingonakalisa iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye yonakalise inethiwekhi yonxibelelwano ngokwayo.

Yeyiphi inkonzo enikezelwa yi-glutamate emizimbeni yethu?

Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezenziwa yi-glutamate emzimbeni wethu:

• Ukufunda kunye nenkumbulo:Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, kuba inokunxibelelana nee-receptor ezine ezahlukeneyo, i-glutamate inethuba elikhulu lokudlulisa imiyalezo ngempumelelo nangokukhawuleza phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo. Olu tshintshiselwano lwemiqondiso olukhawulezayo kunye nokucubungula ulwazi lubaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni nasekukhumbuleni. Ayisiyiyo loo nto kuphela, kodwa i-glutamate ikwavumela iiseli zemithambo-luvo ukuba zidibanise ulwazi oluhambelanayo. Esi sisiseko senkumbulo. Cinga ngayo, xa ufunda into entsha, iindlela ezintsha zenziwa engqondweni.
• Umthombo wamandla kwiiseli zobuchopho: Xa iglucose, umthombo wamandla oyintloko emzimbeni wethu, iphantsi, iglutamate inokubonelela ngamandla kwiiseli zobuchopho. Kufana nombane oxhaswayo.
• Isithunywa seekhemikhali: Lo ngumsebenzi waso ophambili. I-Glutamate inceda ukuthumela imiyalezo yeekhemikhali phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo.
• Ulawulo lomjikelo wokulala nokuvuka: Ngokwezifundo zezilwanyana, amanqanaba e-glutamate aphezulu xa sivukile kwaye ngexesha lesigaba sokulala se-"Rapid Eye Movement" (REM). Ukulala okunempilo kubalulekile kubomi obusempilweni.
• Isibonakaliso sentlungu: Kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwamanqanaba aphezulu e-glutamate kunye namanqanaba aphezulu okuqonda intlungu. Oku kuthetha ukuba xa senzakele, kukwanceda ukudlulisela loo ntlungu engqondweni.

I-glutamate iyanda njani engqondweni yethu?

Ngamanye amaxesha, ubungakanani be-glutamate engqondweni yethu bunokuba phezulu kakhulu. Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:

• Ukukhululwa kakhulu kwe-glutamate kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo.
• I-Glutamate ikhutshwa ngqo kwiiseli ze-glial engqondweni, yongeza inani elipheleleyo le-glutamate engqondweni.
• I-glutamate egqithisileyo ihlala kwisithuba esincinci phakathi kweeseli zemithambo-luvo (i-synapse). Emva koko, ii-receptor ezininzi ze-glutamate zihlala zisebenza, kwaye iiseli zemithambo-luvo zinokuqhubeka zivuselelwa.
• Ii-receptors ezikwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ziba buthathaka kakhulu kwi-glutamate. Oku kuthetha ukuba neemolekyuli ezincinci ze-glutamate ziyaveliswa ukuze zivuseleleke.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa i-glutamate isanda? Oku kuyingozi!

Ukuba ubungakanani be-glutamate engqondweni buyanda kakhulu, iiseli zemithambo-luvo zinokuvuseleleka kakhulu. Olu vuselelo lunokonakalisa okanye lubulale neeseli zengqondo . Kule meko, i-glutamate ibizwa ngokuba yi-excitotoxin . Oko kukuthi, isebenza njengesivuseleli kunye netyhefu ngaxeshanye.

Amanqanaba aphezulu e-glutamate engqondweni adibene neemeko ezininzi zonyango, kuquka:

• Isifo sikaLou Gehrig esibizwa ngokuba yi-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (isifo sikaLou Gehrig esibizwa ngokuba yi-Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis):Kwimeko enjalo, izihlunu ziya buthathaka kancinci kancinci.
• I-Multiple Sclerosis: Isifo esichaphazela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo.
• Isifo sika-Alzheimer: Usenokuba ukhe weva ngaso, isifo esiqhelekileyo esibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
• Isifo sikaParkinson: Sichaphazela iintshukumo zomzimba, iimpawu ezifana nokungcangcazela kwamalungu omzimba zinokubonakala.
• Isifo sikaHuntington: Isifo esizuzwe njengelifa esitshabalalisa iiseli zobuchopho.
• Istroke: Imeko ebangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokunikezelwa kwegazi engqondweni.
• I-Fibromyalgia: Ibangela iintlungu nokudinwa emzimbeni wonke.
• Isifo sokudinwa okungapheliyo: Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo kwexesha elide.

Kukwakho neengxaki zempilo yengqondo ezicingelwa ukuba zibangelwa ziingxaki zokuveliswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-glutamate:

• Iingxaki zeemvakalelo kunye nokuxhalaba .
• I-Autism .
• Uxinzelelo .
• Isifo sokungakhathali (OCD) sisifo esibonakaliswa ziingcinga nezenzo ezingafunekiyo .
I-Schizophrenia ibangelwa ziimvakalelo .

Kubalulekile: Nangona ukungalingani kwe-glutamate kusenokuba yenye yezizathu zezi meko, ezi ziimeko ezinzima ezinokuba nezinye izizathu ezininzi. Ngugqirha kuphela onokwenza uxilongo oluchanekileyo.

Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni ukuba i-glutamate iyancipha?

Ngaphandle kokwanda kwe-glutamate, ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-glutamate engqondweni nako kuyingxaki. Kukholelwa ukuba oku kunokukhokelela kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingxaki yokugxila : Ubunzima bokugxila emsebenzini okanye ekufundeni.
• Ukudinwa kwengqondo : Ingqondo iziva idinwe kakhulu.
• Ukungalali : Ubunzima bokulala ebusuku.
• Amandla aphantsi : Ukuziva ngathi akukho nto ikhoyo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba i-glutamate ye-neurotransmitter ibaluleke kangakanani kwaye ayibalulekanga kangakanani kwingqondo yethu nakwinkqubo yethu ye-nervous central. I-Glutamate idlala indima enkulu ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwengqondo yethu, ngakumbi ekubumbeni izinto ezifana nokufunda kunye nenkumbulo.

Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-glutamate kufuneka ibekho ngexesha elifanelekileyo, kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, nakwizinga elifanelekileyo.Ukuba i-glutamate ikhona engqondweni, kwindawo engafanelekanga, kwindawo exineneyo kakhulu, ixesha elide kakhulu, ingonakalisa okanye ibulale iiseli zengqondo. Ezinye zezifo eziwohlokayo ze-neurodegenerative esizixubushileyo, ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson, isifo sika-Alzheimer, kunye nesifo sikaHuntington, zinxulunyaniswa noku kukhuthaza kakhulu iiseli zemithambo-luvo. Iingxaki ngokuveliswa okanye ukusetyenziswa kwe-glutamate zinokunxulunyaniswa neengxaki zempilo yengqondo, ezifana ne-autism, ukudakumba, kunye ne-schizophrenia.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela esi sithunywa simangalisayo sekhemikhali emzimbeni wethu. Ukuba unengxaki okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, kungcono ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Kuba ukugcina konke oku kulinganisiwe yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kubomi obusempilweni.

I- Glutamate, Ubuchopho, i-Neurotransmitter, iMemori, Ukufunda, i-MSG, Impilo Yengqondo, Isifo Se-Neurological