Ngaba wakha wacinga nje ngendlela emangalisayo neyinkimbinkimbi ngayo inkqubo yokuphefumla? Ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele, oku kwenzeka izihlandlo ezingaphezu kwamawaka angamashumi amabini ngosuku. Ngelixa silele, sisebenza, kwaye sidlala, iqhawe eliphambili elingasemva kwalo msebenzi umangalisayo wokubonelela imizimba yethu ngeoksijini efunekayo, oko kukuthi, ioksijini , kunye nokukhupha iigesi ezingafunekiyo, yimiphunga yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngemiphunga, ebaluleke kakhulu ebomini bethu.
Zithini iimphunga? Ziphi?
Ngamafutshane, imiphunga yeyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yethu yokuphefumla , uthungelwano lwamalungu abandakanyekayo ekuphefumleni kwethu. Sinemiphunga emibini. Ifumaneka esifubeni sethu, indawo ephakathi kwentamo nesisu, macala omabini. Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi yisifuba.
Imiphunga yethu ayifani ncam. Kukho umahluko omncinci.
Umphunga Wasekunene
Umphunga wasekunene wahlulwe waba ngamacandelo amathathu, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi -'lobes' . Mfutshane kancinci kunomphunga wasekhohlo, kodwa ubanzi. Zombini imiphunga yethu igqunywe yi-membrane ekhuselayo ebizwa ngokuba yi-'pleural tissue' .
I-Lung yasekhohlo
Umphunga wasekhohlo unezithonga ezimbini. Lo mncinci kunewasekunene. Isizathu soko kukwenza indawo yentliziyo yethu. Intliziyo yethu ikwindawo ephakathi komphunga wasekhohlo. Ngoko ke kumphunga wasekhohlo, kukho indawo encinci esikiweyo ukuze ilingane nentliziyo, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-'cardiac notch' .
Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene emiphungeni?
Umsebenzi ophambili wemiphunga kukubonelela ngeoksijini kwiiseli emizimbeni yethu nokususa ikhabhoni dayoksayidi, imveliso engcolileyo eveliswa ziiseli, emzimbeni. Le nkqubo yenzeka izihlandlo ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngomzuzu.
Khawucinge ukuba uphefumla kancinci.
1. Xa uphefumla ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo, umoya udlula ngasemva komqala wakho ungene kwi -trachea (umphimbo womoya) .
2. Emva koko le trachea yahlulwe ibe ngamasebe amabini. Sibiza la 'matyhubhu e-bronchial' . Elinye liqhagamshela kumphunga wasekunene, kwaye elinye liqhagamshela kumphunga wasekhohlo.
3. Ngaphakathi emiphungeni, ezi tyhubhu zahlukana zibe ngamasebe amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi-'bronchi' kwaye zibe ziityhubhu ezincinci ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'bronchioles' .
4. Okokugqibela, ezi ndlela zincinci zidibana neqela leengxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibonakala ngathi liqela leediliya. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi -'alveoli' . Ezi ziinqwelo zomoya ezisebenza kakhulu emiphungeni yethu. Kungezi ngxowa zomoya apho ioksijini esemoyeni esiwuphefumlayo yongezwa egazini.
Emva kokufunxa ioksijini, igazi liyaphuma emiphungeni liye entliziyweni. Ukusuka apho, intliziyo ipompa eli gazi lizele yioksijini emzimbeni wonke. Kulapho ke zonke iiseli kunye nezicwili zomzimba wethu zifumana ioksijini eziyidingayo ukuze ziphile.
Xa iiseli zomzimba zisebenzisa ioksijini, zivelisa ikharbon diokside njengenkunkuma. Ibuyela egazini ize iye emiphungeni. Xa sikhupha umoya, le gesi ikharbon diokside ayifuniyo iyaphuma emzimbeni.
Ukuze imiphunga isebenze kakuhle, le migudu yomoya kufuneka ivuleke xa siphefumla singena siphuma. Akufuneki kubekho ukudumba okanye ukwakheka kwe-mucus okugqithisileyo.
Imiphunga izikhusela njani?
Inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla ineendlela ezininzi ezimangalisayo zokuzikhusela ukuthintela izinto ezinobungozi njengothuli kunye neentsholongwane emoyeni ukuba zingangeni emiphungeni yethu xa siphefumla.
- Iinwele ezincinci empumlweni: Ezi zisebenza njengesihluzo esicoca umoya. Zithintela izinto ezifana namasuntswana amakhulu othuli ukuba angangeni empumlweni.
- I-mucus eveliswa kwi-trachea kunye ne-bronchial tubes: Le mucus igcina iindlela zomoya zimanzi. Ikwabamba izinto ezifana nothuli kunye neebhaktheriya.
- I-Cilia: Ezi zizinto ezincinci ezifana neenwele ezikwiindlela zethu zomoya. Ziya phezulu rhoqo, zityhala i-mucus nezinye izinto eziyingozi ziye emqaleni. Emva koko singazikhohlela okanye siziginye. Esinye sezizathu eziphambili zokuba ukutshaya kuyingozi kukuba ezi cilia zonakaliswa ngumsi.
Izifo neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imiphunga
Ngelishwa, zininzi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela imiphunga yethu. Ezinye zincinci, ngelixa ezinye zinokuba zizifo ezingapheliyo nezinzulu. Nazi ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo.
| Igama leMeko | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Isifuba | Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yokuvaleka kwendlela yomoya. |
| I-Bronchitis | Uphawu oluphambili kukukhwehlela. Oku kungaba lixesha elifutshane okanye elide (elingapheliyo). |
| Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (i-COPD) | Isifo sokuphefumla esiba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye asinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. |
| Ukukrala kwemiphunga | Intsholongwane engena emiphungeni inokubangela ulwelo luzalise imiphunga, nto leyo enokufuna nokulaliswa esibhedlele. |
| Isifo sephepha | Usulelo oluchaphazela kakhulu imiphunga, kodwa lunokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo zomzimba. |
| Umhlaza wemiphunga | Eyona nto iphambili ebangela umhlaza wemiphunga kukutshaya. |
| I-Covid-19 (i-COVID-19) | Usulelo lwentsholongwane olunokubangela isifo sokuphefumla esincinci ukuya kwesikhulu. |
Zithini iimpawu zesifo semiphunga?
Ukuba unengxaki yemiphunga, unokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ezi zizinto ekufuneka uzazi .
- Ukuphefumla kancinci : Ukuphefumla kancinci nokuba wenza imisebenzi emincinci.
- Intlungu yesifuba : Intlungu eba mandundu xa uphefumla nzulu okanye ukhohlela.
- Ukukhwehlela: Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ingakumbi okuhlala iiveki. Ukukhwehlela okunegazi.
- Ukudinwa: Ukuhlala uziva udiniwe kakhulu.
- Ukuphefumla: Isandi somlozi esiphuma esifubeni.
- Ukudumba kwamaqatha neenyawo: Oku kunokubonwa nakwezinye izifo zemiphunga.
Ukuba uqhubeka unale mpawu, musa ukuzityeshela. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza uze ufumane ingcebiso.
Ungayijonga njani impilo yemiphunga?
Xa usiya kugqirha, angakuhlola aze afumane izimvo malunga nemiphunga yakho. Umzekelo:
- Isifuba siphulaphulwa nge-stethoscope kwaye sijongwe ukuba akukho nasiphi na isandi esingaqhelekanga (ukurhawuzelela, ukuphefumla).
- Ubala inani lokuphefumla okuthathayo ngomzuzu.
- Isixhobo esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yiPulse Oximeter sincamathiselwa emnweni kwaye silinganisa inqanaba leoksijini egazini.
Ukongeza kuvavanyo lomzimba, iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo zinokufuneka ukuze kufunyaniswe ngokuchanekileyo imeko.
Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yemiphunga
Ezi zivumela ugqirha ukuba abone imeko engaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba
- Iskeni ye-CT
- Iskeni ye-ultrasound
- Iskeni ye-MRI
Uvavanyo lweMisebenzi yeMiphunga
Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo imiphunga yakho.
- I-Spirometry: Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukuba ungaphefumla ngokukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye ungakanani umoya.
- Uvavanyo lokuhamba ngeenyawo lwemizuzu emithandathu: Olu vavanyo lulinganisa indlela amanqanaba akho eoksijini kunye nesantya sentliziyo yakho esitshintsha ngayo njengoko uhamba imizuzu emi-6.
Iinkqubo ezinokufuna i-anesthesia
Kwezinye iimeko, kusenokufuneka ukuthumela ikhamera emiphungeni ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi okanye ithathe isiqwenga sesicwili (i-biopsy) ukuze sihlolwe.
- I-Bronchoscopy: Inkqubo apho ityhubhu eguquguqukayo enekhamera encinci idluliselwa khona kwiindlela zomoya ukuze kuhlolwe imiphunga.
- I-biopsy yemiphunga: Iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu lithathwa emphungeni lize lihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.
Izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina imiphunga yethu isempilweni
Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina imiphunga yethu isempilweni, kunye nokulawula isifo semiphunga ukuba sinaso.
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo neyona ilungileyo onokuyenza. Yeka ukutshaya iicuba, ii-beedis, kunye ne-vaping.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Njengoko ubunzima bomzimba busanda, ingakumbi xa amafutha eqokelelana kwindawo yesisu, amandla okukhula kwamaphaphu ayancitshiswa.
- Zilolonge rhoqo:Ukuzilolonga kwandisa amandla emiphunga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usandul' ukuqala ukuzilolonga, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho kuqala.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo.
- Sela amanzi amaninzi: Oku kuya kunceda ukunciphisa umhluzi okwimiphunga yakho kwaye kube lula ukuwususa.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo. Fumana izitofu ezicetyiswa ngugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Imiphunga yakho sisitho esibaluleke kakhulu esibonelela ngeoksijini emzimbeni kwaye sisuse ikharbon diokside.
- Ukutshaya ngowona monakalo mkhulu onokuyenza kwimiphunga yakho. Ukuze imiphunga yakho ihlale isempilweni, kufuneka uyeke ngokupheleleyo ukutshaya.
- Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nokukhohlela okungapheliyo, ukuphefumla kancinci, okanye iintlungu zesifuba. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo semiphunga. Bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga) inendima enkulu ekukhuseleni impilo yemiphunga yakho.
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