Masifunde nge-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-3 ebuchotsheni ngokulula.

Ngaba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uyaxhalaba xa esiva igama elithi "brain tumor"? Liqhelekile kakhulu. Ingakumbi xa usazi ukuba libi kakhulu. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale meko ibizwa ngokuba yi "Grade 3 Astrocytoma" ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe, kodwa ngokulula. Ndiyathemba ukuba uyayiqonda kakuhle le nto.

Yintoni i-Astrocytoma yeBanga lesi-3?

Ngamafutshane, eli lithumba elikhula ngokukhawuleza elinomhlaza elivela engqondweni . Kukho uhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-astrocyte cells kwingqondo yethu nakwi-spinal cord. Ezi ziiseli ezimile okweenkwenkwezi. Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukunceda nokukhusela ii-neurons zethu - iiseli ezinoxanduva kuyo yonke into kwiingcinga zethu, iimvakalelo zethu, kunye neentshukumo zethu.

Ngoko ke, ngesizathu esithile, xa ezi seli ze-astrocyte zahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo, ngokukhawuleza, kwaye zikhula ngamanani amakhulu, olu hlobo lwethumba olubizwa ngokuba yi-"astrocytoma" luyakhiwa. I-World Health Organisation (WHO) iwahlulile la mathumba. Ngoko ke, "ibanga lesi-3" lithetha ukuba olu luhlobo olusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, olunzima ngakumbi . Ngaphambili, olu lwalubizwa ngokuba yi-"anaplastic astrocytoma". Usenokuba ulibonile eli gama kwiingxelo zonyango zakudala (iingxelo ze-pathology). Kwakungowama-2021 kuphela apho eli gama latshintshwa laba yi-"grade 3 astrocytoma" ukuze kucaciswe ukuxilongwa.

Oku kukhawuleza kwaye kuqatha ngakumbi kune "grade 1" kunye "grade 2". Kwakhona, kunokusasazeka ukusuka apho kwaqala khona ukuya kwizicubu zobuchopho ezingqongileyo . Yiyo loo nto ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"malignant" okanye "high-grade" astrocytoma.

I-Astrocytomas luhlobo lweqela elikhulu lee-tumor ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"gliomas." Eli qela le-gliomas alibandakanyi nje kuphela ii-astrocytomas, kodwa nezinye iintlobo zee-tumor zobuchopho ezifana ne-"ependymomas" kunye ne-"oligodendrogliomas."

Nangona le thumba inamandla ngakumbi kunezinye iintlobo ze-astrocytoma, iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba inokunyangeka . Kukho unyango olufana notyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy. Unokufumana ithuba lokuthatha inxaxheba kuvavanyo lweklinikhi oluphanda unyango olutsha.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?

Ehlabathini lonke, phakathi kwabantu aba-5 nabasi-8 kwabayi-100,000 kufunyaniswa ukuba bane-grade 3 okanye i-grade 4 astrocytoma enzima kakhulu (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-glioblastoma). Oku kunokubonwa nakubantwana . I-astrocytomas yeBanga lesi-3 kunye ne-glioblastomas zenza malunga ne-10% yazo zonke iithumba ze-central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) ebantwaneni.

Zithini iimpawu ze-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3?

Iimpawu zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo engqondweni. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Intloko ebuhlungu:Oku akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi, kuqhubeke, kwaye kubonakale ngakumbi kusasa.
• Ukudinwa: Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha kwaye ungenabomi.
• Ukugabha: Intloko ebuhlungu ingahamba nokuhlanza, ingakumbi kusasa.
• Utshintsho lobuntu: Utshintsho olufana nokuba nomsindo, ukucaphuka, okanye ukuthula kakhulu kunangaphambili.
• Utshintsho lombono: Umbono ofipheleyo, umbono ophindwe kabini.
• Ingxaki yokulungelelanisa izinto: Ukukhubeka xa uhamba, izinto ziwa zingalawuleki.
• Ubuthathaka kwimilenze: Ingalo okanye umlenze kwelinye icala usenokuvakala ngathi uyaphelelwa ngamandla.
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa (ukuxhuzula): Ukulahlekelwa yingqondo ngequbuliso kunye nokuxhuzula kunokwenzeka.

Musa ukoyika kuba nje unempawu enye okanye ezimbini kwezi. Kodwa ukuba uneempawu ezingaphezulu kwenye, okanye ukuba zibonakala zisiba mandundu imihla ngemihla, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.

Ukongeza, kuxhomekeke ekubeni ithumba likwindawo ephi ebuchotsheni, ezinye iimpawu ezithile zinokuvela. Umzekelo, ukuba ithumba likwindawo engaphambili, iingxaki zenkumbulo kunye nobunzima bokwenza izigqibo zinokwenzeka. Ngaphandle koko, ukuba likwicala lobuchopho, intetho kunye namagama okuqonda angenzeka.

Ziphi apha engqondweni ezi thumba zixhaphake kakhulu?

Le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 yithumba elikhula kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi, oko kukuthi, ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-cerebrum, eyona ndawo inkulu yobuchopho . Ngokukodwa, kwezi ndawo:

• I-lobe yangaphambili
• I-lobe yexeshana
• I-lobe ye-parietal
• I-Occipital lobe

Kutheni le nto ikhula le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Akukaziwa ukuba kutheni la maseli e-astrocyte ngequbuliso eqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza kangaka. Kodwa ngokophando, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokubangela oku:

• Utshintsho kwi-genetic: Nangona kunjalo, oku kuchaphazela ipesenti encinci kakhulu (ngaphantsi kwe-5% yezigulane).
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha ye-ionizing: Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuvezwa kwimitha ngexesha lonyango lweentlobo ezithile zomhlaza (umz., i-leukemia, i-lymphoma).

Nangona le meko inokuvela nakweyiphi na iminyaka, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-9 ubudala nakubantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 nengama-50 ubudala. Kuthiwa amadoda anokuba nayo ngaphezu kwabasetyhini.

Ezinye iimeko zemfuza zinokunxulunyaniswa nophuhliso lwee-astrocytomas zebanga lesi-3. Ezi meko ziquka:

• Uhlobo lwe-Neurofibromatosis 1
• Isifo seLi-Fraumeni
• I-Tuberous sclerosis

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka kwi-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zinto.

• Uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwentloko yobuchopho (Uxinzelelo lwe-Intracranial): Ithumba linokubangela ukuba uxinzelelo lunyuke ngenxa yokungabikho kwesithuba ngaphakathi kwengqondo.
• Ukukhubazeka kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho: Imeko efana nokukhubazeka.
• I-Hydrocephalus: Ulwelo lunokuqokelelwa engqondweni ngenxa yokuthintelwa kokuhamba kolwelo.

Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Ugqirha uxilonga esi sifo ngokukubuza ngeempawu zakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, aze emva koko enze uvavanyo olufunekayo. Ugqirha uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho nokuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesi sifo. Emva koko, baya kuyalela uvavanyo ukuze basuse ezinye izifo ezineempawu ezifanayo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uvavanyo lwemifanekiso olungengongeneleli lusetyenziswa ukufumanisa indawo kunye nobukhulu bethumba . Olu vavanyo lunokuba luncedo kakhulu ekuxilongeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-biopsy, equka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lethumba, inokwenziwa.

Uvavanyo lwe-Radiology

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) okanye i-CT scan (Computed Tomography scan) ukuze ubone ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo yethumba. Olu vavanyo lunokukunceda ukuba uqonde ngcono ithumba kwaye ucwangcise unyango lwakho. Emva kokuxilongwa nonyango, unokufuna olunye uvavanyo ukuze ubone ukuba unyango luphumelele na kunye nendlela ithumba eliqhuba ngayo.

Luluphi unyango lwale nto?

Xa kunyangwa i-astrocytomas yebanga lesi-3, enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ndlela zilandelayo zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye:

• Ukususwa kwethumba ngotyando
• Unyango ngemitha
• Unyango ngamakhemikhali

Amaxesha amaninzi, zonke ezi ndlela zintathu zonyango ziyasetyenziswa. Inyathelo lokuqala kukususa ithumba elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngotyando . Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kubukhulu bethumba kunye nendawo elikuyo engqondweni, kusenokungabi lula ukususa ithumba ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, unyango lwemitha kunye ne-chemotherapy ziyanikwa inxalenye eseleyo.

Kukwakho nezifundo zophando ezibizwa ngokuba "ziimvavanyo zeklinikhi" ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyanwe unyango olutsha lwezi ntlobo zeethumba. Ezi ziphanda unyango olutsha, iindlela zokuthintela izifo, nokunye. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa novavanyo lweklinikhi olulungele wena.

Ngaba kukho amayeza akhethekileyo asetyenziselwa oku?

I-U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ivumile iyeza le-chemotherapy elithi "Temozolomide" kubantu abadala abane-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3. Ugqirha wakho angacebisa eli yeza ukuba ithumba lakho aliphenduli kakuhle kwezinye iindlela zonyango. Akukho yeza lithile livunyiweyo ebantwaneni okwangoku.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Ewe, olu nyango lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango, aze akuxelele nokuba yintoni omawuyilumkele emva konyango.

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zotyando:

• Ukopha
• Iintsholongwane
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• I-Hydrocephalus
• Intlungu
• Iimpawu zesifo sokuwa `(Ukuxhuzula)`

Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zonyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy:

• Ukopha okanye usulelo
• Ukuqhinwa
• Urhudo
• Ukudinwa kakhulu
• Intloko ebuhlungu
• Ukulahleka kweenwele
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Umnqweno wokutya

Ezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga azenzeki kuye wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokuziva kancinci, abanye banokuziva ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho iindlela zokulawula phantse zonke ezi zinto.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila kwesi sifo?

Xa kufikwa kwingxelo yokuba umntu one-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 uza kuba naso na, iyahluka kumntu nomntu. Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela oku, kuquka impilo yakho ngokubanzi, ubungakanani bethumba, kunye nendawo elikuyo. Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa kwangethuba, ingakumbi ukuba ithumba linokususwa ngokupheleleyo, ungalindela iziphumo ezilungileyo . Ugqirha wakho uya kukwazi ukukunika ulwazi oluchanekileyo olusekelwe kwimeko yakho.

Olunye uphando lubike ukuba izinga lokusinda kweminyaka emihlanu kubantu abane-astrocytomas yebanga lesi-3 liphakathi kwama-52% nama-58%. Ukuba unyango lunokususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba, amaxesha okusinda made nangakumbi .

Ngaba le astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 inganyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Kuthiwa le thumba kunzima ukuyinyanga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa yimeko elawulwa kakuhle nenganyangekayo . Njengoko iindlela zotyando, unyango lwemitha, kunye ne-chemotherapy ziphucuka imihla ngemihla, amathuba okuphumelela konyango ngoku aphezulu. Uphando lubonisa ukuba nangona kunzima ukususa ithumba ngokupheleleyo, kuxhomekeke kubukhulu balo, imo, kunye nendawo elikuyo, akunakwenzeka.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-astrocytoma yebanga lesi-3 ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza . Ukuba sele ufumana unyango, xelela ugqirha wakho kwangoko xa ubona naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.Yitsho loo nto. Ngexesha lokuxilongwa nonyango, ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo, ungoyiki ukubuza iqela lakho lezonyango.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Kuqhelekile ukuba nemibuzo emininzi xa ufumana isifo esifana nesi. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lonyango olundicebisayo?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?
• Ngaba amayeza e-chemotherapy angasetyenziswa ukunyanga esi sifo?
• Ndingazinyamekela njani xa ndifumana unyango lwe-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy?
• Ithini ingxelo yokugula kwam?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezinxulumene nemeko yam?

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko kwaye uxhalabe xa ufumanisa ukuba unesifo somhlaza ebuchotsheni. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa . Kukho iqela loogqirha abanezakhono, abahlengikazi, kunye nabanye oochwephesha bezempilo apha ukukunceda, ukuphendula imibuzo yakho, kunye nokukunyamekela.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yobukhulu kunye nokuma kwethumba, kusenokungabi lula ukulisusa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kunyango lomhlaza, abantu abaninzi bayakwazi ukoyisa le meko baze baphile ubomi obuhle. Ngoko ke, hlala uqinile kwaye ulandele iingcebiso ezinikwe ngoogqirha bakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ndikunqwenelela ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza!

I- Astrocytoma, Ithumba Lobuchopho, I-Anaplastic Astrocytoma, Umhlaza, I-Astrocytoma Yebanga Lesi-3, Iimpawu Zomhlaza Wobuchopho, Unyango Lomhlaza Wobuchopho