Ngaba uziva ungaziva kwaye unesiyezi? Isenokuba yiGuillain-Barré Syndrome!

Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva ngathi ulahlekelwa ngumzimba wakho, okanye amalungu akho aphelelwe ngamandla? Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba luphawu lwento enzulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye sezifo ezinjalo. YiGuillain-Barré Syndrome, okanye iGBS ngamafutshane. Nangona esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele.

Yintoni iGuillain-Barré Syndrome?

Ngamafutshane, i-Guillain-Barré Syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga apho amajoni omzimba wakho ahlasela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo . Yonakalisa ngokukodwa imithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba ebaleka iye emalungeni nakwezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho. Cinga ngale mithambo-luvo njengeentambo emzimbeni wakho. Xa le mithambo-luvo yonakele, iimpawu ezinje ngokuba ndindisholo, ubuthathaka, kwanokukhubazeka komzimba zinokwenzeka. Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuchacha ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo.

Indlela elibizwa ngayo eli gama nayo yahlukile kancinci. NgesiNgesi, libizwa ngokuthi "ghee-AHN buh-RAY".

Ngubani onokuthi abe ne-GBS?

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome inokuchaphazela nabani na wanoma yimuphi ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-50 ubudala. Oku kuthetha ukuba abantu abaselula nabaphakathi nabo basengozini.

Kuqheleke kangakanani oku?

I-GBS sisifo esingaqhelekanga . Njengoko inani labantu emhlabeni limalunga ne-7.8 yeebhiliyoni, kubikwa ukuba ngabantu abamalunga ne-100,000 kuphela abafumana esi sifo minyaka le. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabangama-78,000 ufunyaniswa enesifo minyaka le. Ngoko ke, oku akuqhelekanga kangako.

Zithini iimpawu ze-GBS?

Ngenxa yokuba i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ichaphazela imithambo-luvo yethu engaphandle, ichaphazela izinto ezilawulwa yimithambo-luvo, ezinje ngokunyakaza kwemisipha, ukuqonda iintlungu, ubushushu, kunye nokuchukumisa .

Iimpawu zokuqala ze-GBS kubuthathaka bemisipha kunye/okanye ukungakhululeki (i-paresthesia) . Ezi mpawu zihlala zivela ngequbuliso. Zihlala zichaphazela amacala omabini omzimba ngokulinganayo . Kwakhona, zinokuqala emilenzeni nasezinyaweni kwaye zisasazeke kancinci kancinci ziye phezulu, ziye ezingalweni nasebusweni. Xa izihlunu ezisemilenzeni ziba buthathaka, kunokuba nzima ukuhamba okanye ukunyuka izinyuko. Khawuthelekelele umntu obesebenza ngokwesiqhelo ngequbuliso elahlekelwa yimilenze yomibini aze angakwazi ukuhamba.

Ubunzima be-GBS bungahluka kumntu nomntu. Abanye abantu banokuba neempawu ezincinci kakhulu baze baphile. Abanye banokuba neempawu ezinzima ngakumbi. Ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima besifo, ezinye iimpawu zingabandakanya:

• Iintlungu zemisipha eziqinileyo emqolo okanye emilenzeni .
• Ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yemilenze, iingalo, kunye/okanye ubuso . Kwiimeko ezinzima, umzimba wonke unokukhubazeka.
• Ukubuthathaka kwemisipha yesifuba. Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Le meko yenzeka kwisithathu sabantu abane-GBS.
• Ubunzima bokuthetha nokuginya (dysphagia) .
• Ubunzima bokushukumisa amehlo kunye nokungaboni kakuhle .

Iimpawu ze-GBS zinokukhula kancinci kancinci kangangeeyure, iintsuku, okanye iiveki . Uninzi lwabantu lufumana esi sifo sibi kakhulu kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala emva kokuba iimpawu ziqalile. Kwiveki yesithathu, malunga nama-90% abantu basenokuba bakwimeko enzima kakhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ngequbuliso uqalisa ukuba buthathaka kwezihlunu kwaye imeko iba mandundu emva kweeyure okanye iintsuku ezimbalwa, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqala unyango lwe-GBS ngokukhawuleza.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-GBS?

I-GBS ichaphazela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo, enokubangela iingxaki ezisongela ubomi . Inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo ilawula iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo esingaziqondiyo ukuba sinazo, ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokugaya ukutya. Xa le nkqubo ingasebenzi kakuhle, ibizwa ngokuba yi-dysautonomia.

I-dysautonomia ebangelwa yi-GBS inokukhokelela kwiingxaki ezifana nale:

• Iingxaki zentliziyo.
• Ukungazinzi koxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Iingxaki zokugaya ukutya (ukuphazamiseka kwesisu).
• Ubunzima bokulawula ukuchama, umzekelo, ukugcinwa komchamo.

Zithini izizathu ze-GBS?

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome sisifo se-neuropathy esibangelwa kukwasulelwa, esibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba . Masicacise oku ngakumbi:

• Emva kokosulela: Le meko idla ngokuvela emva kokuba usulele. Malunga nama-70% abantu abane-GBS babonakalisa iimpawu kwiveki ukuya kwiiveki ezintandathu emva kokugula . Abaphandi abasazi ukuba kutheni oku kwenzeka kwabanye abantu kodwa abanye bangabi njalo.
• Ukuzikhusela komzimba: Oku kuthetha ukuba esi sifo sibangelwa yimpendulo engaqhelekanga evela kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba. Xa abanye abantu begula, inkqubo yabo yokuzikhusela yomzimba ayiphenduli ngendlela engafanelekanga kwaye ihlasela kwaye yonakalise imithambo-luvo yabo. Yiyo le nto ibangela i-GBS. Kwakhona luhlobo lwemeko yokuzikhusela komzimba. Nangona kunjalo, ngokungafaniyo nezifo ezininzi zokuzikhusela komzimba, i-GBS ayisosifo sobomi bonke.
• I-Neuropathy:I-neuropathy ligama eliqhelekileyo lezifo ezonakalisa imithambo-luvo. Kwi-GBS, umonakalo uyenzeka kwimithambo-luvo engaphandle. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela ngokukhawuleza le mithambo-luvo kangangeentsuku ezithile, itshabalalisa isigqubuthelo sokukhusela esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin (esifana nesigqubuthelo esijikeleze ucingo lombane).

Abaphandi bafumanise ezinye izifo kunye nezinye izizathu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ezinokukhokelela kwi-GBS. Ezi ziquka:

• Urhudo okanye usulelo lokuphefumla: Malunga nesibini kwisithathu sabantu abane-GBS banesifo sorhudo okanye usulelo lokuphefumla kwiiveki ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu ziqale. Eyona nto ibangela i-GBS kusulelo lwebhaktheriya ebangela urhudo iCampylobacter jejuni .
• Usulelo lwentsholongwane: Abanye abantu abafumana i-GBS nabo bakha baba nosulelo lwentsholongwane ngaphambili olufana nomkhuhlane, i-cytomegalovirus, i-Epstein-Barr virus, kunye ne-Zika virus.
• Iigonyo: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abanye abantu babe ne-GBS kwiintsuku okanye iiveki ezimbalwa emva kokufumana iigonyo ezithile. Kodwa oku kubalulekile: Iingenelo zokugonywa zingaphezulu kakhulu kweengozi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abantu abafumana igonyo lomkhuhlane banamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-GBS kunabo bafumana i-flu.
• Utyando: Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba i-GBS ivele emva kotyando.

Ungayichonga njani `(GBS)`?

Oogqirha badla ngokuxilonga i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yezonyango . Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza imibuzo malunga nokuba iimpawu zakho ziqale njani kwaye nini, kunye nokuba ukhe waba nazo naziphi na izifo kutshanje. Baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba nolwemithambo-luvo ukujonga ubuthathaka bemisipha kunye nokuncipha okanye ukungabikho kwe-deep-tendon reflexes (hyporeflexia okanye i-areflexia).

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iimeko ezininzi ze-neurological ezineempawu ezifana ne-GBS. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze asuse ezinye iimeko. Ezi vavanyo zingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwe-Electromyography (EMG) kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo: Olu vavanyo luvavanya impilo kunye nokusebenza kwemisipha yakho yamathambo (imisipha enamathele emathanjeni) kunye nemithambo-luvo eyilawulayo.
• Ukubhoboza umqolo/i-lumbar:Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho ufaka inaliti emqolo wakho ongezantsi aze athathe isampuli yolwelo lwakho lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF). Isampuli ithunyelwa kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe ukuba iqulathe ntoni na. Kubantu abamalunga nama-80% abane-GBS, inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwi-CSF liqhelekile, kodwa inqanaba leproteni liphezulu. Ezinye iingxaki kwi-CSF zinokubonisa enye imeko.
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scan yomqolo.

Iphathwa njani i-GBS?

Ukuba une-Guillain-Barré syndrome, kunokufuneka uhlale kwiYunithi yoKhathalelo oluNzulu (ICU) yesibhedlele ukuze ufumane unyango. Oku kwenzelwa ukuba iqela lezonyango likwazi ukukujonga ngokusondeleyo iingxaki ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla kunye notshintsho kuxinzelelo lwegazi olunokwenzeka nge-GBS.

Akukho ndlela ithile yonyango lwe-Guillain-Barré syndrome. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunciphisa ubukhali besifo kwaye lunciphise ixesha lokuchacha. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango lwe-GBS:

• Ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma (plasmapheresis): Kolu nyango, umatshini uyahlula iplasma egazini lakho, ayinyange, aze ayibuyisele iplasma kunye negazi emzimbeni wakho. Ukutshintshiselana ngeplasma kucoca ii-antibodies ezihlasela imithambo-luvo yakho kwiplasma yakho.
• Unyango lwe-immunoglobulin efakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IVIG): Kolu nyango, iiproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi-immunoglobulin, eziqokelelwe egazini lamawaka abantu abaphilileyo, zifakwa ngemithambo yegazi (zifakwe emthanjeni). Ezi immunoglobulin ziiproteni eziveliswa yinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ukuze zihlasele izinto ezingaqhelekanga. I-IVIG inokunciphisa ixesha elichithwa yinkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba ihlasela imithambo-luvo yakho.

Ngazo zombini ezi ndlela zonyango, ukuba unyango luqalwe kwiiveki ezimbini emva kokuqala kweempawu ze-GBS, ixesha lokuchacha lingancitshiswa.

Unyango lweengxaki

Iingxaki zinokwenzeka xa i-GBS ichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo kwaye ibangela ukuba umzimba wakho ungasebenzi kakuhle. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kujonga ukuphefumla kwakho, izinga lentliziyo yakho, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi ngokusondeleyo. Baza kuthatha amanyathelo ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki. Eminye imizekelo yonyango lweengxaki ibandakanya:

• Ukhathalelo lokuphefumla: Ukuba i-GBS ichaphazela izihlunu zakho zokuphefumla, unokufuna umoya ongeniswa ngomatshini. Malunga nama-30% abantu abane-GBS banengxaki yokuphefumla.
• Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi:Xa ungekho zingqondweni ngokupheleleyo kwaye ulele esibhedlele ixesha elide, ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza anjenge-heparin (i-anticoagulant) ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo yakho enzulu (i-deep vein thrombosis).
• Ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi kunye nokondla ngetyhubhu: Ukuba kunzima ukuginya, ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi lunokufuneka ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokondla ngetyhubhu yokungena emanzini ukuze kuthintelwe ukungondleki. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukutya okanye ulwelo ukuba lungangeni kwi-windpipe kwaye kubangele i-aspiration pneumonia.

Ukuvuselelwa

Njengoko imeko yakho iphucuka, iqela lakho lezonyango linokukuthumela kwiziko lonyango lokubuyisela impilo yakho kwimeko yesiqhelo. Apho, ungasebenza neengcali zonyango lomzimba kunye nabanye abagqirha ukuze ufumane amandla akho kwaye uqale ukuzilolonga ukukunceda ubuyele kwimisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla. Olu nyango lungabandakanya:

• Unyango lomzimba: Oku kunceda ukuphucula indlela umzimba wakho oshukuma ngayo. Ingcali yonyango lomzimba ingakunceda ukulawula iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, ukuqina, kunye nokungonwabi. Banokukunceda wenze umthambo ukuze ubuyisele amandla emisipha.
• Unyango lomsebenzi: Olu nyango lukunceda kancinci kancinci ukuphucula amandla akho okwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Ingcali yonyango lomsebenzi ikufundisa indlela yokuma, yokuhlala, yokuhamba, okanye yokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukuze wenze umsebenzi wakho ngokukhuselekileyo.
• Unyango lokuthetha: Ukuba i-GBS ichaphazele izihlunu zomlomo okanye zomqala wakho, ingcali yezifo zolwimi lokuthetha inokukunceda uphinde ukwazi ukuginya nokuthetha.
• Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuhamba: Izixhobo ezifana neenduku, izixhobo zokuxhasa ukuhamba, izixhobo zokuhamba, kunye nezitulo ezinamavili zinokukunceda ukuphucula ukuhambahamba kwakho kwaye zithintele ukuwa. Zinokunceda ekunciphiseni ukudinwa.

Ngaba i-GBS ingathintelwa?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, i-Guillain-Barré syndrome ayinakuthintelwa. Abaphandi abasazi ukuba kutheni abanye abantu befumana i-GBS emva kokugula kanti abanye abayenzi. Nangona kunjalo, into enye onokuyenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokufumana i-GBS kukuhlala usempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka. La manyathelo anokunceda:

• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo.
• Hlala kude nabantu abaneflu yesisu okanye ezinye izifo.
• Qinisa amasosha omzimba wakho ngokutya ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.
• Gcina iindawo eziphathwa rhoqo ezifana neetafile, izinto zokudlala, izibambo zomnyango, iifowuni, kunye nezinto zokuhlambela zicocekile kwaye zihlanjululwe iintsholongwane.
• Fumana zonke iigonyo zakho ngexesha.

Ithini ingqikelelo yomntu one-GBS?

Ingqikelelo yomntu one-Guillain-Barré syndrome inokwahluka. Uninzi lwabantu abane-GBS bayachacha kakhulu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, malunga nama-30% abantu abadala - kunye nabantwana abaninzi - basenokuba nobuthathaka bemisipha ethile emva kweminyaka emithathu emva kokuxilongwa.

Ngaba isifo sikaGuillain-Barré sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, iimpawu zesifo sikaGuillain-Barré ziyaphucuka kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha nangonyango. Uninzi lwabantu luqala ukuchacha kwiiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu emva kokuqala kweempawu. Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze luchache ngokupheleleyo linokususela kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kunyaka nangaphezulu, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bemeko.

I-Guillain-Barré syndrome kunye nobomi bayo bonke

Abantu abachacha kwi-Guillain-Barré syndrome baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo. Ngaphantsi kwe-2% yabantu abafa ngenxa ye-GBS ngexesha lesigaba esiqatha. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zokufa ezinxulumene ne-GBS ziquka:

• Ukukrala kwemiphunga.
• I-Sepsis (ityhefu egazini).
• I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).
• Ukuqhekeka kwegazi emiphungeni (i-pulmonary embolism).
• Ukubanjwa kwe-cardiac.

Ndingazinyamekela njani ukuba ndine-GBS?

Inkqubo yokuchacha kwi-Guillain-Barré syndrome inokuba buthathaka kwabanye abantu. Musa ukuthandabuza ukufuna inkxaso yomzimba neyeemvakalelo kubantu obathandayo. Iqela lakho lezonyango likho ukuze likuncede.

Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso okanye ukukhubazeka kunokuba yinto ebangela uxinezeleko olukhulu. Ukuba uziva uxinezelekile malunga ne-GBS, thetha nengcali yezempilo yengqondo , njengengcali yezengqondo. Iqela lenkxaso linokukunceda uqhagamshelane nabanye abanamava neemvakalelo ezifanayo.

Isifo iGuillain-Barré (GBS) sisifo esibi kakhulu esinokutshintsha impilo yakho ngequbuliso. Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwabantu abaneGBS bayaphila kakuhle ngonyango. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha ixesha. Inkqubo yokuchacha inokuba nzima kwaye iyadinisa. Khumbula, iqela lakho lezonyango linawe kuyo yonke inyathelo. Kwaye ungalibali ukufumana inkxaso kubantu obathandayo.

Masikhumbule ezona zinto zibalulekileyo (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

• I-Guillain-Barré Syndrome sisifo esingaqhelekanga apho amajoni ethu omzimba ahlasela imithambo-luvo yethu.
• Oku kwenzeka rhoqo emva kosulelo olufana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye isifo sohudo.
• Iimpawu eziphambili kukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha kunye nokuba ndindisholo, kuqala emilenzeni kuze kudlulele emzimbeni ongaphezulu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ubunzima bokuginya, kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwemisipha yobuso nako kunokubakho.
• Ukuba ufumana ezi mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.Unyango olukhawulezileyo lubaluleke kakhulu.
• Unyango olufana ne-plasmapheresis kunye ne-IVIG lunokulawula isifo kwaye lukhawulezise ukuchacha.
• Kungathatha ixesha ukuba umntu aphile, kwaye kunokufuneka unyango lokubuyisela impilo yakhe kwimeko yesiqhelo njengonyango lomzimba.
• Nangona uninzi lwabantu luchacha ngokupheleleyo, abanye basenokuqhubeka benobuthathaka obuthile.
• Nangona kunzima ukuthintela oku, ungayinciphisa ingozi yakho ngokuhlala usempilweni.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

Isifo sikaGuillain -Barré, izifo zemithambo-luvo, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, ubuthathaka bemisipha, ukuba ndindisholo, i-GBS, izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba