Ngaba unomhlaza emlonyeni wakho? (Umhlaza weNtlalo eNqinileyo) - Masiqaphele oku!

Ngaba wakha waphawula into engaqhelekanga, njengesilonda esingapholiyo, kwindawo eqinileyo yophahla lomlomo wakho, indawo enzima esiyichukumisayo xa sithetha okanye sisitya? Mhlawumbi awuzange uyicinge kangako loo nto. Kodwa, umhlaza okhula eluphahleni lomlomo wakho, njengoko oogqirha bewubiza (umhlaza wentamo elukhuni) , yinto ekufuneka siyiqwalasele ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga, oko kuthetha ukuba lwenza ipesenti encinci yomhlaza womlomo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba mna nawe sikuqaphele oku.

Yintoni umhlaza we-Hard Palate?

Ngamafutshane, lo ngumhlaza okhula kwindawo enzima yophahla lomlomo wethu, i-palate enamathambo. Le palate yahlula umlomo wethu kwi-nose (indawo engaphakathi kwempumlo). Lo mhlaza ungavela kwiindidi ezimbini eziphambili. Olunye luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi -'Squamous Cell Carcinoma' . Olu luhlobo olukhula kwiiseli ezithe tyaba ezingaphakathi komlomo. Olunye luhlobo lomhlaza olunxulumene nee-salivary glands '(Salivary Gland Cancer)' .

Cinga ngayo, ifana nengxaki encinci ngophahla lwendlu yethu enokonakalisa wonke umdlalo. Uphahla lomlomo wethu lukwayindawo ebaluleke kakhulu kuthi yokuthetha nokutya. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka siyinyamekele.

Lo mhlaza awuqhelekanga kangako. Kwanakwiizwe ezifana ne-United States, umhlaza womlomo umalunga ne-3% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza. Phakathi kwezi, yi-1% ukuya kwi-5% kuphela ezizezomhlaza ze-palate ephezulu. Nangona kunjalo, nangona ungaqhelekanga, impembelelo yawo emntwini inkulu kakhulu.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu esinokuzifumana kule meko. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba nawe ukhe wazibona ezi mpawu.

• Isilonda esiphezu komlomo esingapholiyo: Olu luphawu oluphambili noluqhelekileyo. Ukuba siqala njengesilonda esincinci kwaye asipholi ngokuhamba kwexesha, kufuneka ukrokre.
• Umlomo ombi (iHalitosis): Ukuba usenevumba elibi emlonyeni wakho nasemva kokuxukuxa nokuhlamba umlomo wakho, oko kungaba luphawu.
• Ukuziva ngathi amazinyo akho ayakhululeka: Ukuba amazinyo akho azive ekhululekile okanye eshukuma kancinci.
• Kwabo banxiba amazinyo okufakelwa: Ukuba unxiba amazinyo okufakelwa, asenokungangeni kakuhle emlonyeni wakho njengoko ayenjalo ngaphambili, kwaye asenokuvakala exinene.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (Dysphagia): Ukuziva ukrwitshwa okanye ubunzima bokuginya ukutya okanye isiselo.
• Iqhuma entanyeni: Ngamanye amaxesha ungaziva iqhuma elincinci okanye iqhuma elifana neqhuma ecaleni kwentamo yakho. Oku kusenokuba kungenxa yokudumba kwee-lymph nodes.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, nceda ufune ingcebiso kagqirha . Musa ukuyityeshela.

Yintoni ebangela lo mhlaza?

Ngokutsho kwabaphandi bezonyango, kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili ezibangela uphuhliso lolu hlobo lomhlaza:

1. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba:Ukusetyenziswa kweecuba, iicuba, ii-beedis, kunye necuba elingenamsi (umz., icuba lokuhlafuna) yimbangela enkulu yoku.

2. Ukusela utywala: Ukusela utywala rhoqo nangokugqithisileyo nako kwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza.

"Enyanisweni, ukuba usela utywala ngelixa utshaya, le ngozi iyanda nangakumbi."

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba isifo esifana nesi asinyangwa kakuhle, asiyi kuhlala apho nje kuphela. Iiseli zomhlaza ziya kuqala ukusasazeka.

• Ingasasazeka kuqala iye kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni.
• Emva koko, inokusasaza nakwiindawo ezingaphakathi kwempumlo.
• Iiseli zomhlaza ezifikelele kwii-lymph nodes zinokuhamba emzimbeni wonke zize zenze ii-tumor ezintsha, okanye ii-metastases , kwezinye izitho. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, imeko iba mandundu nangakumbi.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Umzekelo:

• "Ingaba uneentlungu eluswini lwakho?"
• "Ukususela nini wabona utshintsho kuloo nxeba?"
• "Ingaba iya isiba nkulu?"
• "Ingaba inxeba liphuma igazi?"
• "Ingaba kunzima ukuginya?"

Ukongeza, singakubuza nangeminye yemikhwa yakho:

• "Ngaba uyayisebenzisa icuba (iicuba, icuba lokuhlafuna, njl.njl.)?"
• "Usebenzisa utywala obungakanani?"

Emva koko, ugqirha uza kuhlola ngononophelo ingaphakathi lomlomo wakho aze azive iziqwenga entanyeni yakho ukuze abone ukuba ziyadumba na.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Emva kweempawu kunye novavanyo lokuqala, kuya kufuneka kwenziwe iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa isifo kunye nokufumanisa ubungakanani baso.

1. Uvavanyo lwe-Biopsy:

Olu lolona vavanyo luphambili lokufumanisa ukuba ngumhlaza okanye akunjalo. Okwenziwayo apha kukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili esikwisilonda okanye ithumba size silihlole phantsi kwemicroscope ukuze sibone ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngoogqirha abaziingcali ababizwa ngokuba yi -'Medical Pathologists' . Kwimeko yomhlaza womlomo ongasentla, bajonga ukuba ingaba isicwili sinazo na iimpawu ze-'Squamous Cell Carcinoma' kunye ne-'Salivary Gland Cancer'.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokwenza i-biopsy:

• `I-Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy`: Isampulu encinci yeeseli isuswa kwithumba kusetyenziswa inaliti encinci kunye nesirinji.
• `I-Punch Biopsy`: Kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci kwithumba ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo kwaye kuthathwa iqhekeza lesicwili.
• I-Incisional Biopsy: Kwenziwa umsikelo omncinci kwaye kususwe isiqwenga sethishu kwithumba nge-scalpel.

2. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso:

Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba ngumhlaza, ezi mvavanyo zenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza mkhulu kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani.

• `I-Computed Tomography (CT) Scan` (I-CT Scan):Oku kusenza sibone ngokucacileyo ubungakanani bomhlaza, nokuba usasazeke kwithambo lekhaka, okanye nokuba usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes entanyeni.
• I-`Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan` (PET scan): Oku kunceda ukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza awusasazekanga kuphela kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, kodwa nakwiindawo ezikude zomzimba, njengemiphunga.

Zithini izigaba zomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko?

Oogqirha basebenzisa ulwazi oluvela kwiimvavanyo (i-biopsy, ii-scan) ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla ukuze bafumanise inqanaba lomhlaza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -cancer staging . Ngamafutshane, ikuxelela ukuba umhlaza ukhule kangakanani kwaye usasazeke kangakanani. Uhlobo olufanayo lwenkqubo yokulinganisa lusetyenziswa phantse kuzo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza womlomo.

Kule meko, kusetyenziswa indlela ebizwa ngokuba yi-`TNM` method :

• I-T (i-Tumor): Oku kubhekisa kubungakanani kunye nendawo ye-tumor. Kukwajonga nokuba i-tumor ingene kangakanani kwizicubu (`ubunzulu bokuhlasela`).
• N (Amaqhuqhuva): Oku kukuxelela ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane, kwaye ukuba kunjalo, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba elingakanani.
• M (Metastasis): Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umhlaza usasazeke na (usasazeke) kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba (umz., imiphunga, isibindi, amathambo) ukusuka apho waqala khona.

Amatyala ethumba abizwa ngoonobumba u-T:

• I-Tis `(Carcinoma in situ)`: Eli lelona nqanaba lokuqala. Iiseli zomhlaza zikwimaleko enye yezicubu.
• T1: Ithumba limalunga neesentimitha ezi-2 okanye ngaphantsi. Ubunzulu bokungena kwezicubu buziimilimitha ezi-5 okanye ngaphantsi.
• T2: Ubukhulu bethumba buphakathi kweesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4. Ubunzulu bokungena kwezicubu buphakathi kweemilimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezili-10.
• I-T3: Ithumba likhulu kuneesentimitha ezi-4, okanye likhule nzulu kuneemilimitha ezili-10 kwizicubu.
• I-T4: Ithumba lisasazeke emathanjeni akufutshane (umz., ukhakhayi, amathambo empumlo).

Amanqanaba aphambili kumanani (Amanqanaba I-IV):

Ngoku, la manqanaba aphambili amiselwa ngokuqokelela olo lwazi lwe-'TNM'.

• Inqanaba lokuQala: Ithumba likwinqanaba le-T1 (ngaphantsi kwe-2 cm, ngaphantsi kwe-5 mm ubunzulu). Alikasasazeka kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes okanye kwiindawo ezikude.
• Inqanaba lesiBini: Ithumba likwinqanaba le-T2 (2-4 cm, ubunzulu obuyi-5-10 mm). Alisasasazeki kwiindawo ze-lymph okanye kwiindawo ezikude.
• Inqanaba lesi-3: Ithumba lisenokuba yi-T3 (likhulu kune-4 cm, okanye linzulu kune-10 mm), okanye lisenokuba yi-T1 okanye i-T2, kodwa lisasazeke kwi-lymph node enye ekufutshane (ekufuneka nayo ibe ngaphantsi kwe-3 cm). Alisasazekanga kwiindawo ezikude.
• Inqanaba lesi-IV: Eli lahlulwe laba ngamacandelo amathathu (i-IVa, i-IVb, i-IVc).
• IVa: Ithumba likwinqanaba le-T4a (lisasazeka emathanjeni, kulusu olujikelezileyo, njl.njl.) okanye lisasazeke kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye, okanye lisasazeke kwi-node enkulu. Kodwa alisasazeki ngaphaya komngxuma wempumlo.
• IVb:Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwentloko yolusu, okanye uye kwiindawo ezinzulu zentamo, ezifana nezihlunu kunye nemisipha, okanye ukwinqanaba le-T4b (usasazeke uye ezantsi kwentloko yolusu, ujikeleze imithambo yegazi ephambili entanyeni).
• IVc: Umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwamathambo entamo nangasentla ukuya kwiindawo ezikude emzimbeni (umz., imiphunga).

Le nkqubo yokucwangcisa isenokubonakala inzima kancinci, kodwa ungakhathazeki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela yonke into. Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo, ungoyiki ukubuza kwakhona.

Iphathwa njani le nto?

Kwiimeko ezininzi, unyango oluphambili lomhlaza wentloko nentamo lutyando lokususa ithumba. Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, ezo ndawo zisenokufuna ukususwa ngotyando.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zotyando:

1. Utyando lweMaxillectomy: Olu lutyando lokususa ithumba elinomhlaza eluphahleni lomlomo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kungenziwa umngxuma omncinci eluphahleni lomlomo ukuze kususwe ithumba. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ithumba likhulu, inxalenye okanye lonke uphahla lomlomo kunokufuneka lisuswe. Ukuvala umngxuma oshiyekileyo ngokususwa kwale thumba, oogqirha basebenzisa ipleyiti ekhethekileyo ye-acrylic ebizwa ngokuba yi -'palatal plate' (efana neseti yamazinyo okwenziwa). Okanye, bathabatha izicubu kwenye indawo yomzimba (njengengalo okanye umlenze) baze bazalise umngxuma (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'flap surgery').

2. Ukuqhaqhwa kwentamo: Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unokusasazeka uye kwiindawo ze-lymph entanyeni, kwaye ukuba uyenzeka, unokusasazeka emzimbeni wonke, oogqirha ngamanye amaxesha basusa ezinye okanye zonke iindawo ze-lymph entanyeni.

Iingxaki ezinokubakho kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango

Kukho iingxaki ezithile ezinokwenzeka ngotyando. Kukwalungile ukwazi ezi:

• Ubunzima bokuthetha, ukuginya, nokutya: Emva kotyando lwe-cleft palate, kunokuba nzima ukuhlafuna nokuginya ukutya. Usenokuba nobunzima bokuthetha. Oku kungadinga utyando olongezelelweyo okanye unyango lokuthetha.
• Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo: Ngexesha lotyando lokususa iqhuma entanyeni, eminye yemithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo inokwenzakala.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukongeza kutyando, unyango lwemitha okanye i-chemotherapy lunokunikwa, kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lomhlaza kunye nezinye izinto.

Ngaba lo mhlaza ungathintelwa?

Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukuyithintela ngokupheleleyo, kukho izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko. Masiziqaphele zonke ezi zinto:

• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa icuba: Ukuba utshaya icuba okanye usebenzisa ezinye iintlobo zecuba, zama ukuyeka . Ukuba ufuna uncedo ngale nto, thetha nogqirha uze ufumane ulwazi ngeenkqubo ezikhoyo.
• Nciphisa utywala:Ukuba usela utywala rhoqo, yehlisa ubungakanani kunye nokuphindaphindwa kokusela. Ukuba ucinga ukuba unengxaki ngotywala, funa iingcebiso zonyango malunga naloo nto.
• Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kunye neziqhamo nemifuno emininzi.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwamazinyo: Ukuhlolwa umlomo wakho ngugqirha wamazinyo ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nokuhlolwa komhlaza womlomo ubuncinane rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithathu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40, kwaye rhoqo ngonyaka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40.

Ngaba umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko unganyangeka?

Ewe, inokunyangeka . Ingakumbi kwizigaba zokuqala, oko kuthetha ukuba ukuba ithumba lifunyenwe lisemncinci, kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ithumba likhulu kwaye lisasazekile, unyango luba nzima ngakumbi. Kwakhona, nokuba linyangekile emva konyango, ngamanye amaxesha lo mhlaza 'unokuphinda ubuye' emva kweminyaka emininzi. Yiyo loo nto kucetyiswa ukuba kuqhutyekwe nokuya kuvavanyo lwezonyango.

Ndingazinyamekela njani? Ndingenza ntoni emva konyango?

Ukuba unomhlaza womlomo ongasentla, ungadinga uncedo lokulawula iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga (ezifana nobunzima bokuginya) emva konyango. Oku kungabandakanya inkxaso evela kwiingcali zezondlo kunye neengcali zentetho.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuya rhoqo kuvavanyo lwezonyango . Oku kubalulekile ukuze kuhlolwe ukuba umhlaza awuphinde ubuye na kwaye kujongwe impilo yakho iyonke.

Ngokweengcebiso zeNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), uhlolo kufuneka luqhubeke ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 emva kokuba unyango lugqityiwe. Nantsi ishedyuli:

• Unyaka wokuqala: Kanye rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezintathu.
• Unyaka wesibini: Rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu.
• Ukususela kunyaka wesihlanu ukuya koweshumi: Kanye ngonyaka.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ungabuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• "Ngaba eli thumba lingasuswa ngotyando?"
• "Utyando luza kundichaphazela njani?"
• "Ngaba olu tyando luza kundiphilisa ngokupheleleyo?"
• "Ngaba kuya kufuneka ndenze utyando olungaphezu kolunye?"
• "Zeziphi ezinye iindlela zonyango endiza kuzidinga?"

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Umhlaza we-Hard palate sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinokuba yingozi. Ukusetyenziswa kwecuba kunye nokusela utywala kakhulu zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibangela umngcipheko. Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nezilonda ezingapheliyo emlonyeni wakho, ubunzima bokuginya, okanye umoya onukayo, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko . Ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba, utyando lunokuphelisa esi sifo. Kubalulekile nokuba uhlolwe rhoqo emva konyango. Nyamekela impilo yakho.

Umhlaza weNtlalo elukhuni , umhlaza weNtlalo engentla, umhlaza womlomo, i-Squamous Cell Carcinoma, umhlaza we-salivary gland, iimpawu zomhlaza