Ngaba nawe unengxaki yokuva? Makhe sithethe ngokulahlekelwa kukuva!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi umntu uyathetha xa ethetha? Okanye ngaba kunzima ukuva oko kuthethwa ngokucacileyo xa uthetha ngefowuni okanye ubukele iTV? Okanye ngaba kufuneka ubuze abanye abantu rhoqo, "Bathini?"? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuba ukuva kwakho kubuthathaka kancinci. Makhe sithethe ngale nto ngokweenkcukacha, kuba ichaphazela abantu abaninzi.

Yintoni Ukulahlekelwa Kukuva?

Ngamafutshane, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kukungakwazi ukubona izandi ngokufanelekileyo xa inxalenye ethile yenkqubo yethu yokuva ichaphazeleka. Ukuba unengxaki yokuva, unokuba nobunzima bokuqonda nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiincoko. Kunokuba nzima ukuqonda xa uthetha ngefowuni, kwintlanganiso ye-intanethi, okanye xa ubukele iTV, akunjalo? Khawucinge indlela ebekuya kuba buhlungu ngayo ukuba ubuthetha nabahlobo bakho baze badideke.

Le meko inokuchaphazela umsebenzi wakho, ubudlelwane bakho, kwanolonwabo lwakho lobomi. Rhoqo, kunzima ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo ukulahlekelwa kukuva. Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Iingcali zendlebe - oogqirha abaziingcali ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni iingxaki zokuva - balapha ukukunceda. Banokucebisa unyango olulungele wena, olufana nezixhobo zokuva okanye ii-cochlear implants . Ezi zinokunciphisa kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwakho.

Ngaba le yimeko eqhelekileyo ngokwenene?

Ewe, ngenene. Oku kwenzeka kubantu abaninzi kunokuba unokucinga. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi liphela zinengxaki yokungaziva kakuhle.

• Abanye abantu banokuba nokulahlekelwa kukuva kwindlebe enye kuphela, nto leyo esiyibiza ngokuba yilahleko yokuva ecaleni kwelinye icala .
• Kwakhona, njengoko sikhula - ngokomyinge, malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-65 ubudala, kunye nomnye kwababini abaneminyaka engaphezu kwama-75 ubudala - ukulahleka kokuva okunxulumene nobudala kwenzeka.
• Le meko inokubonwa nakwiintsana ezincinci. Xa sithetha nje, malunga neentsana ezimbini kwiwaka ngalinye zizalwa zineengxaki zokuva.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeengxaki zokuva?

Kulungile, ngaba zonke ezi ngxaki zokuva ziyafana? Hayi, kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle: Oku kwenzeka xa kukho ukuvaleka kwendlela amaza esandi adlula ngayo endlebeni yakho engaphandle (i-eardrum, umjelo wendlebe) okanye endlebeni ephakathi (i-eardrum, amathambo amathathu amancinci endlebeni). Kufana nendlela evaliweyo.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural:Oku kwenzeka xa indlebe yakho yangaphakathi (i-cochlea, inxalenye yengqondo yakho eyenza umthambo wakho wokuva) yonakele ngokuhamba kwexesha. Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu, olu hlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva lunokwenzeka ngequbuliso, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Lubizwa ngokuba yiSudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (SSLL) , okanye ukungeva ngequbuliso .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo: Njengoko igama lisitsho, oku kunokubandakanya iingxaki zendlebe yakho ephakathi okanye yangaphandle (oko kukuthi, ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangela uqhushumbo) kunye neengxaki zendlebe yakho yangaphakathi (oko kukuthi, ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuva).

Ndingayazi njani ukuba ndinale meko? (Iimpawu)

Uninzi lwexesha, ukulahleka kokuva kwenzeka kancinci kancinci. Ngoko ke abanye abantu abakuboni nokukubona ekuqaleni. Kodwa qaphela ezi mpawu, kuba ukuba unenye okanye ezingaphezulu, kulungile ukuzinika ingqalelo.

• Ngaba kufuneka usoloko ubuza abanye , "Utheni?" kwakhona?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokuqonda incoko xa ufowunelwa okanye ukwindawo enengxolo efana nendawo yokutyela?
• Ngaba uziva ngathi uyahleba xa abanye abantu bethetha?
• Awuziva izandi eziphezulu ezifana nezeentaka?
• Ngaba kufuneka unyuse isandi seTV, ikhompyutha okanye itablet yakho?
• Ngaba uyasiva isandi sokukhala okanye sokugquma (tinnitus) ezindlebeni zakho?
• Ngaba uneentlungu zendlebe ?
• Ngaba indlebe yakho ivakala ngathi igcwele into ethile, ngathi kukho ulwelo ngaphakathi?
• Ngaba unengxaki yokulinganisela okanye isiyezi ?

Ungayibona njani le meko kubantwana abancinci?

Ukuqaphela le meko kubantwana abancinci kwahlukile kancinci. Njengabazali, kufuneka silumke kakhulu ngale nto.

Iimpawu zeentsana:

• Basenokungaphenduli kwingxolo enkulu (umz., ukuvalwa kocango, ingxolo enkulu ngequbuliso).
• Kwanasemva kweenyanga ezi-6 , basenokungayijiki intloko yabo kwicala lesandi .
• Kwanasemva konyaka , basenokungakwazi ukuthetha amagama ahlukeneyo afana nokuthi "mama" kunye "notata."
• Basenokungaphenduli xa ubabiza ngegama.

Iimpawu zabantwana abadala:

• Ndisoloko ndibuza "Huh?" "Yintoni?"
• Baqala ukuthetha emva kwexesha kunabanye abantwana abalingana nabo.
• Amagama awacaci xa ethetha.
• Akayilandeli imiyalelo (mhlawumbi kuba akayiva).
• Ndinyusa kakhulu ivolumu yeTV kunye netablet .

Kutheni kukho ukulahleka kokuva kwezi ndlebe? (Izizathu)

Kulungile, kutheni ke ngoko oku kuphulukana nokuva kwenzeka? Zininzi izizathu. Umzekelo, ukuvezwa ngequbuliso kwingxolo enkulu - njengokuya kwimiboniso yomculo omkhulu - kunokuchaphazela ukuva kwakho.

Izizathu zokulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa kukuhamba kwendlebe:

• Indlebe izaliswe yi-earwax .
• Ukuqokelelana kolwelo endlebeni ephakathi ngenxa yomkhuhlane kunye nee-aleji.
• Usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi (i-Otitis media) .
• Usulelo lwendlebe olubangelwa kukungena kwamanzi endlebeni xa udada (i-Otitis externa) - ekwabizwa ngokuba yi "indlebe yombhukudi".
• Ukwanda kolwelo endlebeni ephakathi ngenxa yeengxaki zetyhubhu ye-Eustachian - ityhubhu edibanisa indlebe ephakathi nomphimbo.
• I-eardrum ekrazukileyo .
• Iithumba zendlebe (ezi zinokuba ngumhlaza okanye zibe yingozi).
• Kukho into ebambeke endlebeni. Umzekelo, umntwana wakho angafumana iqhekeza elincinci lento yokudlala okanye ilekese oyinike etafileni yesidlo sangokuhlwa inamathele endlebeni yakhe!
• Ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa zibangela ukuba indlebe ephakathi okanye yangaphandle yomntwana ingakhuli kakuhle.

Izizathu zokulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-sensorineural:

• Ukwaluphala (le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo).
• Izifo ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi emithanjeni yegazi , uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu , isifo sohlangothi , kunye nesifo seswekile .
• Ukonakala kwendlebe okubangelwa ngamanye amayeza (i-ototoxicity) - amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namayeza okulwa nomhlaza yimizekelo yoku.
• Ezinye iimeko zemfuza ezizuzwa njengelifa .
• Ukubetheka nzima entloko .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa yingxolo . Oku kwenzeka xa usebenza kwiindawo ezinengxolo, ezinje ngeefektri neendawo zokwakha, ixesha elide, okanye xa usebenzisa ii-headphones ngesandi esiphezulu.
• Iintsholongwane ezifana ne -cytomegalovirus (CMV), edluliselwa kumama ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokuzalwa.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo:

Oku kukudibanisa zombini izizathu ezibangela ukukhupha umoya kunye neemvakalelo ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Oku kuthetha ukuba kuchaphazela indlebe yakho yangaphandle nephakathi kunye nendlebe yakho yangaphakathi. Umzekelo, ukuba uthatha iyeza elichaphazela indlebe yakho yangaphakathi kwaye ngempazamo yaqhuma i-eardrum yakho, ngoko unengxaki yokuva exutyiweyo.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubangela oku?

Zithini iziphumo ezingezizo zokuva? Enyanisweni, kunokukwenza uzive ungenanto yakwenza nehlabathi. Ungaziva uphoxekile, unomsindo, kwaye unenzondo . Abantu abanengxaki yokuva kakhulu banokuba nexhala okanye uxinezeleko.Kukwakho neengxaki zengqondo ezinokubakho ezinje ngezi: Abantwana abanengxaki yokuva banokuba nobunzima bokugxila kumsebenzi wesikolo kwaye banokuba namanqaku aphantsi. Kwakhona, uphando lufumanise unxibelelwano phakathi kokulahlekelwa kukuva kubantu abadala kunye ne-dementia, isifo sokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, ugqirha ufumanisa njani oku?

Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze enze uvavanyo lomzimba. Baza kujonga ukuba akukho zifo zendlebe kunye nezinye iingxaki. Ukuba unesilonda endlebeni yakho okanye ukrokrela ukuba unento efana nethumba endlebeni yakho, banokuyalela i -CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i -MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) .

Emva koko, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali ye-audiologist , okanye ungabonana ngqo nengcali ye-audiologist. Ingcali ye-audiologist yileyo yenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lokuva .

Nazi ezinye zezona zilingo zixhaphakileyo:

• Uvavanyo lwethoni ecocekileyo: Olu lolona vavanyo luqhelekileyo. Lulinganisa isandi esisezantsi onokusiva kwisandi ngasinye. Uvezwa kwezi zandi ngee-headphones okanye ii-earplugs. Uvavanyo lokuqhuba amathambo lwenziwa ngokubeka isixhobo entlokweni yakho. Ngokwenza uvavanyo lwe-headphone/plug kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba amathambo, ingcali ye-audiologist inokukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva onalo.
• Uvavanyo lokukhupha i-Otoacoustic emissions (OAE): Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo indlebe yakho yangaphakathi. Lulinganisa izandi ezikhutshwa ziiseli ezincinci ezikwindlebe yangaphakathi.
• I-Tympanometry: Oku kulinganisa indlela i-eardrum yakho ehamba ngayo. Ingafumanisa izinto ezifana ne-eardrum eqhumayo, ulwelo oluphakathi kwendlebe, kunye nokwakheka kwe-eardrum.

Zithini iinqanaba zokulahlekelwa kukuva?

Emva kovavanyo lokuva, ingcali ye-audiologist iya kukubonisa iziphumo ize ichaze ukuba zithetha ukuthini. Rhoqo, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kuhlelwa ngokwe -'degree of loss' . Oku kubhekisa kwindlela izandi eziphezulu ekufuneka zibe ngayo ukuze ziviwe. Ngokutsho kwe-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, la manqanaba ngala:

• Eqhelekileyo
• Kancinci
• Ubuthambileyo
• Iphakathi
• Inzima ngokuphakathi
• Inzima kakhulu
• Inzima kakhulu (Inzulu)

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iindlela zonyango zoku. Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokulahlekelwa kukuva onalo.

Unyango lokulahlekelwa kukuva okubangela uqhushululu:

• Amayeza afana nee-antibiotics zosulelo lwendlebe.
• Utyando: I-Tympanoplasty yokulungisa i-eardrum ephukileyo, ukubekwa kweetyhubhu kwindlebe ephakathi (ebizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu zendlebe), i-tympanostomy, okanye utyando lokususa i-earwax .
• Iindlela zokususa i-earwax okanye ezinye izinto ezinamatheleyo endlebeni.

Unyango lokulahlekelwa kukuva nge-sensorineural:

• Amayeza afana ne -corticosteroids - La anikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba ukuba iiseli zeenwele ezithambileyo kwi-cochlea yakho zonakaliswe kukuchatshazelwa yingxolo enkulu.
• Ulawulo: Izixhobo zokuncedisa ukuva kunye nee-cochlear implants zinceda ekuqondeni kakuhle.

Unyango lokulahlekelwa kukuva okuxutyiweyo:

• Unyango loku luxhomekeke kwiingxaki ezithile ezichaphazela indlebe yakho yangaphandle, ephakathi, neyangaphakathi. Isenokuba yindibaniselwano yazo zombini ezi ndlela zonyango zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango?

Njengakwezinye iindlela zonyango, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, ingakumbi xa kusenziwa utyando.

• Njengengxaki ye-tympanoplasty , ngamanye amaxesha i-eardrum isenokungakheki kakuhle emva kotyando (ukungaphumeleli kwe-graft) .
• Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ze-tympanostomy zingabandakanya ukuvaleka kwe-eardrum (tympanosclerosis) , usulelo lwendlebe oluphindaphindayo, okanye ulwelo oluqhubekayo oluvela endlebeni (i-otorrhea) .
• Unyango lweziqwenga zendlebe ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela ukulahleka kokuva okungakumbi, iingxaki zokulinganisela, kunye nobuthathaka kwelinye icala lobuso.
• Utyando lokufakelwa kwe-cochlear lunokuchaphazela ibhalansi yakho, okanye ukuva okushiyekileyo, nokuba ulahlekelwe kakhulu kukuva. Amaxesha amaninzi, olu tyando lunokubangela umonakalo wemithambo-luvo okanye ukuvuza kolwelo lwe-cerebrospinal .

Ngaba oku kungathintelwa?

Ngoko ke, ngaba ikho into esinokuyenza ukuthintela oku kuphulukana nokuva?

Enyanisweni, asinakukuthintela ezinye iintlobo zokulahlekelwa kukuva (ezifana nezo ziza nokwaluphala). Nangona kunjalo, ingxolo egqithisileyo yeyona nto inokuthintelwa. Ngoko ke, ukuphepha iimeko kunye neendawo ezinezinga eliphezulu lengxolo kangangoko kunokwenzeka kunokukunceda uthintele ukulahlekelwa kukuva okubangelwa yingxolo .

Ukuba oko akunakwenzeka, yenza ezi zinto ukuze ukhusele iindlebe zakho:

• Sebenzisa ii-earplugs okanye ii-earmuff xa usezikonsathini, ukhwele iibhayisekile, ujikeleze iibhendi ezinesandi esikhulu emitshatweni, okanye xa usebenza ngoomatshini abanesandi esikhulu.
• Yehlisa ivolumu. Xa umamele umculo ngee-headphones okanye ii-earbuds, gcina ivolumu iphantsi ngokwaneleyo ukuze uve abantu abakungqongileyo bethetha. Omnye umthetho olungileyo kukuba ungamameli umculo ongaphezulu kwe-80% yevolumu ngaphezulu kwemizuzu engama-90 ngosuku.
• Musa ukufaka nantoni na emjelweni wendlebe. Izinto ezifana neekotoni, ii-hairpins, kunye nezihluthulelo zinokunamathela endlebeni okanye zibhoboze i-eardrum.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya. Ukutshaya kuyaphazamisa ukujikeleza kwegazi kwaye kunokuchaphazela nokuva.
• Ukuzilolonga rhoqo. Kunceda ekuthinteleni izifo ezinokuchaphazela ukuva, ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye uthintele umonakalo ongakumbi.

Ndimele ndilindele ntoni? Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Ukuba unengxaki yokuva, yintoni onokuyilindela? Ungazinyamekela njani?

Kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwimeko yakho. Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okuthile kungokwexeshana. Umzekelo, kunokwenzeka xa unomkhuhlane, ufaka amanzi endlebeni yakho ngelixa udada (indlebe yombhukudi), okanye kukho into ebambekayo endlebeni yakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwe-sensorineural kunye nokulahlekelwa kukuva okunxulumene nobudala kudla ngokuba yinto engapheliyo. Nangona kunjalo, unokubuyisela uninzi lokuva kwakho ngezixhobo zokuva okanye ii-cochlear implants.

Ukuphila nokulahlekelwa kukuva, nokuba unyangwa, kunokuba nzima ngamanye amaxesha. Kunokubakho amaxesha apho ungeva kakuhle ngendlela obungathanda ngayo. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, licebo elihle ukuxelela abanye ukuba ulahlekelwe kukuva. Oku kuya kwenza kube lula kubo ukukunceda nokukuqonda.

Le meko ingayichaphazela nempilo yakho yengqondo . Nokuba unyango lukhona, ungaziva udandathekile okanye uxhalabile. Ukuba uvakalelwa ngolu hlobo, thetha nogqirha okanye umhlobo ngayo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha? Zeziphi imibuzo endifanele ndizibuze zona?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukuva kwakho kuya kusiba mandundu, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ungadinga uhlobo olwahlukileyo loncedo lokuva.

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lokuva luqinisekisa ukuba unengxaki yokuva, ungabuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:

• Yintoni ebangela ukuba ndingakwazi ukuva kakuhle?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuphucula ukuva kwam?
• Ngaba ukulahlekelwa kwam kukuva kuya kuba mandundu?
• Ngaba ndifanele ndicinge ngotyando lwe-cochlear implant ? (Xa ndilahlekelwe kakhulu kukuva)

Umahluko phakathi kokulahlekelwa kukuva nokungeva

Ngamafutshane, ukulahlekelwa kukuvaUmntu onengxaki yokuva usenako ukuva ngokwaneleyo ukuqonda intetho (nangona mhlawumbi kunzima). Ukuva kwakhe kunokuphuculwa ngezixhobo zokuva okanye ezinye iindlela zonyango.

Umntu ongevayo uva kancinci okanye akava nto. Izixhobo ezifana nezixhobo zokuva azincedi. Umntu ongevayo angasebenzisa ulwimi lwezandla ukunxibelelana.

Ngaba ukulahlekelwa kukuva kukukhubazeka?

Amanye amazwe, umzekelo, anemithetho efana noMthetho wamaMerika oKhubazekileyo (i-ADA) . Ngokwaloo mithetho, ezinye iimeko zonyango ezichaphazela kakhulu imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla zithathwa njengokukhubazeka. Ukulahlekelwa kukuva yenye yezi meko, kodwa nokuba kuthathwa njengokukhubazeka okanye akunjalo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokulahlekelwa kukuva. ISri Lanka ikwanayo nemithetho nemigaqo-nkqubo kule nkalo.

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kunokuba yinto yexeshana, kodwa abantu abaninzi banokulahlekelwa kukuva okungapheliyo okungenakunyangeka. Oku kunokukwenza uzive ngathi uphoswa zizinto ezininzi ebomini, kwaye kunokukwenza uzive udanile, unesizungu, okanye udandathekile. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ulahlekelwe kukuva, thetha nogqirha okanye ingcali ye-audiologist. Banokukunceda ukhethe eyona ndlela ingcono yokuphucula ukuva kwakho.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Okokugqibela, ndinokukuxelela oku:

Ukulahlekelwa kukuva akuqhelekanga njengoko unokucinga. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungazityesheli. Kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza. Kukho unyango olufumanekayo ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu, kwaye unokuthintela imeko ukuba ibe mandundu.

Khumbula, iindlebe zakho zezona zinto zimbini zixabisekileyo ebomini bakho. Ngoko ke zinyamekele. Zigcine kude neengxolo ezinkulu, ungafaki izinto ezingafunekiyo ezindlebeni zakho, kwaye ulandele imikhwa emihle yococeko.

Awuwedwa, kwaye baninzi abantu abanokukunceda. Musa ukoyika, ungathandabuzi, kwaye ufumane uncedo olufunayo. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yokuva kuya kunceda ukuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho.

Ukuva , ukukhubazeka kokuva, ukungeva, iingxaki zendlebe, uncedo lokuva, i-cochlear implant, i-audiologist, ukulahleka kokuva