Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uneengxaki zendlebe? Masifunde ngqo malunga nosulelo lwendlebe (Otitis Media)!

Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci ukhalaza ngequbuliso ngentlungu yendlebe? Ngaba uvuka ebusuku ekhala? Okanye uhlala echukumisa okanye etsala indlebe yakhe? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zosulelo lwendlebe . Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngosulelo lwendlebe, okanye oko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-acute otitis media . Ungakhathazeki, oku kuqhelekile kakhulu kubantwana abancinci.

Yintoni isifo sendlebe (Otitis Media)? Masiqonde ngokulula!

Ngamafutshane, usulelo lwendlebe lusulelo oluvela ngaphakathi kwendlebe yakho ephakathi . Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni indlebe ephakathi. Indlebe ephakathi yindawo encinci egcwele umoya phakathi kwenxalenye engaphandle yendlebe yakho kunye nenxalenye engaphakathi yendlebe yakho. Ngokuchanekileyo, yindawo ephakathi kwe -eardrum yakho kunye nendlebe yakho engaphakathi. Indlebe ephakathi yikhaya lamathambo amathathu amancinci kakhulu asinceda sive isandi. Ukungcangcazela kwesandi okubetha i-eardrum kuhamba ngala mathambo ukuya endlebeni engaphakathi, apho sinokuziva khona.

Kukho iityhubhu ezimbini ezincinci ezidibana nendlebe ephakathi zize ziye ngasemva komphimbo. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu ze-Eustachian . Ezi tyhubhu zilawula uxinzelelo lomoya ngaphakathi kwendlebe kwaye zithintele ulwelo ukuba lungaqokeleli kwindlebe ephakathi. Khawucinge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi tyhubhu ze-Eustachian zingasebenzi kakuhle? Emva koko ulwelo olukwindlebe ephakathi alukwazi ukuphuma kakuhle. Emva koko indlebe inokuzaliswa lulwelo, nto leyo eyenza ivakale inzima kwaye kunzima ukuva.

Ngoku, xa usulelo lwendlebe luvela ngenxa yeentsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya , ulwelo olukwindlebe ephakathi nalo luyasuleleka. Kulapho ke indlebe iqala ukuba buhlungu kwaye, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, indlebe iziva inzima.

Zixhaphake kangakanani izifo zendlebe?

Enyanisweni, usulelo lwendlebe ephakathi lolona sifo sixhaphakileyo kubantwana abancinci, ngaphandle komkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Luxhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 neminyaka emi-2 ubudala. Lunokuvela ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Oku akuthethi ukuba abantwana abadala kunye nabo bakhulileyo kancinci abafumani usulelo lwendlebe, kodwa aluxhaphakanga njengakubantwana abancinci.

Kutheni abantwana abancinci befumana usulelo lwendlebe oluninzi kunabantu abadala?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• Umahluko kwiityhubhu ze-Eustachian: Iityhubhu ze-Eustachian zabantwana abancinci azikhulanga kakuhle njengezabantu abadala. Zikwafumaneka ngokuthe tye. Kwabantu abadala, zithambekele kancinci ezantsi, nto leyo evumela ulwelo ukuba luphume lula. Kwabantwana, oku akunjalo, ngoko ke ulwelo lunokuqokelelana ngasemva kwe-eardrum. Cinga ngalo njengombhobho wamanzi ongathambekanga kakuhle, nto leyo ebangela ukuba amanzi abambeke.
• Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka: Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela yabantwana abancinci, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela elwa nezifo, ayikakhuli ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke abanakho ukumelana nezifo okuncinci.
• Ukusasaza izifo kwabanye abantu:Abantwana abancinci, ingakumbi abo bafunda kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana, banamathuba amaninzi okufumana izifo kwabanye abantwana. Ukuba omnye umntwana ufumana umkhuhlane, unokusasaza ngokukhawuleza kwabanye.

Zithini iimpawu zosulelo lwendlebe?

Iimpawu zosulelo lwendlebe zihlala ziqala emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba umkhuhlane. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

• Intlungu yendlebe: Olu luphawu oluphambili. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba buhlungu kakhulu.
• Ukuthanda Ukutya: Indlebe ebuhlungu ingenza abantwana baphelelwe ngumdla wokutya nokusela.
• Ubunzima bokulala: Iintlungu zendlebe zinokwenza kube nzima ukulala kakuhle ebusuku.
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva kwindlebe enesifo: Indlebe ingazaliswa lulwelo, nto leyo ebangela ukulahlekelwa kukuva.
• Ukuziva ugcwele okanye uxinzelelo ngaphakathi endlebeni: Indlebe ingaziva inzima kwaye ngathi kukho into ebambekileyo.
• Ulwelo olumthubi, olumdaka, okanye olumhlophe oluphuma endlebeni: Oku kuthetha ukuba i-eardrum yakho isenokuqhekeka.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba kukho ulwelo oluphuma endlebeni, musa ukufaka nto ngaphakathi endlebeni. Nantoni na ebetha i-eardrum eqhekekileyo inokubangela umonakalo ongakumbi.

Ungaziqonda njani iimpawu zeentsana nabantwana abancinci?

Iintsana nabantwana abancinci abangakwaziyo ukuthetha kakuhle abakwazi ukuveza intlungu yabo. Ngoko ke kufuneka niziqwalasele ezi mpawu:

• Indlebe iyabanjwa, itsalwe, okanye ijikeleziswe.
• Ndikhala ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kwaye ndisoloko ndixhalabile.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane ungafikelela kuma-38 ukuya kuma-40 degrees Celsius (100.5 - 104 degrees Fahrenheit). Ayingabo bonke abantwana abafumana umkhuhlane, kodwa malunga nesiqingatha sabantwana bafumana umkhuhlane ngenxa yosulelo lwendlebe.
• Ukuphefumla komlomo okanye ukurhona okukhulu: Ukuphefumla komlomo kungaba luphawu lokuba ii-adenoids zakho zidumbile. Ii-Adenoids ziziqwenga ezincinci zezicubu ezikwindawo ephezulu yomqala wakho, ngasemva kwempumlo yakho, kufutshane nombhobho wakho we-Eustachian. Ezi ntsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya ezifanayo ezibangela usulelo lwendlebe nazo zinokubangela ukuba ezi adenoids zidumbe.
• Ukungafuni ukutya xa uncancisa okanye uncancisa: Xa abantwana beginya, uxinzelelo olukwindlebe ephakathi luyatshintsha. Emva koko intlungu iyakhula, kwaye umnqweno wokutya uyancipha. Khawuthelekelele, kwenzeka into efanayo kumntwana kaSamantha. Umntwana wabanjwa ngumkhuhlane waza akafuna ukusela ubisi kangangeentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, waza wakhala kakhulu ebusuku. Kuphela xa ugqirha embonisa oko waqonda ukuba lusulelo lwendlebe.

Yintoni ebangela usulelo lwendlebe?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwaneLe yeyona nto ibangela ukosuleleka endlebeni. Ukosuleleka endlebeni kudla ngokuqala emva kokuba umkhuhlane okanye olunye usulelo oluphezulu lokuphefumla. Iintsholongwane ezibangela ezi zifo zihamba nge-Eustachian tube ziye kwindlebe ephakathi. Xa zisenza njalo, iintsholongwane zinokubangela ukuba i-Eustachian tube idumbe. Xa idumba, ityhubhu iyavaleka, iyeke ukusebenza kakuhle, kwaye indlebe ephakathi izale lulwelo olusulelekileyo.

Ingaba usulelo lwendlebe luyasulela?

Usulelo lwendlebe alusasazeki ngqo ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Nangona kunjalo, iintsholongwane kunye/okanye iibhaktheriya ezibangela usulelo ziyasulela. Uninzi lweebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezifanayo ezibangela izifo ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo kunye nomkhuhlane zinokubangela usulelo lwendlebe. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana umkhuhlane kumntu onomkhuhlane, unokuba sengozini enkulu yosulelo lwendlebe kamva.

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo lwendlebe?

Umngcipheko wokufumana usulelo lwendlebe uphezulu ukuba unezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ubudala: Abantwana abancinci abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 kunye neminyaka emi-2 ubudala basengozini enkulu.
• Imbali yosapho: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho unezifo zendlebe ezihlala zisenzeka, oko kusenokuba yimfuza.
• Umkhuhlane: Umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo unyusa umngcipheko wokosuleleka ezindlebeni. Abantwana abaya kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana basesichengeni esikhulu kuba banokufumana izifo kwabanye abantu.
• Izifo ezingapheliyo: Abantu abanezifo zokuphefumla ezihlala ixesha elide ezifana nezifo zokuthintela amasosha omzimba, i-cystic fibrosis, kunye ne-asthma banokufumana usulelo lwendlebe.
• Ubuhlanga: Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantwana beentlanga ezithile (umz., amaNdiya aseMelika, amaHispanic, amaNdiya aseAlaska) banamathuba amaninzi okufumana usulelo lwendlebe kunabanye.
• Umoya ongcolileyo kunye neendawo ezinabantu abanomsi: Ungcoliseko lomoya kunye nokuchayeka kumsi ophuma komnye umntu kwandisa umngcipheko wokosuleleka endlebeni.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yosulelo lwendlebe?

Uninzi lwezifo zendlebe azibangeli iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, izifo zendlebe eziphindaphindwayo okanye eziqhubekayo zinokubangela iingxaki ezithile.

• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva: Kuqhelekile ukuba umntu alahlekelwe kukuva okwethutyana kunye nezandi ezingathi shwaka ngexesha losulelo lwendlebe. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usulelo luyaqhubeka okanye indlebe yangaphakathi yonakele, ukulahleka kokuva okungapheliyo kunokwenzeka.
• Ukukhula kolwimi okulibazisekileyo: Abantwana abancinci kufuneka beve kakuhle ukuze bafunde ulwimi baze bathethe. Ukuba ukuva kuyaphazamiseka nokuba lixesha elifutshane, kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu ekukhuleni kolwimi lomntwana.
• I-Eardrum ekrazukileyo: Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabantwana abafumana usulelo lwendlebe badla ngokukrazuka kancinci kwi-eardrum. Uninzi lwexesha, oku kuya kuphola ngokwako . Ukuba akwenzeki, kunokufuneka utyando.
• Ukusasazeka kosulelo: Ukuba alunyangwa, okanye luyedwaUkuba ayinyangwa, usulelo lunokusasazeka. Usulelo lunokusasazeka luye kwithambo elingasemva kwendlebe ( i-mastoiditis ). Amaxesha amaninzi, usulelo lunokusasazeka luye kwiinwebu ezijikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo ( i-meningitis ), nto leyo enokuba yingozi.

Uyibona njani into yokuba une-ear treatment?

Amaxesha amaninzi, ugqirha unokwazi ukubona ukuba umntwana wakho unentsholongwane yendlebe ngokujonga iimpawu zakhe, uvavanyo lomzimba ukuze abone ukuba unomkhuhlane na, kunye novavanyo lwendlebe. Ukuhlola indlebe, ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esikhanyayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-otoscope . Esi sisetyenziselwa ukujonga i-eardrum. Ukuba i-eardrum ibomvu kwaye idumbile, olu luphawu losulelo lwendlebe.

Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usebenzisa i-otoscope yomoya ukujonga ulwelo oluphakathi kwendlebe. Oku kuvula umoya omncinci kwi-eardrum. I-eardrum kufuneka ihambe ibuyele umva. Ukuba kukho ulwelo endlebeni, i-eardrum ayizukuhamba kakuhle.

Ngaba umntwana wam uya kufuna iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo?

Kwezinye iimeko, umntwana wakho unokufuna nezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana nezi:

• I-Tympanometry: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa uxinzelelo lomoya ukujonga ulwelo oluphakathi kwendlebe.
• I-Acoustic reflectometry: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukujonga ulwelo oluphakathi kwendlebe.
• I-Tympanocentesis: Le nkqubo ivumela ugqirha ukuba akhuphe inani elincinci lolwelo oluvela kwindlebe ephakathi aze aluvavanye ukuba alunazo na iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya. Oku kungenziwa ukuba usulelo aluzange luphele ngezinye iindlela zonyango.
• Uvavanyo lokuva: Uvavanyo lokuva olwenziwe yingcali ye-audiologist lunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umntwana wakho unengxaki yokuva. Abantwana abaneengxaki zendlebe ezingapheliyo okanye ezihlala zikho, okanye abanolwelo oluphakathi endlebeni yabo olungaphumi kakuhle, banamathuba amaninzi okuba neengxaki zokuva.

Unyanga njani isifo sendlebe?

Unyango lugqitywa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezininzi:

• Ubudala bomntwana wakho.
• Ubunzima bosulelo.
• Uhlobo losulelo (nokuba lusulelo lokuqala, usulelo oluqhubekayo, okanye usulelo oluphindaphindayo).
• Nokuba ulwelo belusendlebeni ephakathi ixesha elide.

Uninzi lwezifo zendlebe ziyaphela ngokwazo ngaphandle konyango. Ugqirha wakho mhlawumbi uya kumjonga umntwana wakho kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba anike unyango. Ukuba isifo asipheli, umntwana wakho unokufuna amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane okanye utyando. Okwangoku, ungathatha amayeza okubulala iintlungu ukunceda ukulawula iimpawu, ezifana neentlungu zendlebe.

Ii-antibiotics

Ukuba umntwana wakho uneentlungu zendlebe ezibangelwa lusulelo lwebhaktiriya, usenokufuna amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bahlala belinda iintsuku ezintathu ukuba usulelo oluncinci luphele lodwa ngaphambi kokuba banike amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Ukuba usulelo lubi kakhulu, banokufuna ukuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwangethuba.

I-American Academy of Pediatrics inika izikhokelo zokuba umntwana makanikwe nini amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye nokuba kufuneka azijonge nini. Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobudala bomntwana, ubukhali bosulelo, kunye nokuba unomkhuhlane na.

Okubaluleke kakhulu: Musa ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo, nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphucuka. Ukuba awuwathathi onke amayeza ixesha elimiselweyo, usulelo lunokubuya.

Izibulali-ntlungu

Ugqirha wakho angakunika amayeza okunciphisa iintlungu athengiswa ngaphandle kwe-odolo (OTC) afana ne-acetaminophen (umz., iTylenol®, iPanadol®) okanye i-ibuprofen (umz., i-Advil®, iMotrin®, iBrufen®) ukunciphisa iintlungu nomkhuhlane. Banokukunika namathontsi endlebe ukunciphisa iintlungu. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo ukuze ubone ukuba zeziphi amayeza akhuselekileyo kumntwana wakho.

Ungaze unike abantwana abancinci i-aspirin. I-aspirin inokubangela imeko eyingozi nesongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Reye's syndrome .

Iityhubhu zeendlebe / iityhubhu zeTympanostomy

Ukuba umntwana wakho unezifo zendlebe ezihlala zisenzeka, unezifo ezingaphenduliyo kwii-antibiotics, okanye ulahlekelwa kukuva ngenxa yokwakheka kolwelo, kunokufuneka afakwe iityhubhu zendlebe. Ingcali yendlebe, impumlo, nomqala (ENT) iya kufaka iityhubhu ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-tympanostomy . Le yinkqubo elula ethatha malunga nemizuzu eli-10. Umntwana wakho angaya ekhaya ngaloo mini.

Kwi-tympanostomy, ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci kakhulu kwi-eardrum yomntwana aze afake ityhubhu encinci yesinyithi okanye yeplastiki kuyo. Le nkqubo, equka ukubhoboza i-eardrum kunye nokukhupha ulwelo, ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-myringotomy . Xa iityhubhu zisendaweni, zivumela umoya ukuba ungene endlebeni ephakathi kwaye zincede ulwelo luphume.

Le tube idla ngokushiywa endaweni yayo kangangeenyanga ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-18. Isenokuziphumela yodwa , okanye isenokufuna utyando oluncinci ukuze isuswe. Emva kokuba i tube isusiwe, umngxuma osesiqwini sendlebe uyaphola uze uvale.

Ngaba usulelo lwendlebe lungaziphilisa ngokwalo ?

Ewe, uninzi lwezifo ziyaphola ngokwazo . Yiyo loo nto ugqirha wakho eza kulinda ixesha ngaphambi kokuba akunike amayeza afana nee-antibiotics. Okwangoku, ungazilawula iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zendlebe ngee-painkillers.

Ngokuxhomekeke kubudala bomntwana wakho, iimpawu zakhe, kunye nomkhuhlane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane anokufuneka ukuba ancede aphile. Ukuba umntwana wakho unezifo ezingapheliyo okanye ezihlala zisenzeka, okanye ukuba ulwelo luqokelelana endlebeni ephakathi kwaye usemngciphekweni wokulahlekelwa kukuva, iityhubhu zeendlebe zingafakwa. Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho malunga nokuba yintoni elungele umntwana wakho.

Umntwana wam angabuyela nini kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla?

Xa umkhuhlane womntwana uphelile ngokupheleleyo, angaya esikolweni okanye kwindawo yokugcina abantwana.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuthintela usulelo lwendlebe?

Ezi zinto zinokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wosulelo lwendlebe kuwe okanye kumntwana wakho:

• Thintela umkhuhlane nezinye izifo zokuphefumla: Zama konke okusemandleni akho ukuthintela umkhuhlane, ingakumbi kunyaka wokuqala womntwana wakho. Bafundise ukuhlamba izandla zabo rhoqo, ukugquma ukukhohlela nokuthimla kwabo ngeengqiniba zabo, kwaye uphephe ukwabelana ngezinto zokutya, iikomityi kunye neepuni. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, kuphephe ukuthumela umntwana wakho kwiindawo zokugcina abantwana ezinabantu abaninzi de abe mdala kancinci.
• Kuphephe ukutshaya umsi wecuba labanye abantu: Kuphephe ukudibana nomsi wecuba wabanye abantu kwaye ungavumeli nabani na ukuba atshaye kufutshane nomntwana wakho.
• Ncancisa umntwana wakho: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ncancisa umntwana wakho kwiinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 zokuqala. Ii-antibodies ezikubisi lwebele zilwa neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezibangela usulelo.
• Ukuba umncancisa ngebhotile, mbambe umntwana wakho eme nkqo: Ukuba umncancisa ngebhotile, mbambe eme nkqo ukuze intloko yakhe iphakame kunesisu sakhe. Le ndlela inokunceda ukuthintela ubisi okanye ezinye izinto ezimanzi ukuba zingabuyeli kwimibhobho ye-eustachian.
• Gonyela umntwana wakho: Qinisekisa ukuba zonke izitofu zomntwana wakho zihlaziyiwe. Abantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala kufuneka bafumane inaliti yonyaka yomkhuhlane. Buza ugqirha wezingane malunga nezitofu zesifo se-pneumococcal kunye ne-meningitis.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha xa ndine-ear treatment?

Ukuba unale mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukuba intamo yomntwana wakho iqinile .
• Ukuba umntwana uthule kakhulu, ubonakala ekhathazekile kakhulu, kwaye akayeki ukukhala nokuba umshukumisa kangakanani na.
• Ukuba indlela umntwana ahamba ngayo ayizinzile.
• Ukuba intlungu yendlebe yakho okanye yomntwana wakho inzima kakhulu.
• Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unomkhuhlane ongaphezulu kwama-40 degrees Celsius (104 Fahrenheit).
• Ukuba umntwana ubonakalisa iimpawu zobuthathaka bobuso (umz., umlomo ubonakala ngathi utsalwa ecaleni xa encuma).
• Ukuba ubona igazi okanye ulwelo oluzaliswe bubomvu luphuma endlebeni.

Ukuba unale mpawu, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngexesha leeyure zomsebenzi:

• Ukuba umkhuhlane uyaqhubeka emva kweeyure ezingama-48 emva kokuqala amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, okanye ukuba umkhuhlane uyabuya.
• Ukuba intlungu yendlebe ayipheli emva kweentsuku ezintathu zokuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.

Ngaba umntwana onesifo sendlebe kufuneka azigqume iindlebe zakhe xa ephuma phandle?

Hayi, akufuneki uvale iindlebe zakho xa uphuma.

Ngaba umntwana onesifo sendlebe angadada?

Ukuba umntwana wakho akanayo i-eardrum eneembobo okanye ulwelo oluphuma endlebeni yakhe, kulungile ukuba aqubhe.

Ngaba ndingabhabha okanye ndiye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ukuba ndinesifo sendlebe?

Ukubhabha kukhuselekile, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezineentaba. Nangona kunjalo, unokufumana iintlungu zexeshana ngexesha lokusuka nokufika. Ukusela ulwelo okanye itshungama ngexesha lokusuka kunokunceda ekunciphiseni iintlungu. Ukuba umntwana wakho unesifo sendlebe, ukumnika i-pacifier ukuze ayimunce ngexesha lokubhabha kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukungonwabi.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakalisa iimpawu zosulelo lwendlebe kwaye imeko ayiphucuki kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wabantwana. Uninzi losulelo lwendlebe luyaphela ngaphandle konyango. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yomntwana wakho kunye neempawu zakhe, ii-antibiotics zinokufuneka. Ugqirha wakho uya kucebisa amayeza afanelekileyo okudambisa iintlungu ukunceda umntwana wakho azive iintlungu ezincinci ngelixa umzimba wakhe ulwa nosulelo. Ungaze woyike, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Usulelo lwendlebe , i-otitis media, iintlungu zendlebe, izifo zabantwana, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, i-eardrum, ityhubhu ye-eustachian