Masifunde ngakumbi ngeHepatitis D. Oku kukhethekile kancinci!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezifo ezahlukeneyo zesibindi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sesibindi esifanayo, kodwa esahlukileyo kancinci. YiHepatitis D leyo. Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngayo, indlela yokuyiphepha, masifumanise yonke into ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni iHepatitis D?

Ngamafutshane, iHepatitis D sisifo sentsholongwane esibangela ukudumba kwesibindi . Nangona kunjalo, umahluko omkhulu kukuba intsholongwane yeHepatitis D (HDV) ayinakubangela esi sifo yodwa. Ayimangalisi na? Ewe, ukuze le ntsholongwane ibangele isifo emzimbeni wakho , kufuneka idityaniswe nentsholongwane yeHepatitis B (HBV) . Oko kuthetha ukuba, unokufumana iHepatitis D kuphela xa sele unayo iHepatitis B, okanye xa unesifo seHepatitis B. Uyaqonda? Akunjalo konke konke.

Ukosuleleka yiHepatitis D kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili:

1. Usulelo olukhawulezileyo: Kule meko, iimpawu zibonakala ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinokuhlala iiveki okanye iinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, zinokuzilungisa ngokwazo.

2. Usulelo olungapheliyo: Olu lolona luyingozi kakhulu. Usulelo olukhawulezileyo lunokuba lolungapheliyo. Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu zihlala ixesha elingaphezu kweenyanga ezintandathu. Oku kunokubangela umonakalo wesibindi ixesha elide.

Ziziphi iintlobo zeHepatitis D?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zosulelo lweHepatitis D ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Yintoni iCoinfection?

Usulelo lwe-coinfection luyenzeka xa wosulelwe yi-hepatitis B virus (HBV) kunye ne-hepatitis D virus (HDV) ngaxeshanye . Cinga ngayo njengokuhlaselwa zi-virus zombini ngaxeshanye. Kwimeko enjalo, iimpawu zihlala zifana nezo ze-hepatitis B, kodwa ezi ntsholongwane zimbini zinokuba nzima ngakumbi kuba zikhona kunye. Oku kuthetha ukuba isifo sinokuba nzima ngakumbi. Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi. Xa unale ndibaniselwano, amathuba okuba ibe sisifo esingapheliyo ngamanye amaxesha aphantsi.

Yintoni i-superinfection?

Ngoku, i-superinfection yimeko eyahlukileyo kancinci kwaye iyingozi ngakumbi . Okwenzekayo kukuba sele une-hepatitis B virus , oko kuthetha ukuba une-HBV virus emzimbeni wakho (mhlawumbi ixesha elide). Emva koko, ufumana i-hepatitis D virus (HDV). Kufana nokuba nesifo esinye kuze kuvele esinye isifo. Xa une-superinfection efana nale, iimpawu zakho zangaphambili ze-hepatitis B zinokuvela ngequbuliso okanye zibe nzima ngakumbi . Kwiimeko ezininzi, le superinfection inethuba eliphezulu lokuba sisifo esingapheliyo (malunga ne-90%).Oko kuthetha ukuba esi sifo sinokuqhubeka emzimbeni ixesha elide kwaye nezinga lokonakala kwesibindi nalo liphezulu.

Zithini iimpawu zeHepatitis D?

Iimpawu zeHepatitis D zifana kakhulu nezezinye iintlobo zehepatitis. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazo kwaphela iimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba iimpawu ziyabonakala, ungalindela oku kulandelayo:

• Ifiva .
• Intlungu yesisu , ingakumbi kwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesisu (apho kukho isibindi).
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• I-Anorexia , ukuphelelwa ngumnqweno wokutya.
• Umchamo wakho ujika ube mnyama , njengombala wamanzi eti.
• Kwelinye icala, isitulo sakho siya kuba mhlophe, mhlawumbi sibe ngwevu .
• Amehlo ajika abe mthubi, ulusu lujika lube mthubi – oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-jaundice . Oku kwenzeka xa isibindi singakwazi ukuyicoca kakuhle into ebizwa ngokuba yi-bilirubin.
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe .

Ukosuleleka yiHepatitis D kunokwenza iimpawu zeHepatitis B osele unazo zibe zimbi ngakumbi .

Yintoni ebangela iHepatitis D?

Isizathu soku yiHepatitis Delta Virus , okanye iHDV ngamafutshane. Kodwa njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ayinakwenza nto yodwa. Ngokuqinisekileyo ifuna iHepatitis B Virus (HBV) ukuze iphile kwaye yenze iikopi ezingaphezulu zentsholongwane (oko kukuthi, ukuze isasazeke). Yiyo loo nto, ukuba ufuna ukufumana iHepatitis D, kufuneka ube nentsholongwane yeHBV emzimbeni wakho.

I-Hepatitis D idluliselwa njani?

IHepatitis D idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo neHepatitis B. Oko kukuthi, xa igazi okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba (umz., isidoda, ulwelo lwangasese) lomntu onentsholongwane lungena emzimbeni womntu ophilileyo. Nazi iindlela eziphambili edluliselwa ngazo:

• Ukusuka kwisondo esingakhuselekanga (oko kukuthi, ukungasebenzisi ikhondom ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo ngesini, ngomlomo, okanye ngasemva).
• Ngokwabelana ngeenaliti kunye neesirinji ezisetyenziswa xa kujovwa iziyobisi . Oku kunokwenzeka nokuba izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kujotywa amayeza athile azicocwanga kakuhle.
• Kwabasebenzi bezempilo, ngengozi babhajwa yinto efana nenaliti ngelixa besebenza nezigulana.
• Kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane idluliselwe kumama ukuya kusana ngexesha lokubeleka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile , ingakumbi ukuba kuthathwa amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo.
• Kukwakho nomngcipheko wokusebenzisa izixhobo ezingabulawanga ziintsholongwane xa usenza iitattoo okanye ugqobhoza iindlebe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana iHepatitis D?

La maqela alandelayo asengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yiHepatitis D:

• Abantu abasele benosulelo lweHepatitis B(Ngaphandle koku, u-D ngewayengakhiwanga!)
• Abantu abafaka iziyobisi ngenaliti , ingakumbi ukuba babelana ngeenaliti.
• Abantu ababelana ngesondo nomntu one-hepatitis B (HBV) kunye ne-D (HDV).
• Abantu abahlala kwikhaya elinye nomntu one-hepatitis B (HBV) kunye ne-D (HDV) (umz., ukuba babelana ngezinto ezifana neerazors kunye neebrashi zamazinyo).
• Abantu abasuleleke yi-HIV .
• Xa amadoda elala namadoda (engakhuselekanga).
• Abantu abasebenza kwicandelo lezempilo okanye kwezinye iindawo abadibana rhoqo negazi kunye nolwelo lomzimba.
• Abantu abanesifo sezintso abaphantsi kwe -hemodialysis .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho zeHepatitis D?

IHepatitis D, ingakumbi ukuba iba sisifo esingapheliyo, inokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisibindi. Nazi ezinye zeengxaki eziphambili:

• I-Cirrhosis: Oku kwenzeka xa isibindi siba namanxeba kancinci kancinci size singakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yaso eqhelekileyo. Njengokuba inxeba lenzeka eluswini xa sifumana inxeba, namanxeba esibindini nawo ayenzeka. Oku kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwesibindi.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi: Le yimeko enzima kakhulu. Isibindi asikwazi ukwenza nawuphi na umsebenzi waso. Inokuba yingozi ebomini.
• I-Hepatocellular carcinoma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula esibindini. Abantu abane-hepatitis D engapheliyo basengozini enkulu yokufumana lo mhlaza.

Ungazi njani ukuba uneHepatitis D?

Ukuba uneempawu zeHepatitis D, okanye ukuba ukwiqela elisengozini, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze uvavanywe. Oogqirha basebenzisa kakhulu uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze bafumanise oku. Ilebhu iya kujonga igazi lakho ukuze ibone iindawo ezithile zentsholongwane (i-HDV RNA) okanye ii-antibodies (ii-anti-HDV antibodies) eziveliswe nxamnye nentsholongwane.

Ukongeza, kunokufuneka wenze i -ultrasound scan, ii-scan ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne -FibroScan okanye i-Elastography , kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ude wenze ne-biopsy yesibindi ukujonga imeko yesibindi sakho kwaye ubone ukuba akukho mabala na.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokunyanga iHepatitis D ngokupheleleyo?

Inyaniso kukuba, akukho nyango lweHepatitis D okwangoku . Le yeyona nto ibuhlungu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, usulelo lwe-HDV olukhawulezileyo ngamanye amaxesha lunokuphucula ngaphandle konyango (ingakumbi kwiimeko zosulelo oludibeneyo).

Kodwa kubantu abane-hepatitis D engapheliyo, oogqirha banokubonelela ngolu hlobo lonyango. Olu nyango luzama ukulawula intsholongwane, ukunciphisa umonakalo kwisibindi, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki.

• Inaliti ye-Peginterferon alfa: Le yinaliti oyithathayo kube kanye ngeveki. Ihlala inikwa malunga nonyaka. Inceda inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokulwa nosulelo. Kodwa inokuba nemiphumo emibi.
• I-Bulevirtide (Hepcludex®): Eli liyeza elitsha elilwa neentsholongwane. Lithintela intsholongwane ye-HDV ukuba ingangeni kwiiseli zesibindi. Livunyiwe ukuba lisetyenziswe kunyango lwe-HDV kwamanye amazwe, kodwa kungekhona kuyo yonke indawo.
• Ukufakelwa kwesibindi: Ukuba isibindi sakho sonakele kakhulu kwaye asiphumeleli, ukufakelwa kwesibindi esitsha kunokufuneka njengenyathelo lokugqibela.

Kusaphandwa ngonyango olutsha.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndineHepatitis D?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-hepatitis D, ugqirha wakho uza kujonga impilo yesibindi sakho ngokusondeleyo . Oku kungabandakanya ukuhlolwa rhoqo, uvavanyo lwegazi, kunye nokuskena. Usulelo lwe-hepatitis D okanye i-HBV/HDV olukhawulezileyo lunokuphela ngaphandle konyango kwiiveki okanye kwiinyanga ezimbalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezininzi, i-superinfection iba yi-chronic hepatitis D. Isifo esinganyangekiyo sinokuhlala ixesha elide kuneenyanga ezintandathu, ngamanye amaxesha kwaneminyaka. Ugqirha wakho unokukunyanga unyaka okanye ngaphezulu.

Ithini ingqikelelo yeHepatitis D?

Ukufa ngenxa yosulelo olukhawulezileyo lwe-HBV/HDV akuvamile kakhulu (malunga ne-1-5%), kodwa ukubuyela esimeni kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga.

Nangona kunjalo, i-HBV/HDV superinfection engapheliyo iyingozi kakhulu . Phakathi kwama-70% nama-80% abantu abanale meko ekugqibeleni baya kuba ne-cirrhosis. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokukhawuleza, kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yosulelo, okanye kungathatha iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-10. Ngelishwa, inani elikhulu labantu abane-hepatitis D engapheliyo (ezinye iingxelo zithi bafikelela kwi-15% kwiminyaka emi-5-10) baya kufa ngenxa yeengxaki ezifana nomhlaza wesibindi okanye ukungasebenzi kwesibindi. Yiyo loo nto ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nolawulo kubalulekile.

Ngaba iHepatitis D ingathintelwa?

Ewe, unako! Eyona ndlela ilungileyo neyona ibalulekileyo yokuzikhusela kwiHepatitis D kukuzikhusela kwiHepatitis B. Kuba, iHepatitis D ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kweHepatitis B.

• Gonyelwa iHepatitis B.Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Olu gonyo lukhuselekile kwaye lusebenza kakuhle. Ukuba awuzange ube neHepatitis B, ngokuqinisekileyo fumana olu gonyo.
• Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-hepatitis B (umzekelo, ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka ligazi lomntu osulelekileyo), ungagonywa ngokukhawuleza. Ungafumana nonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) kwiiyure ezingama-24-48. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela usulelo.

Ukuba sele uneHepatitis B, ungenza ezi zinto ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba ne-superinfection:

• Nxiba iiglavu ezingenamagciwane xa kunokwenzeka ukuba udibane negazi, ubomvu benxeba, okanye olunye ulwelo lomzimba.
• Musa ukwabelana ngeenaliti kunye neesirinji ezisetyenziselwa ukujova iziyobisi nabanye .
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto zakho zobuqu ezifana neebrashi zamazinyo kunye neerazor nabanye .
• Sebenzisa ikhondom xa usenza naluphi na uhlobo lokwabelana ngesondo.
• Sela amayeza okulwa ne -Hepatitis B njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele.

Ukuba ukhulelwe kwaye unosulelo lweHepatitis B okanye i-HBV/HDV, oogqirha banokuwunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokuba umntwana wakho osulelwe yiyo ngokumgonya nokumnyanga umntwana wakho emva nje kokuzalwa.

Ndingayinyamekela njani impilo yam? (Ukuba ndine-hepatitis)

Ukuba une-hepatitis (B okanye D), kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umonakalo kwisibindi sakho:

• Kuphephe ngokupheleleyo utywala. Xa utywala bungena esibindini, buyawonakalisa iiseli zaso. Isibindi esisele sigula asikwazi ukumelana nalo mba.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka, okanye awuqali. Ukutshaya nako kubi kwisibindi.
• Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni obukufaneleyo. Ukutyeba kakhulu/ukutyeba kakhulu kunokwenza isifo sesibindi esinamafutha sibe mandundu ngakumbi ngokubangela ukuba amafutha aqokeleleke esibindini.
• Buza ugqirha wakho okanye ingcali yesondlo malunga nokutya omele ukutye kwaye ukuphephe ukuze ugcine isibindi sakho sisempilweni. Ukutya okunesondlo kubalulekile.
• Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba zeziphi amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwekhawuntara (OTC) akhuselekileyo kuwe kwaye zeziphi ekufuneka uzinciphise. Umzekelo, ukuthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne -acetaminophen (Tylenol®) rhoqo akulunganga kwisibindi sakho. Ngoko ke zisebenzise kuphela njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
• Yiya kugqirha wakho ngexesha kwaye ufumane zonke iimvavanyo ezicetyiswayo ukujonga impilo yesibindi sakho. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hepatitis (ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, ukungabi namdla wokutya, i-jaundice), okanye ukuba une-hepatitis B kwaye iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu ngequbuliso, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha . Kwakhona, ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-hepatitis B okanye D, funa ingcebiso kagqirha.

Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko :

• Ukuba uneentlungu zesisu eziqatha .
• Ukuba uhlanza kakhulu , okanye ukuba awukwazi ukuzibamba.
• Ukuba uhlanza igazi okanye uhlanza loo nto ifana nekofu egayiweyo.
• Ukuba i-jaundice inyukile (amehlo nolusu luba nombala otyheli omnyama).
• Ukuba ingqondo ibonakala ingasebenzi kakuhle , ukuba kubonakala kunzima ukuhlala uphaphile, ukuba kukho ukudideka (oku sikubiza ngokuba yi -hepatic encephalopathy ).
• Ukuba umchamo umdaka omnyama okanye ubungakanani bomchamo obuveliswayo bunciphile kakhulu.
• Ukuba indle yakho inombala wodongwe okanye umbala okhanyayo .
• Ukuba isisu sivakala sidumbile kakhulu.

Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu zomonakalo omkhulu wesibindi.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kunokuba luncedo ukubuza imibuzo efana nale:

• Loluphi uhlobo lwe-hepatitis endinalo kanye kanye?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ithatha ixesha elingakanani le nyango?
• Ndingayisebenzisa njani le yeza? Ngaba kukho naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha okanye iimpawu eziya zisiba mandundu ekufuneka ndizazi ngakumbi?
• Isibindi sam sinjani ngoku? Zeziphi iimvavanyo ekufanele ndizenze kwixesha elizayo?
• Ndingenza ntoni ukuze oku kungasasazeki kwabanye?
• Ukuba ndineHepatitis B, yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukuthintela ukufumana iHepatitis D?

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweHepatitis B kunye neHepatitis D?

IHepatitis B kunye neHepatitis D ziintlobo ezimbini zosulelo lwentsholongwane. Zombini zichaphazela isibindi. Kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba iHepatitis D inokukosulela kuphela ukuba uneHepatitis B, okanye ukuba sele unayo iHepatitis B. Intsholongwane yeHepatitis D (HDV) ifana nentsholongwane "engaphelelanga"; ayinakusebenza yodwa, ifuna "uncedo" oluvela kwi-HBV.

Ayingabo bonke abantu abane-hepatitis B abaya kuba ne-hepatitis D. Enyanisweni, abantu abaninzi abane-hepatitis B abanayo i-hepatitis D.

Ixhaphake kangakanani iHepatitis D?

Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-15% yabantu kwihlabathi liphela bane-hepatitis B.– Oko kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwe-12 ne-45 yezigidi zabantu – nabo bosulelwe yi-HDV, itsho iingcali. I-Hepatitis D ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo ezithile zaseAfrika (umz., kuMbindi Afrika), e-Asia (umz., eMongolia, ePakistan), kwi-Amazon River Basin eMzantsi Melika, nakwiindawo ezithile zaseMpuma Yurophu. Ayixhaphakanga kangako eMelika okanye eNtshona Yurophu. Ayixhaphakanga kangako eSri Lanka, kodwa umngcipheko ukhona.

Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis D isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kunezinye iintsholongwane. Oko kukuthi, ifuna uncedo lwentsholongwane ye-hepatitis B (HBV) ukuze ibangele usulelo. Ngethamsanqa, nawaphi na amanyathelo onokuwathatha ukuzikhusela kwi-HBV aya kukunceda ekukhuseleni kwi-hepatitis D. Kwakhona, ukwaziswa kutshanje kwegonyo le-hepatitis B kukhokelele ekwehleni kwenani labantu abane-hepatitis B, kwaye ngenxa yoko, i-hepatitis D kwihlabathi liphela. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba abanye abantu banokuba ne-hepatitis B ngaphandle kokuba neempawu.

Ukuba unentsholongwane engapheliyo, sebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze ujonge impilo yesibindi sakho rhoqo. Uphando ngamayeza amatsha lunokubonelela ngeendlela ezininzi zonyango kwixesha elizayo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyifunde koku

Ngoko ke, iHepatitis D luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwesifo sesibindi. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ukuze oku kwenzeke, intsholongwane yeHepatitis B kufuneka ibe khona emzimbeni. Ke ngoko, ukuzikhusela kwiHepatitis B yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwiHepatitis D.

Ukufumana ugonyo lweHepatitis B, ukwenza isondo esikhuselekileyo, kunye nokungabelani ngeenaliti ukuba usebenzisa amayeza konke oku kuya kukukhusela kwiHepatitis D.

Ukuba uneHepatitis B, musa ukoyika. Kodwa qiniseka ukuba uyayilandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, ufumana uvavanyo rhoqo, kwaye uphephe izinto ezinokonakalisa isibindi sakho (ingakumbi utywala kunye namayeza athile athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha). Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho wokuba neHepatitis D.

Qaphela iimpawu. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, musa ukulibazisa ukuya kugqirha. Okukhona ufumanisa kwangoko, kokukhona amathuba akho okuphila ubomi obusempilweni obungenazo iingxaki ezininzi.

IHepatitis D, iHepatitis D, iSibindi, isifo sesibindi, iVirus, iHepatitis B, iHepatitis B, iHDV, iHBV, iJaundice, iCirrhosis, ukusilela kwesibindi, umhlaza wesibindi