Masifunde ngqo nge-High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE)!

Ngaba wakha waziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, uziva nje uxinezelekile esifubeni sakho, xa usiya kwindawo ephakamileyo efana neNuwara Eliya, okanye xa unyuka intaba enkulu? Ngamanye amaxesha, nangona ucinga ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekile, zinokuguquka zibe yimeko embi kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngemeko eyingozi kangaka, kodwa enokuthintelwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema' okanye i-HAPE ngamafutshane.

Yintoni i-HAPE (i-High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema)? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-HAPE ithetha xa usiya kwindawo ephakamileyo kwaye imiphunga yakho izaliswe lulwelo. Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwesifo sokuphakama, olukwaziwa ngokuba sisifo sentaba. Xa oku kusenzeka, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuphefumla, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imiphunga inokopha njengoko ulwelo luqokelelana kuyo. Oku kuncitshisa ezinye izicwili zomzimba kunye namalungu omzimba ioksijini.

I-HAPE yenzeka xa ngequbuliso usuka kwindawo ephantsi uye kwindawo ephezulu kwaye umzimba wakho ungenalo ixesha elaneleyo lokuqhelana namanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini. Idla ngokuqala ebusuku, kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezine emva kokufudukela kwindawo ephezulu.

I-HAPE idla ngokuvela kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezingama-2,500 eemitha okanye ngaphezulu. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba unyuke intaba ephakamileyo ehlabathini ukuze ufikelele kule ndawo iphakamileyo. Amanye amazwe akwanazo neendawo zokutyibiliza ekhephini kule ndawo iphakamileyo. Izixeko ezininzi ezinabantu abaninzi emhlabeni zikwindawo ephakame kakhulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba i-HAPE yimeko esongela ubomi. Ukuba uneempawu ze-HAPE, kufuneka ufune unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye uye kwindawo esezantsi ngokukhawuleza.

Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-HAPE:

Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-HAPE ezikhoyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini kuphela:

1. I-HAPE yakudala: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba umntu ohlala kwindawo esezantsi ngequbuliso uye kubude obungaphezulu kweenyawo eziyi-8,200, oko kukuthi, ukuba unyuka ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokunika umzimba wakhe ixesha lokuqhelana nayo. Khawuthelekelele, uzama ukunyuka intaba ende kakhulu kuneNuwara Eliya waseColombo ngosuku olunye okanye ezimbini.

2. Ukubuyela kwi-HAPE: Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa umntu ohlala kwiindawo eziphakamileyo eya kwindawo esezantsi okwethutyana aze abuyele kwindawo yakhe eqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphinda aqhele. Njengomntu onyuka esuka kwindawo esezantsi, nabo banokuba ne-HAPE.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-HAPE?

Uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga ne-6% yabantu abanyuka baye kutsho kwi-14,800 feet (4,500 metres) kwiintsuku nje ezimbini banamavaI-HAPE iyenzeka. Ukuba ukhe waba ne-HAPE ngaphambili, unamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo kwakhona. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unyuka ngesantya esifanayo (iimitha ezingama-4,500 kwiintsuku ezi-1-2), malunga nama-60% abantu abakhe baba ne-HAPE ngaphambili baya kuba nayo kwakhona.

Zithini iimpawu ze-HAPE?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu ze-HAPE. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi.

• Ukukhwehlela: Kungaqala njengokukhwehlela okomileyo, kuze kuqhubeke kube kukukhwehlela okupinki, okunamafu.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla): Ekuqaleni, ungaziva udiniwe kwaye uphelelwa ngamandla okuphefumla kuphela xa usenza umsebenzi olula okanye uhamba. Kamva, kuba nzima ukuphefumla nokuba umi nje.
• I-Tachycardia: Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Ukwanda kwesantya sokuphefumla (i-tachypnea): Uqala ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
• Umkhuhlane ophantsi.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (i-cyanosis): Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.

Ukongeza kwezi mpawu, usenokuba neempawu zolunye uhlobo lokugula kwindawo ephakamileyo, olubizwa ngokuba yi-high-altitude cerebral edema, oluyimeko apho ingqondo izaliswe ngamanzi.

Yintoni ebangela i-HAPE?

Njengoko sinyuka kwindawo ephakamileyo, uxinzelelo lomoya kunye namanqanaba eoksijini emoyeni aya ehla kunokuba enjalo kwinqanaba lolwandle. Umzimba wakho unokuziqhelanisa kancinci kancinci nala manqanaba aphantsi eoksijini, kodwa kuthatha ixesha. Ukuba ngequbuliso unyuka ngokukhawuleza, igazi lakho, ngaloo ndlela izicwili zakho kunye namalungu omzimba, aziyi kufumana oksijini eyaneleyo. Oku kunokukwenza ugule kwaye kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Xa inxalenye yemiphunga yakho ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo, imithambo yegazi emiphungeni yakho iyancipha. Oku kuzama ukutyhala igazi liye kwezinye iindawo zemiphunga yakho ezisebenza kakuhle. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo kwimithambo yegazi lunyuke, okubangela ukuba ulwelo luphume. Olu lwelo luyaqokelelana emiphungeni yakho, okwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Ekugqibeleni, igazi linokuvuza lingene emiphungeni yakho, kwaye unokukhohlela i - mucus enegazi.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-HAPE?

Khumbula, nokuba usempilweni kangakanani na, akukukhuseli kwi-HAPE. Eyona nto iyingozi kukukhula ngokukhawuleza, nokuba usempilweni kwaye unamandla kangakanani na. Le meko ikwabonakala kakhulu kumadoda.

Ezinye izinto ezinobungozi zezi:

• Ekubeni sele ndiphuhlise i-HAPE ngaphambili.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olukhoyo ngaphambili emiphungeni, olwaziwa ngokuba yi-pulmonary hypertension.
• Kukho utshintsho oluthile kwisakhiwo sentliziyo, umzekelo, ukungakwazi ukusebenza kakuhle kwentliziyo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwemithambo yegazi.
• Imozulu ebandayo.
• Ukuba neentsholongwane zokuphefumla.

Ufumanisa njani ukuba une-HAPE?

Ugqirha uza kugqiba ukuba unayo na i-HAPE ngokweempawu zakho. Baza kujonga ukuphefumla kwakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, inqanaba leoksijini egazini, kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo. Ukuba usiwa kwiziko lezonyango, i-X-ray yesifuba inokwenziwa ukujonga ulwelo olukwimiphunga yakho. Ezinye iimvavanyo kunye neeskeni zingenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe ezinye iimeko.

Iphathwa njani i-HAPE?

Unyango lokuqala lwe-HAPE lulongezelelo lweoksijini. Kwakhona, kufuneka ufikelele kwindawo esezantsi ngokukhawuleza. Oku kuthetha ukuba wehla uye kwi-1,000 feet (300 metres), kwaye kungcono ukuya kwi-1,000 feet (3,300 feet). Ungadinga uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo ukuze wehle. Hlala ufudumele kwaye usele amanzi amaninzi.

Emva kokuba wehlile, okanye ngelixa ulinde ukwehla, ugqirha angakunika unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-hyperbaric therapy. Oku kungenziwa kwigumbi eliphathwayo le-hyperbaric, njengeGamow Bag®. Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha basebenzisa amayeza abizwa ngokuba yi-nifedipine okanye i-phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors (njenge-sildenafil okanye i-tadalafil). Nangona kunjalo, la mayeza adla ngokusetyenziswa kancinci ukuba unako ukwehla aze anike ioksijini.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa kuvela i-HAPE?

Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, i-HAPE ingakubulala. Kufuneka ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ulindele ukuba usiwe kwindawo esezantsi ukuze ufumane unyango. Wakuba uphilile, ugqirha wakho uya kukuxelela ukuba kukhuselekile na ukuqhubeka nohambo lwakho. Ngokubanzi, akukhuthazwa ukuba uphinde unyuke ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yesantya esiphezulu sokubuya kwesifo.

Kungathatha malunga neeveki ezimbini ukuba iimpawu ze-HAPE ziphele ngokupheleleyo.

Ukuba ayinyangwa, ama-50% abantu abafumana i-HAPE baya kufa, ngoko ke musa ukuyithatha lula le nto.

Ufanele ufune nini ingcebiso kagqirha?

Kufuneka ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha kwangoko nje ukuba ufumana iimpawu zokuqala zokugulela ukuphakama. Xelela umntu ohamba nawe ngeempawu zakho, kuba usenokungakwazi ukuzixela kamva. Ukuba uneempawu ze-HAPE, funa uncedo ngokukhawuleza.

Ndingayibuza ntoni ugqirha?

Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho imibuzo efana nale:

• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndiphile?
• Ndingafikelela njani kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngokukhuselekileyo kwixesha elizayo?
• Ndingaqhubeka nohambo lwam?
• Ndingakubona nini kwakhona?

Ngaba i-HAPE ingathintelwa? Ewe, nantsi indlela!

Ukunyuka kancinci kancinci yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela isifo sokuphakama, kuquka ne-HAPE. Ukuba uqala ukuba neempawu zesi sifo sokuphakama, yeka ukunyuka ngakumbi uze uqhele ukuphakama, okanye wehle ude uzive ungcono. Musa ukulinda de iimpawu zakho zibe mandundu.

Nazi ezinye iingcebiso zokunciphisa umngcipheko we-HAPE xa uhamba kwiindawo eziphakamileyo:

• Cwangcisa uhambo lwakho ngononophelo kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zokuba ufuna ukunyusa ubude obungakanani ngosuku.
• Ukuba kufuneka ngequbuliso uye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ngenqwelomoya, cinga ngaloo nto. Nokuba awuhambi ngeenyawo, kufuneka ulungelelanise umzimba wakho kwindawo ephakamileyo.
• Cwangcisa iintsuku zokuphumla ukuze umzimba wakho ulungelelane. Kucetyiswa ukuba uthathe ikhefu losuku olunye okanye ezimbini rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezintathu.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezinokuthi zichaphazeleke kukuphakama kwentaba, thetha nogqirha wakho ngazo.
• Ukuba usengozini ye-HAPE, buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuthatha amayeza okuthintela okanye ukuthintela. Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banika amayeza afanayo okunyanga i-HAPE njengokuthintela.

Xa sizimisele ukufezekisa into enkulu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukungxama ukuze sifikelele usukelo ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa xa ukwindawo ephakamileyo, ukungxama kunokuba yingozi. Nokuba uzama ukunyuka incopho ephezulu ehlabathini okanye uhamba nje ngempelaveki, zinike ixesha elaneleyo lokuqhelana neendawo eziphakamileyo kwaye ulandele izikhokelo zokunyuka ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ungaze uhambe wedwa. Soloko uthetha nabantu ohamba nabo uze ubone ukuba baziva njani. Qaphela indlela yokufumana ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba uzive ungaphili kakuhle. Nokuba usempilweni kangakanani na, awazi ukuba ungalufuna nini uncedo olongezelelweyo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, masiphinde sikukhumbuze ngezona ngongoma zibalulekileyo koko sithethe ngako:

• I-HAPE yimeko eyingozi apho imiphunga igcwala ngamanzi kwiindawo eziphakamileyo.
• Ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko.
• Yiba norhano xa ufumana iimpawu ezinje ngokukhohlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo, kunye nolusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Unyango oluphambili kukwehla uze uthabathe ioksijini ngokukhawuleza nje xa kuvela iimpawu.
• Eyona nto ingcono omawuyiphephe kukunyuka kancinci, unike umzimba wakho ixesha lokuziqhelanisa.
• Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo okanye ukhe waba neHAPE ngaphambili.

Khumbula, ukuya kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kunokuba ngamava amnandi. Kodwa ukuze ukwenze ngokukhuselekileyo, kubalulekile ukuba uzazi ezi zinto. Ukhuseleko lwakho lusezandleni zakho!

"I-HAPE, isifo seentaba, isifo semiphunga, isifo sokunyuka kwentaba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini, ukunyuka intaba