Isifo Sombefu: Konke Okufuneka Ukwazi - Nirogi Lanka

I-asthma , edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchial asthma, yimeko engapheliyo echaphazela imiphunga yakho. Yenzeka xa ulwelo lwendlela yakho yomoya luvuvukala kwaye ludumba, nto leyo ebangela ukuba lunciphe luze luzaliseke nge-mucus. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuphefumla. Nangona i-asthma yimeko yexesha elide (engapheliyo) engenakuphiliswa ngokupheleleyo, ungayilawula ngempumelelo ngamayeza afanelekileyo nangokulandela ulwalathiso lukagqirha wakho.

I-Asthma ikhula njani?

Ngokwesiqhelo, xa uphefumla, izihlunu ezijikeleze iindlela zakho zomoya zihlala zikhululekile, zivumela umoya ukuba uhambe ngokukhululekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa une-asthma, ezi mpendulo zilandelayo zenzeka:

I-Bronchospasm:

Izihlunu ezijikeleze indlela yakho yomoya ziyaqina (ziyaqina). Oku kunciphisa iindlela zomoya, okwenza kube nzima kuwe ukuphefumla.

Ukudumba:

Ulwelo lwangaphakathi lweendlela zakho zomoya luyadumba, nto leyo ethintela ukuhamba komoya ngakumbi.

Imveliso yeMucus:

Umzimba wakho uvelisa i-mucus egqithisileyo, evala iindlela zakho zomoya ezixineneyo.

Xa ezi zinto zintathu zenzeka ngaxeshanye, ukuphefumla kuba nzima kakhulu, okuhlala kubangela isandi "sokuphefumla". Esi siganeko saziwa njengohlaselo lwe-asthma (okanye ukugqithisela/ukuvutha). Ukuba ufumana ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla, nceda ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo kwisibhedlele esikufutshane.

Iintlobo ze-Asthma

I-asthma ingahlulwahlulwa ngokwesizathu esiyintloko kunye nobunzima beempawu:

Ngokusekelwe kwiZibangeli:

• I-Allergic Asthma : Ibangelwa kukuvezwa kwezinto ezibangela i-allergens ezifana nothuli, i-pollens , okanye i-dander yezilwanyana zasekhaya.
• I-asthma engeyo-allergy: Ibangelwa zizinto ezifana nokuzilolonga, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, isifo sokuphefumla, okanye umoya obandayo.

Ngokusekelwe kwiNqanaba leeMpawu:

• I-Asthma engapheliyo: Iimpawu ziyenzeka ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba zenzeke yonke imihla.
• I-Persistent Asthma: Iimpawu zivela rhoqo. Oku kukwahlulwahlulwa njengobuncinci, obuphakathi, okanye obuqatha, kuxhomekeke ekubeni iimpawu zakho ziphindaphindeka kangakanani na kwaye zinamandla kangakanani.

Ngokusekelwe kubudala bokuqala:

• I-Asthma eqala kubantu abadala: I-Asthma eqala emva kweminyaka eli-18.
• I-Asthma Yabantwana/Yabantwana: I-Asthma ikhula ngaphambi kokuba ibe neminyaka emi-5. Abanye abantwana bayayishiya ikhula, kodwa ukuba umntwana wakho ufunyaniswe ene-HIV, qiniseka ukuba uxoxa ngesicwangciso solawulo nogqirha wezingane zakho kwaye ugcine i-inhaler yokuhlangula ifumaneka lula ukuze isetyenziswe ngoko nangoko.

Ezinye iintlobo:

• I-Asthma/ i-bronchospasm ebangelwa kukuzilolonga: Iimpawu ezibangelwa ngokukodwa kukuzilolonga ngokomzimba.
• I-Occupational Asthma: Ibangelwa kukudibana nomsebenzi (umz., umgubo, uthuli lomthi, okanye izinto ezibangela ukurhawuzelelwa ziikhemikhali ).
• Isifo Sokudityaniswa Kwesifuba Ne-COPD (I-ACOS ): Imeko apho une-asthma kunye ne-COPD ( i-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ), zombini ezi zizifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga ezichaphazela ukuhamba komoya.

Ngubani onokufumana isifo sesifuba?

Nabani na unokuba nesifo se-asthma nokuba uneminyaka emingaphi, nangona unokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu ukuba:

• Uneengxaki ze-allergies.
• Ungumtshayi okanye uhlala ujongene nomsi wecuba osetyenziswa ngomnye umntu okanye owesithathu.
• Ungumntu wesifazane, njengoko ngokwezibalo, ukwanda kwesifo sesifuba kuphezulu kubafazi.
• Ungowomthonyama waseAfrika, njengoko uphando lubonisa amazinga aphezulu okuxhaphaka kwabemi abamnyama.

Izizathu kunye Nezinto Ezinobungozi

Nangona unobangela ochanekileyo we-asthma ungacacanga, umngcipheko wakho uyanda kakhulu ngezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ii-Allergies: Eyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba umntu abe nesifo sesifuba.
• Izinto Ezichaphazela Indalo: Ukuchanabeka kumsi, uthuli, okanye kwiikhemikhali. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu kubantwana abancinci abaneenkqubo zabo zokuzikhusela ( inkqubo encedisayo ) ezisakhula.
• I-genetics: Imbali yosapho ene-asthma inyusa umngcipheko wakho.
• Izifo zokuphefumla : Izifo ezinzulu zabantwana abancinci (ezifana ne-RSV) zingonakalisa izicubu zemiphunga kwaye zonyuse umngcipheko we-asthma wexesha elide.

Izinto ezibangela uhlaselo lwe-asthma

Uhlaselo lwesifuba luqala xa udibana nento ovakalelwa yiyo okanye onayo i-allergy. Iimpendulo zinokwenzeka ngoko nangoko okanye zibambezeleke ngeeyure okanye iintsuku. Nangona izinto ezibangela eso sifo zahlukile kumntu nomntu, ezi zilandelayo ziingxaki eziqhelekileyo kubantu abaninzi:

• Ungcoliseko lomoya: Oku kuquka umsi ovela kwimizi-mveliso, umsi ophuma kwizithuthi , kunye nomsi ovela kwimililo yasendle.
• Iincukuthu zothuli: Ezi zidalwa ezincinci zihlala phantse kuzo zonke izindlu. Zingumthombo oqhelekileyo wesifo sombefu esibangelwa yi-allergy.
• Ukuzilolonga: Kwabanye, ukwenza umthambo kunokubangela iimpawu zesifuba.
• Umngundo: Ukukhula komngundo kwiindawo ezimanzi kunokubangela isifo sesifuba, kwanabo bangenaso isifo sesifuba.
• Izinambuzane: Ukuhlasela kweempuku, iimpuku, kunye nezinye izinambuzane zasekhaya kunokubangela ukuba isifo sesifuba sibe sibi kakhulu.
• Izilwanyana zasekhaya: Ukuba unengxaki yokunganyamezelani nezinto ezibangela i-allergies kwizilwanyana, ukudibana ne-pet dander (amaqhekeza amancinci esikhumba) kunokubangela uhlaselo lwe-asthma.
• Umsi wecuba:Ukuba uyatshaya, okanye uhlala ujongene nomsi ophuma komnye umntu, umngcipheko wakho we-asthma uyanda kakhulu. Kuphephe ukutshaya kwiindawo ezivalekileyo ezifana neemoto okanye ngaphakathi endlwini. Ukuyeka ukutshaya lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo onokulithatha kwimpilo yakho.
• Iikhemikhali okanye amavumba anamandla: Ukuvezwa kwiivumba ezinamandla, ezinje ngeziqholo okanye iimveliso zokucoca eziqatha, kunokubangela iimpawu kwabanye abantu.
• Ukuchatshazelwa emsebenzini: Iindawo ezithile zomsebenzi zinokukuchatshazelwa luthuli, amasuntswana eenkuni, okanye iikhemikhali ezinokubangela okanye ziyenze mandundu i-asthma.

Indlela yokubona iimpawu ze-asthma

Nangona iimpawu zingafana nezinye izifo zokuphefumla, abantu abane-asthma bahlala befumana oku kulandelayo:

• Ukuqina kwesifuba, iintlungu, okanye uxinzelelo.
• Ukukhohlela, ingakumbi ebusuku.
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Isandi sokuphefumla xa uphefumla.

Kubalulekile: Asinguye wonke umntu ohlangabezana nazo zonke ezi mpawu, kwaye iimpawu zinokuhluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya komnye—okanye zihluke kuwe ukusuka kolunye uhlaselo ukuya kolunye.

Uxilongo

Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya imbali yakho yezonyango, iimpawu, kunye nemvelaphi yosapho lwakho, kwaye unokucebisa ukuba wenze ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo:

• I-Spirometry: Oku kulinganisa ukuba imiphunga yakho inokugcina umoya ongakanani kunye nokuba ungawukhupha ngamandla kangakanani. Isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga i-asthma kunye nokulandelela ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle kangakanani.
• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lolusu – Ukuchonga izinto ezinokubangela ukuba kubekho ukunganyamezelani komzimba.

Unyango lweSifuba

Kukho amayeza ahlukeneyo afumanekayo ukunceda ukulawula iindlela zakho zomoya kunye nokulawula isifo sakho sesifuba.

• Iibronchodilators: Ezi zinceda ekuphumzeni izihlunu ezijikeleze indlela yakho yomoya, zenze kube lula ukuphefumla. Zifumaneka njengee-inhaler ezikhawulezileyo (zokunceda) kwiimpawu ezikhawulezileyo okanye amayeza okulawula ixesha elide ukuthintela ukuhlaselwa.
• Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala: La mayeza adla ngokuthathwa yonke imihla ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nokuvuvukala kwindlela yakho yomoya.
• Unyango lwebhayoloji: Olu lugcinelwe izigulana ezine-asthma enzima ezineempawu ezingalawulwa ngokwaneleyo zii-inhalers eziqhelekileyo.

Amayeza anokunikwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:

• Ii-inhalers: Ezi zizisa amayeza ngqo emiphungeni yakho. Iintlobo ziquka ii-inhalers zedosi elinganisiweyo (i-MDI) kunye nee-inhalers zepowder eyomileyo (i-DPI).
• IiNebulizer: Ezi ziguqula amayeza olwelo abe yinkungu encinci ukuze uphefumle.
• Amayeza omlomo: Iipilisi okanye ulwelo oluthathwa ngomlomo.

Ulawulo lweSifuba

Ulawulo olusebenzayo lwe-asthma luthetha:

• Ungayigcina imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla, ekhaya nasemsebenzini.
• Iimpawu zakho zincinci okanye azikho kwaphela.
• Akufuneki usebenzise i-rescue inhaler yakho rhoqo.
• Ungalala kamnandi ubusuku bonke ungavuswa yi-asthma.

Isicwangciso sokuSebenza kwiSifo soBundlongondlongo

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunceda uphuhlise iSicwangciso sokuSebenza se-Asthma, esichaza indlela yokulawula amayeza akho kunye nento omawuyenze ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyavela. Kubalulekile ukulandela esi sicwangciso ngokusondeleyo. Sidla ngokuquka:

• Uhlobo lwakho oluthile lwesifuba.
• Izinto ezibangela ukuba uzive.
• Amagama amayeza akho kunye nendlela yokuwasebenzisa.
• Imiyalelo ecacileyo yento omawuyenze xa iimpawu zakho zincinci, ziphakathi, okanye zinzima.
• Abantu abafowunelwa ngexesha likaxakeka xa kukho uhlaselo.

Ukubeka esweni iimpawu

Kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu xa iimpawu zakho zesifuba zenzeka kunye nendlela ezivakala ngayo. Ugqirha wakho angakucela ukuba usebenzise "i-peak flow meter." Esi sixhobo silinganisa indlela onokukhupha ngayo umoya ngamandla emiphungeni yakho. Sinceda ugqirha wakho ukuba alandele indlela unyango lwakho olusebenza ngayo, alungise amayeza akho njengoko kufuneka, kwaye abone ukuba kukho ukudumba kwesifuba okunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kube nzima.

Indlela Yokuthintela Isifo Sombefu (Ukuthintela)

Ukuba une-asthma, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuyilawula kukuchonga nokuphepha izinto ezikubangelayo. Nangona i-asthma ingenakuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo, ulawulo olusebenzayo lubalulekile.

Ithini imbono yomntu one-Asthma? (Imbono/Ukuqikelela)

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo sesifuba akuthethi ukuba ubomi bakho bumisiwe. Ngolwalathiso olufanelekileyo lwezonyango kunye nonyango oluqhubekayo, ungaphila ubomi obupheleleyo, obusebenzayo, nobonwabisayo. Abadlali abaninzi abadumileyo kwihlabathi, umzekelo, baphumelele kakhulu ngelixa belawula isifo sabo sesifuba.

Ukuphila Nesifuba

Landela iSicwangciso sakho sokuSebenza kwiSifo seNgqondo.

Esi sesona sixhobo sakho sibalulekileyo sempumelelo.

Sela amayeza akho njengoko uyalelwe.

Namathela kwishedyuli yakho kwaye ungaze utsibe iidosi zakho.

Ziphephe izinto ezibangela loo nto.

Hlala kude nezinto okanye iindawo ezibangela ukuba iimpawu zakho zibe zimbi ngakumbi.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango.

Gcina indlela yokuphila esempilweni.

Yitya kakuhle, yenza umthambo rhoqo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba ulala ngokwaneleyo.

Kuthekani ukuba ufumana uhlaselo olunzima lwe-asthma?

Uhlaselo oluqatha lwesifo sesifuba lungxamiseko yezonyango esongela ubomi. Funa unyango olukhawulezileyo.

• Okokuqala, sebenzisa "i-inhaler yakho yokusindisa" ngoko nangoko. Ukuba awufumani kuphumla kwimizuzu engama-20, yisebenzise kwakhona.
• Ukuba iimpawu ziyaqhubeka, okanye ukuba awunayo inhaler yakho, fowunela u-911 okanye uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana:
  • Uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye uloyiko.
  • Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiinzipho zakho, imilebe, okanye iintsini (oku kunokubonakala kungwevu okanye kumhlophe kwiimibala emnyama yesikhumba).
  • Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni okanye uxinzelelo.
  • Ukukhohlela rhoqo okanye ukuphefumla kakhulu.
  • Ubunzima bokuthetha.
  • Ubuso obumhlophe, obubilayo.
  • Ukuphefumla okukhawulezayo, okusebenzayo.

Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)

I-Asthma kunye neentsholongwane zokuphefumla (umz., i-COVID-19)

Ukuba une-asthma, usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu weengxaki ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane zokuphefumla, ezinokukhokelela esibhedlele. Kubalulekile ukunxiba iimaski kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, ukuhlala unolwazi ngee-vaccine, kwaye uphephe ukudibana nabantu abagulayo.

Isishwankathelo:

Isifo sesifuba sisifo esiqhelekileyo. Ngokuqonda impilo yakho nokuthatha amanyathelo okuzilungiselela, unganciphisa impembelelo yaso ebomini bakho. Ukuba uziva utshintsho oluncinci ekuphefumleni kwakho, qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Khumbula, awuwedwa; iqela lakho lezonyango, usapho, kunye nabahlobo eNirogi Lanka balapha ukukuxhasa.