Xa usiva igama elithi "cholesterol," yintoni efika engqondweni yakho? Uninzi lwexesha, sisifo esichaphazela abantu abadala kunye nabo batyebe kancinci, akunjalo? Kodwa ungamangaliswa kukwazi ukuba nomntu oselula, oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, unokuba nesifo sentliziyo esibi. Enyanisweni, amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol eselula anzima kakhulu kunokuba sicinga, kwaye abantu abaninzi abazi ngayo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ingalindelekanga, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu.
UBrandon Wilson waqala ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo xa wayeneminyaka engama-29 ubudala. Ngenye imini, weva iintlungu eziqatha esifubeni. Umama wakhe kunye nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni bamkhawulezisa kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele (ETU). Kodwa ekuqaleni, oogqirha babengakholelwa ukuba umntu omncinci kangaka unokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Kamva, uvavanyo lwatyhila ukuba uBrandon wayevalekile nge-99% kwenye yemithambo yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi entliziyweni yakhe. Wayenesifo esizuzwe njengelifa esibizwa ngokuba yi-cholesterol ephezulu. Eli bali lisibonisa ukuba i-cholesterol ayisiyonto nje yokwaluphala.
Yintoni i-cholesterol? Kutheni ibalulekile kubantu abancinci?
Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha olubalulekileyo ekukhuleni kweeseli emizimbeni yethu nasekuvelisweni kweehomoni ezithile. Kodwa iingxaki zivela xa ininzi kakhulu.
Xa sithetha nge-cholesterol, sithetha ngeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili, akunjalo?
- I-LDL (i-Low-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "embi". Xa isanda, inokwakhela eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yethu, inciphise kwaye iyivale. Le yeyona nto ibangela izifo ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
- I-HDL (i-High-Density Lipoprotein) I-Cholesterol: Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-cholesterol "elungileyo". Oku kungenxa yokuba ithwala i-cholesterol embi kakhulu esuka kwimithambo yegazi iye esibindini kwaye iyisuse emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL kulungile entliziyweni.
Abantu abaninzi abaselula bacinga ukuba kufuneka bakhathazeke nge-cholesterol xa bekhula. Kodwa loo nto yimpazamo enkulu. Ingxaki ephambili kukuba nokuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aphezulu, asenokungabonakalisi zimpawu xa usemncinci. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungenza umonakalo omkhulu ngaphakathi ngaphandle kweengxaki.
Umngcipheko we-cholesterol ezuzwe njengelifa - Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
Ngokwesiqhelo, i-cholesterol iyanda ngenxa yeempazamo zendlela yokuphila ezifana nokutya esikutyayo kunye nokungazilolongi. Nangona kunjalo, i-Familial Hypercholesterolemia, okanye i-FH ngamafutshane, yimeko eyahlukileyo.
I-FH yimeko ebangelwa sisiphene semfuza. Oku kuthetha ukuba idluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana, ukusuka kubazali ukuya ebantwaneni. Abantu abanale meko banengxaki apho imizimba yabo ingakwaziyo ukususa ngokufanelekileyo i-LDL cholesterol embi egazini labo. Ngenxa yoko, amanqanaba abo e-LDL aphezulu kakhulu ukususela ekuzalweni.
Kuqikelelwa ukuba umntu omnye kubantu abangama-250 emhlabeni une-FH. Kodwa into ebuhlungu kukuba, uninzi lwaba bantu aluqondi ukuba banale meko.
| Uphawu | Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo le-cholesterol ephezulu | I-Hypercholesterolemia yoSapho (FH) |
|---|---|---|
| Isizathu | Eyona ndlela yokuphila (ukutya, ukungazilolongi, ukutshaya, ukutyeba kakhulu) | Isiphene semfuza esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. |
| Amanqanaba e-LDL ("amabi") | Inqanaba lomntu omdala lingaphantsi kwe-190 mg/dL. | Iphezulu kakhulu ukususela ekuzalweni (idla ngokuba ngaphezulu kwe-190 mg/dL kumntu omdala). |
| Unyango | Ingalawulwa rhoqo ngokutshintsha indlela yokuphila. Amayeza anikwa xa kuyimfuneko. | Ukutshintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela akwanelanga. Ukusela amayeza (umz. ii-statins) ngokuqinisekileyo kuyimfuneko. |
| Impembelelo yosapho | Amalungu osapho nawo anokuba nomngcipheko, kodwa awuzuzwanga ngokuthe ngqo ngokwemfuza. | Amalungu osapho asondeleyo (abazali, abantakwabo noodadewabo, abantwana) asengozini ye-50%. |
Ufanele ulihlole nini izinga le-cholesterol yakho?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu, kuba akukho zimpawu, kwaye oku kunokubonwa kuphela ngovavanyo.
Oogqirha badla ngokucebisa:
- Kubantwana: Uvavanyo lokuqala lucetyiswa phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-11 ubudala. Emva koko, uhlolo lwenziwa malunga neminyaka emi-5. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo emncinci okanye une-cholesterol ephezulu, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba uhlole amanqanaba e-cholesterol yomntwana wakho kwasekuqaleni kweminyaka emi-2 ubudala .
- Kwabaselula: Licebo elihle ukujonga i-cholesterol yakho ubuncinci rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 emva kweminyaka engama-20. Njengoko ukhula (emva kweminyaka engama-55 kubafazi, emva kweminyaka engama-45 kumadoda), olu vavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe rhoqo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze uvavanywe njengoko ecebisa. Musa ukucinga nje ukuba, "Mhlawumbi andinalo i-cholesterol ephezulu."
Ukuba une-FH, ngaba utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lodwa alwanelanga?
Lo ngumahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-FH kunye namanqanaba aqhelekileyo e-cholesterol. Uyakhumbula ibali likaBrandon esikuxelele ngalo ngaphambili? Wafunyaniswa ene-FH xa wayeneminyaka esi-8 ubudala. Ukususela ngelo xesha, umama wakhe wamondla ukutya okunempilo, okune-cholesterol ephantsi. Wayedlala imidlalo, wayekhuthele. Wenza yonke into "ngokuchanekileyo." Kwiminyaka yakhe yama-20, ugqirha wamfaka iyeza lokunciphisa i-cholesterol (i-statin).
Kodwa nangona kunjalo, wahlaselwa yintliziyo eneminyaka engama-29 ubudala.
Ithetha ntoni le nto?
Ukutya okunempilo kunye nokuzilolonga kubaluleke kakhulu kumntu one-FH. Kodwa ezo zinto zodwa azinakulawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol. Kuba ingxaki ayikho kwindlela yokuphila, kodwa ikwi-genes. Ke ngoko, umntu one-FH ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka athathe iyeza elinye okanye ngaphezulu lokunciphisa i-cholesterol ubomi bakhe bonke .
"Asifuni ukulahlekelwa ngabantu ngenxa ye-FH kuba sinazo zonke iindlela zonyango esizidingayo namhlanje. Esikufunayo kukuyichonga kwangethuba, besebancinci."
Ndingaba ne-FH nam? Ndingayazi njani loo nto?
Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (abazali, abantakwenu, ootatomkhulu noomakhulu) oye waba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi eselula (amadoda angaphantsi kweminyaka engama-55, abafazi abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65) , loo nto iyingozi kakhulu.
Kwakhona, ukuba ingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwe-cholesterol ibonisa amanqanaba e-LDL angaphezu kwe-190 mg/dL (okanye ngaphezulu kwe-160 mg/dL kumntwana), inokuba luphawu oluqinileyo lwe-FH.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba usemngciphekweni, kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza:
1. Bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko: Xelela ugqirha wakho ngembali yempilo yosapho lwakho.
2. Buza usapho lwakho: Buza izalamane zakho nge-cholesterol nesifo sentliziyo.
3.Thumela kwingcali: Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali yentliziyo.
4. Yazisa usapho lwakho: Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-FH, kukho amathuba angama-50% okuba abazali bakho, abantakwenu, kunye nabantwana bakho nabo babe nayo. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wonke umntu avavanywe .
UBrandon ngoku uhlala kamnandi nabantwana bakhe abahlanu. Intombi yakhe nayo ifunyenwe ine-FH. Kodwa uBrandon uthi, "Ndiyazi ukuba intombi yam ayizukuba nangxaki." Kuba ngoku bayazi ukuba siyintoni esi sifo kwaye bafanele benze ntoni ngaso. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo kunokusindisa ubomi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-cholesterol ayisiyongxaki yabantu abadala kuphela, ulutsha kunye nabantwana nabo basengozini.
- Fumanisa ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci. Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu.
- Nokuba awunazo naziphi na iimpawu, jonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol akho kunye nawomntwana wakho rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele.
- Ukuba une-FH yelifa, akwanelanga ukutya kakuhle nokuzilolonga. Kufuneka uthathe amayeza ubomi bakho bonke.
- Ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, ungaphepha iingxaki ezinkulu ezibangelwa yi-cholesterol kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni. I-FH ayilogunyaziso lokufa.
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