Xa usiva igama elithi HIV, mhlawumbi uziva usoyika kwaye unexhala. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa endaweni yokoyika nokuzifihla, eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukwazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukhathalele impilo yakho. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba luyintoni olu vavanyo lweHIV, indlela yokulufumana, kunye nokuba kutheni lubalulekile, ngendlela elula kakhulu onokuyiqonda.
Masiqale sibone, yintoni le nto yovavanyo lwe-HIV?
Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwe-HIV lujonga ukuba unayo na intsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) emzimbeni wakho. I-HIV sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo. Le ntsholongwane ihlasela amajoni omzimba wethu, alwa nesifo. Emva koko amandla omzimba wethu okumelana nesifo ayancipha kancinci kancinci.
Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba ukuba ufumana i-HIV, ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba ne -AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) . Kodwa akunjalo. Nokuba usulelwe yi-HIV, ukuba uxilongwe kwangethuba kwaye ufumana unyango olufanelekileyo, unokuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwe-AIDS. Ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kangaka ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-HIV. Okukhona ufumanisa ukuba unosulelo, kokukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza kwaye womeleze amajoni akho omzimba.
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lwangoku luhambele phambili ngokwaneleyo ukuba lufumane le ntsholongwane ngokuchanekileyo, ngoko ke ungathemba iziphumo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zovavanyo lokufumanisa i-HIV?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zovavanyo lokujonga i-HIV. Olu vavanyo lunokusebenzisa isampulu yegazi lakho (nokuba ngumthambo okanye ukuhlatywa ngomnwe) okanye isampulu yolwelo lwakho lomlomo. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Ubona ntoni kule nto? | Amanqaku abalulekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lweNucleic Acid (NAT) | Oku kujonga ngqo ubukho bentsholongwane (HIV RNA) egazini. Kungajonga nobungakanani bentsholongwane egazini (umthwalo wentsholongwane). | Olu luvavanyo olunokulubona ngokukhawuleza usulelo. Kodwa lubiza kancinci. Aluqalwa luqalwe lungenziwa. Lwenziwa ukuba kukho iimpawu okanye ukuba ufuna ukuqinisekisa usulelo. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen/Antibody | Endaweni yentsholongwane, ijonga izinto ezimbini ezinxulumene nentsholongwane. Enye yi -antigen . Le yinxalenye yentsholongwane ngokwayo (p24) evuselela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni. Into yesibini yi -antibody . Le yiproteni ekhethekileyo eyenziwa ngumzimba wethu ukulwa nentsholongwane. | Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kuqala. Ekubeni ii-antigens zivela egazini ngaphambi kwee-antibodies, usulelo lunokufunyanwa kwangethuba kancinci. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-Antibody | Oku kujonga kuphela ukuba umzimba wethu unazo na ii-antibodies ezichasene ne-HIV. | Iimvavanyo ezininzi ezikhawulezayo kunye neekiti zasekhaya ziwela kolu luhlu. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokuba kuthatha ixesha ukuba ii-antibodies ziphuhle, azibonakali iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokosuleleka. |
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lokuqala lubonisa ukuba une-HIV (une-HIV), kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo olunye okanye ngaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba unayo.
Ngubani ofanele avavanyelwe i-HIV kwaye nini?
Ngokweengcebiso zeWorld Health Organisation, wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala kufuneka avavanyelwe i-HIV ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini bakhe . Kuba usulelo lwe-HIV lunokungabi nazimpawu kwasekuqaleni. Ke ngoko, ukuvavanya yeyona ndlela yokwazi ukuba unayo na intsholongwane. Kwakhona kunceda ekuthinteleni ukuba ungayidluliseli kwabanye intsholongwane ngokungazi.
Ukongeza, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo nakwabo basengozini enkulu, kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo rhoqo.
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwabantu abasengozini enkulu
I-HIV isasazeka kakhulu ngokunxibelelana ngesondo nangokutshintshiselana kolwelo lomzimba kunye negazi elinentsholongwane. Ngoko ke, ukuba ungomnye wamaqela alandelayo anobungozi, kububulumko ukuvavanya ubuncinane kanye ngonyaka .
- Ukuba ulala nomntu one-HIV (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ezifana neekhondom).
- Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba iqabane lakho likwimeko ye-HIV.
- Ukuba unamaqabane angaphezu kwelinye.
- Ukuba amadoda alala namadoda.
- Ukuba unesifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STI) ngaphandle kwe-HIV (kuba ke umngcipheko wokosulelwa yi-HIV uphezulu).
- Ukuba wabelana ngeenaliti nabanye ukuze ufake iziyobisi.
Kungcono ucele ingcebiso kugqirha wakho malunga nokuba kufuneka uvavanywe kangaphi ngokusekwe kumngcipheko wakho.
Khumbula ngokukodwa: Ukuba uhlaselwe ngokwesondo nangayiphi na indlela, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza uze uthethe ngonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) . Olu luluhlu lwamayeza anikwa ukuthintela i-HIV ukuba kukho ukurhaneleka kokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yiyo. Kodwa ukuze olu nyango lusebenze, kufuneka luqalwe kwiiyure ezingama-72 emva kwesehlo.
Uvavanyo lwe-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa
Kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuba uvavanyelwe i-HIV ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HIV inokudluliselwa ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana esibelekweni, ngexesha lokubeleka, okanye ngokuncancisa. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuvavanya kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa. Ukuba i-HIV ifunyenwe, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwaye umntwana unokuthintelwa phantse ngokupheleleyo ekudluliseleni intsholongwane kumama.
Ndingalufumana phi uvavanyo lwe-HIV eSri Lanka?
Ukuba ufuna ukwenza uvavanyo lwe-HIV, kukho iindawo ezininzi eSri Lanka zokwenza njalo.
- Izibhedlele zikarhulumente kunye neekliniki: Ungabuza ngale nto kwisibhedlele okanye kwikliniki karhulumente ekufutshane nawe.
- IiKliniki zeNkqubo yoLawulo lweZifo/uGawulayo zeSizwe eziThathelana ngesondo (i-NSACP): Ezi kliniki, ezikwinqanaba lesithili kulo lonke elaseSri Lanka, zibonelela ngeenkonzo zovavanyo lwe-HIV kunye neengcebiso zasimahla neziyimfihlo .
- Izibhedlele zabucala kunye neelebhu: Ezinye izibhedlele zabucala nazo zingenza olu vavanyo ngentlawulo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Masifunde "ngexesha lefestile"
Le yinto abantu abaninzi abangayiqondi ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kubalulekile ukuyazi. I-HIV ayinakubonwa ngovavanyo kwangoko nje ukuba ingene emzimbeni. Kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba intsholongwane ifikelele kwinqanaba elibonakalayo. Ixesha eliphakathi kosuku ochatshazelwe ngalo yintsholongwane kunye nosuku enokubonwa ngalo ngovavanyo yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"window period".
Ukuba uvavanya ngeli xesha, iziphumo zingabuya "zingalunganga" nokuba wosulelwe yintsholongwane. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba uvavanya ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
| Uhlobo lovavanyo | Ingafunyanwa emva kwexesha elingakanani emva kokosuleleka? (ixesha lokungena kwesifo) |
|---|---|
| Uvavanyo lwe-Nucleic acid (NAT) | Phakathi kweentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezingama-33 emva kokuvezwa. |
| Uvavanyo lwe-Antigen/Antibody | Ukuba igazi lithathwe emthanjeni, liphakathi kweentsuku ezili-18 nezingama-45 . Ukuba uthatha igazi kwiminwe yakho, kuya kuthatha phakathi kweentsuku ezili-18 nezingama-90 . |
| Uvavanyo lwe-antibody (uvavanyo olukhawulezileyo) | Phakathi kweentsuku ezingama-23 ukuya kwezingama-90 emva kokuvezwa. |
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba uvavanya emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa emva kwesiganeko esinobungozi uze ubuye uthi "Awuchanekanga," ayichanekanga ngokupheleleyo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, kukhuselekile ukuvavanya kwakhona emva kokuba ixesha elifanelekileyo lidlulile ukuqinisekisa.
Masifumane iziphumo emva kovavanyo.
Iziphumo zovavanyo zinokuba "zingalunganga" okanye "zilungile".
Ukuba isiphumo "sibi"...
Oku kuthetha ukuba uvavanyo aluzange lubone ukuba kukho intsholongwane kaGawulayo emzimbeni wakho. Oku kunokuthetha izinto ezimbini:
1. Awunalo igciwane le-HIV.
2. Ekubeni uvavanyiwe ngaphakathi kwexesha elibekiweyo, akukho ntsholongwane yaneleyo emzimbeni yokuyifumanisa.
Ngoko ke, ukuba usenamathandabuzo, phinda uvavanye emva kokuba ixesha lovavanyo lidlulile, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili.
Nokuba iziphumo azibonisi ukuba une-HIV, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kwi-HIV kwixesha elizayo. Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuzikhusela ezifana neekhondom kunye nokuphepha ukuziphatha ngokwesondo okuyingozi. Ukuba ukwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu,Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nePrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) , ipilisi yemihla ngemihla ethintela ukosuleleka yi-HIV.
Ukuba isiphumo "Silungile"...
Okokuqala, ungoyiki . Isiphumo esihle asikokuphela kobomi bakho. Kuthetha ukuba unentsholongwane kaGawulayo emzimbeni wakho. Kodwa kuya kufuneka wenze ezinye iimvavanyo ukuqinisekisa oku.
Ukuba usulelo lwakho lwe-HIV luqinisekisiwe, ugqirha wakho uza kukuqalisa ngesicwangciso sonyango. La mayeza, abizwa ngokuba yi -antiretroviral therapy (ART), anokulawula intsholongwane emzimbeni wakho, omeleze amajoni akho omzimba, kwaye akunike ithuba lokuphila ubomi obude nobunempilo.
Iindlela zonyango zanamhlanje ziphucuke kakhulu kangangokuba intsholongwane esegazini lomntu othatha amayeza inokuncipha ide ingabonakali, nokuba kuvavanyo. Umngcipheko wokudlulisela intsholongwane ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye usondele kwi-zero.
Kwakhona luxanduva lwakho ukwazisa iqabane lakho lesondo ngale nto uze ulivavanye. Ugqirha wakho kunye nabacebisi bakho baya kunika isikhokelo esifunekayo kunye nenkxaso yengqondo kuyo yonke le nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uvavanyo lwe-HIV aluyonto yokoyika. Linyathelo elihle ekufuneka ulithathe ukuze ukhathalele impilo yakho.
- Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu ophakathi kweminyaka eli-15 ukuya kuma-65 ubudala azivavanyelwe i-HIV ubuncinane kube kanye ebomini bakhe. Ukuba usemngciphekweni, zivavanyelwa rhoqo.
- Ukuba i-HIV ifunyaniswa kwangoko, kokukhona amathuba okufumana unyango kunye nobomi obusempilweni aba maninzi.
- Qiniseka ukuba unika ingqalelo "kwixesha lovavanyo" xa usenza uvavanyo. Ukuba unamathandabuzo, phinda uvavanye emva kokuba ixesha lovavanyo lidlulile.
- Ukuba ne-HIV akusosiphelo sobomi bakho. Ngonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje, ungaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obusempilweni, nobude.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, zive ukhululekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
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