Sihlala sisiva ezindabeni ukuba kukho intsholongwane entsha ebangela isifo esitsha. Kanye njengokuba besiva ngexesha lobhubhane we-coronavirus, izazinzulu zifumanise ukuba i-coronavirus yimbangela yesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-SARS. Kodwa ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba aba sosayensi banokutsho njani ngokuchanekileyo nangokuzithemba kangaka ukuba le ntsholongwane yimbangela yesi sifo? Ngaba luqikelelo nje? Okanye ngaba ikho indlela eyamkelekileyo yokuyenza? Sithetha ngaloo mfihlo namhlanje.
Imfihlo Yesayensi: Iingxelo ZikaRobert Koch
Oku akusiyonto yokuqikelela ngokwenene. Kukho indlela ethile yesayensi esetyenziswa zizazinzulu ukungqina ukuba intsholongwane ethile yimbangela yesifo. Kufana nophando lwamapolisa, inkqubo ethatha inyathelo ngenyathelo yokubamba umrhanelwa. Le ndlela yaqala ukwaziswa kwihlabathi ukususela ngo-1890 ngugqirha nososayensi waseJamani ogama linguRobert
Koch . Le mithetho siyibiza ngokuba yi
"Koch's Postulates." Ngamafutshane, le "yincwadi yemithetho emine" esetyenziswa zizazinzulu ukungqina ukuba intsholongwane "yimbangela yesifo." Makhe sibone ukuba yeyiphi le mithetho mine.
| Isikhundla sikaKoch | Kuthetha ukuthini oku? (Kalula nje) |
|---|
| Umthetho wokuqala | Wonke umntu onesifo esichaphazelekayo kufuneka abe nale ntsholongwane irhanelekayo emizimbeni yakhe. Ngokufanayo, abantu abaphilileyo abangenaso esi sifo abanakuba nale ntsholongwane emizimbeni yabo. |
| Umthetho wesibini | Kufanele ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba intsholongwane ikhule kwindawo yokukhulisa iintsholongwane elabhoratri, kwindawo ekhethekileyo, kwiithishu okanye kwezinye iisampuli (umzekelo, i-phlegm, igazi, indle) ezithathwe kumntu ogulayo. |
| Umthetho wesithathu | Xa loo ntsholongwane icocekileyo, ekhuliswe kwilebhu, ifakwa emzimbeni wesilwanyana (okanye umntu) esisempilweni nesisesichengeni, kufuneka ifumane isifo esifanayo nesokuqala. |
| Umthetho wesine | Kufanele kube nokwenzeka ukwahlula nokukhulisa intsholongwane efanayo yokuqala kwisampulu ethathwe kumntu wesibini osandul’ ukosuleleka okanye isilwanyana. |
Kodwa umntu ophilileyo akanakusasaza esi sifo, akunjalo?
Ngoku mhlawumbi unengxaki enkulu. Jonga loo mthetho wesithathu. Akulunganga na ukosulela umntu ophilileyo ngesifo? Akunakwenzeka. Ngoko ke izazinzulu ziwuzalisekisa njani lo mthetho?
Ewe, elo bali liyinyani ngokupheleleyo. Akukho mntu ubosulela abantu ngesifo ngabom aze enze iimvavanyo nangasiphi na isizathu. Yimpazamo enkulu leyo. Yiyo loo nto izazinzulu zisebenzisa ezinye iindlela ukungqina le mithetho yesithathu neyesine.
Iindlela zesayensi ezisetyenzisiweyo kuyo
1.
I-Epidemiology: Le yeyona ndlela iphambili. Ngamafutshane, i-epidemiology luphando lweepateni zokusasazeka kwesifo phakathi kwabantu. Njengomcuphi, izazinzulu zikhangela oku kulandelayo:
- Ngubani ofumene esi sifo?
- Babephi?
- Baye bahlala nabani?
- Ziziphi iikhonkco ezifanayo phakathi kwabantu abafumene esi sifo?
- Olu lwazi luthelekiswa nolwazi oluvela kwiqela labantu abaphilileyo abangazange babe nesi sifo.
Khawucinge nje, ukuba wonke umntu ofumene i-SARS wayechaphazeleka yintsholongwane kwaye abantu abangatyhilekanga abazange bagule, oko bekuya kuba bubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba unobangela wesifo yayikukubonakaliswa yintsholongwane. Ngale ndlela, umgaqo woMthetho wesiThathu unokubonakaliswa ngaphandle kokosulela umntu. 2.
Iimodeli zezilwanyana: Enye indlela kukuvavanywa kwezilwanyana. Izilwanyana ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana nezabantu (umz., iimpuku, iinkawu) zifakwa intsholongwane ekhuliswe kwilebhu. Ukuba eso silwanyana sifumana isifo esifana nesabantu, oko kuqinisekisa uMthetho wesiThathu. Ukuba intsholongwane inokwahlulwa kweso silwanyana kwakhona, ngoko uMthetho wesiThathu nawo uyinyaniso.
Le yindlela intsholongwane ye-SARS echongwe ngayo!
Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba le mithetho yasetyenziswa njani kubhubhane we-SARS.
- Imithetho Yokuqala Neyesibini: Izazinzulu zahlula i -coronavirus kwizigulana ezininzi ezineempawu ze-SARS. Kwaye zayikhulisa ngempumelelo intsholongwane elabhoratri. Ngoko ke yomibini imithetho yokuqala iyazalisekiswa.
- Imithetho Yesithathu Neyesine: Kulapho i-Epidemiology ingena khona.yanceda. Uvavanyo lubonise ngokucacileyo ukuba esi sifo sasixhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabo babechaphazeleke yintsholongwane, kwaye sasingekho phakathi kwabo babengakhange batyhileke. Ukongeza, abanye abantu ababechaphazeleke ngengozi (umz., abasebenzi bezempilo ababekhathalele izigulane) nabo kamva bagula, kwaye intsholongwane yokuqala yayinokwahlulwa kubo. Oku kuqinisekisile imigaqo yomthetho wesithathu nowesine. Oku kuqinisekiswe ngakumbi zizifundo zezilwanyana.
Ngoko ke ngoku uyazi, oku akusiyo nje ingqikelelo. Le yinkqubo yesayensi enengqondo kakhulu, ecwangcisiweyo, endala kangangeenkulungwane, kwaye ethembekileyo kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Izazinzulu zifumanisa ukuba isifo sibangelwa yintsholongwane ethile okanye intsholongwane, kungekhona ngokuqikelela, kodwa ngokulandela indlela yesayensi ebizwa ngokuba yi "Koch's Postulates."
- Le ndlela ibandakanya amanyathelo amane aphambili: ukuchonga intsholongwane kwizigulana, ukuyikhulisa elabhoratri, ukubonisa ukuba ibangela isifo, kunye nokwahlula intsholongwane efanayo kwakhona.
- Ngenxa yokuba akuyonto ilungileyo ukosulela abantu ngezifo ngabom, izazinzulu ziyaqinisekisa imigaqo yale mithetho ngeendlela ezifana ne-epidemiology kunye novavanyo lwezilwanyana.
- Ngoko ke, ukususela ngoku, xa usiva ukuba isifo esithile sibangelwa yintsholongwane, khumbula inkqubo yesayensi engqongqo emva kwaloo mazwi.
- Ukuba unengxaki yempilo okanye unamathandabuzo ngayo, soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ukuze akunike iingcebiso .
Intsholongwane, ukuxilongwa, imithetho kaKoch, indlela yesayensi, i-epidemiology, i-SARS, i-coronavirus
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