Ngaba nawe ukhathazekile ngokwanda kweehomoni zamadoda emzimbeni? Masithethe nge-hyperandrogenism!

Ngaba ukhathazekile malunga notshintsho oluthile emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbi isizathu kukwanda kwe- androgen, uhlobo lwehomoni yamadoda, emzimbeni. Le meko ngokwezonyango ibizwa ngokuba yi -hyperandrogenism . Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-hyperandrogenism?

Ngamafutshane, i-hyperandrogenism ithetha ukuba umzimba wakho une -androgens ezininzi kakhulu, uhlobo lwe-hormone yesini. I-Androgens ibalulekile ekukhuleni, kwimpilo yokuzala, nasekukhuleni komzimba.

Ngoku khangela, iihomoni ziikhemikhali emizimbeni yethu. Zifana nabathunywa. Zihamba ngegazi zize zixelele amalungu ethu, izihlunu, kunye nezinye izicubu zethu into ekufuneka siyenze kunye nexesha ekufuneka siyenze ngalo.

IiAndrogens ziveliswa emzimbeni womntu wonke. Kodwa amadoda avelisa uninzi. Abafazi bavelisa malunga nesinye kwishumi elinesibini senani elisemzimbeni wendoda. I-Testosterone yeyona iphambili kwezi androgens.

IiAndrogens ziveliswa ngamasende kumadoda kunye nama-ovari kubasetyhini. Ezi hormone ziveliswa nangamadlala e-adrenal akwizintso zethu. Zikwanceda ukuguqula ii-androgens ezibuthathaka zibe zezomeleleyo kwiindawo ezifana nezicubu zamafutha kunye nolusu.

Iimpawu zesi sifo, esibizwa ngokuba yi-hyperandrogenism, zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nesini sakho. Zininzi izizathu ezinokubakho, kwaye kukho unyango lwaso.

Ngaba i-Hyperandrogenism kunye ne-PCOS ziyafana?

Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-hyperandrogenism kunye ne -polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) zizifo ezifanayo. Nangona kukho ulwalamano olusondeleyo phakathi kwezi zimbini, azifani.

I-Hyperandrogenism luphawu oluphambili lwe-PCOS. I-PCOS kukungalingani kwamahomoni okubangelwa kukuvelisa ii-ovari ezininzi kakhulu. Ichaphazela abafazi.

Ngoko ke, nangona i-PCOS ingunobangela oqhelekileyo we-hyperandrogenism, zinokubakho ezinye izizathu ze-hyperandrogenism. Ngokufanayo, i-PCOS inezinye iimpawu, ezifana ne-ovarian cysts, ukongeza kwiimpawu ze-hyperandrogenism.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yile meko? Ixhaphake kangakanani?

I-Hyperandrogenism inokuchaphazela nabani na - abantwana abancinci, abantu abadala, wonke umntu. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubafazi abakwiminyaka yokuzala .

Phakathi kwe-5% kunye ne-10% yabasetyhini abakwiminyaka yokuzalaLe meko iyachaphazela. Oko kuthetha ukuba oku akunqabile njengoko unokucinga.

Le meko ayinakwenzeka kangako ukuba ichaphazele abafana kunye namadoda amadala.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-hyperandrogenism ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwisini sakho kunye nokuba sele udlule ebusheni.

Kodwa nantsi into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule. Nokuba unale mpawu, amanqanaba e-androgen egazini lakho anokuba aqhelekileyo. Oku kungenxa yokuba nganye yezi mpawu inokuba nezinye izizathu. Kwakhona, nokuba uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-androgen akho aphezulu, usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezinkulu.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ezi mpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso nangokukhawuleza, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza, kuba kwiimeko ezinjalo, unobangela usenokuba sisimila esikhupha i-androgen.

Ngoku makhe sibone ukuba oku kubachaphazela njani abantu abahlukeneyo.

Kumantombazana (ngaphambi kokufikisa)

• I-clitoris ekhulisiweyo .
• I-acne kunye nolusu olunamafutha.
• Ukukhula okungafunekiyo kweenwele zomzimba (i-hirsutism) . Oku kuthetha ukuba "iinwele ezimdaka ngombala okhanyayo" zithatyathelw' indawo ziinwele ezirhabaxa nezirhabaxa kwiindawo ezifana nomlomo ongentla, isilevu, isifuba, isisu, nomqolo.

Kwabantwana abangamakhwenkwe (ngaphambi kokufikisa)

• Ipenisi ekhulisiweyo .
• Ukukhula kweenwele kwangethuba okanye ngokugqithisileyo kwindawo yabucala nasemakhwapheni.
• Ukujula kwelizwi.

Kwabasetyhini abadala

• I-acne kunye nolusu olunamafutha.
• Ukukhula okungafunekiyo kweenwele zomzimba ( i-hirsutism) .
• Umjikelo wenyanga ongaqhelekanga wokuya exesheni.
• Ubunzima bokufumana abantwana (ukungafumani bantwana) .
• Ukulahleka kweenwele ngendlela yamadoda ( androgenic alopecia) .

Kwamadoda amadala

Indlela oku okuchaphazela ngayo amadoda amadala ixhomekeke ekubeni iihomoni ezongezelelweyo zivela kwi-adrenal glands okanye kwinto ethathwe ngaphandle (njengee -anabolic steroid injections). Ukuba ii-androgens ezivela kwi-adrenal glands ziyanda, amadoda amadala asenokungaluboni naluphi na utshintsho olukhulu emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, kunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwamasende kwaye kwenze kube nzima ukuba nabantwana.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Iihormone ze-Androgen ziveliswa zii-ovari, ii-adrenal glands, kunye neeseli zamafutha kubasetyhini, kunye namasende kunye nee-adrenal glands kumadoda.

Kukho ezinye iihomoni ezininzi ezichaphazela ukuveliswa nokukhululwa kwezi androgens. Umzekelo , ihomoni ye-luteinizing (LH) kunye nehomoni ye-adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) . Zombini ezi homoni zikhutshwa yi-pituitary gland.

Ukuba elinye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi zitho, okanye elinye lala ma-hormone, alisebenzi kakuhle, i-hyperandrogenism inokwenzeka.

Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili zoku:

• I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) - Le yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo.
• I-Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) .
• Isifo sikaCushing .
• Iithumba ezikhupha i-androgen.
• Amanye amayeza.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ngasinye sezi zizathu ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

I-Polycystic ovary syndrome (i-PCOS)

Phakathi kwabasetyhini abaselula nabakhulileyo, i-PCOS yeyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-hyperandrogenism engapheliyo emva kokufikisa. Phakathi kwama-80% nama-90% abasetyhini abane-hyperandrogenism nabo bane-PCOS .

Kwi-PCOS, ama-ovari avelisa ii-androgens ezininzi ngenxa yamanqanaba aphezulu e-LH kunye ne-insulin (hyperinsulinemia). Ukongeza, amanqanaba aphezulu e-insulin athintela isibindi ekuveliseni iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yiSex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) . Oku kwandisa amanqanaba e-testosterone yasimahla egazini.

I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia `(CAH)`

I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) liqela leemeko zemfuza ezichaphazela amadlala e-adrenal.

Kwi-CAH, utshintsho lwemfuza lubangela ukunqongophala kwe-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi -21-hydroxylase , enceda umzimba ukuba wenze iihomoni. Kubantu abaninzi abane-CAH, oku kunqongophala kwee-enzyme kubangela ukuba ii-adrenal glands zivelise ezinye iihomoni, ezifana ne-testosterone.

Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-hyperandrogenism kubasetyhini abane-adrenal hyperplasia yi -non-classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia . Le yimeko apho i-enzyme 21-hydroxylase ingenazo ngokwaneleyo. Le meko ichaphazela malunga ne-2% yabasetyhini abane-hyperandrogenism.

Isifo sikaCushing

Isifo sikaCushing luhlobo lwesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiCushing syndrome . I-Cushing syndrome yimeko engaqhelekanga eyenzeka xa umzimba une -cortisol eninzi kakhulu (kwakhona yi-hormone).

Isifo sikaCushing sibangelwa sisimila esingengomhlaza kwi-pituitary gland. Esi simila sikhupha i-ACTH engaphezulu (i-adrenocorticotropic hormone), enyusa amanqanaba e-cortisol.

I-ACTH egqithisileyo ibangela ukuba amadlala e-adrenal akhuphe ii-androgens ezigqithisileyo, nto leyo ebangela i-hyperandrogenism.

I-Cushing syndrome inezinye iimpawu:

• Amabala okolula amfusa esiswini.
• Ukwanda ngokukhawuleza kobunzima ebusweni, esiswini, nasentanyeni.
• Igazi elonyukayo.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Iithumba ezikhupha i-androgen

Ezinye iithumba ze-adrenal gland, okanye iithumba ezikwii-ovari okanye amasende, zinokuvelisa kwaye zikhuphe ii-androgens. Oku kubangela ukuba amanqanaba e-androgen emzimbeni abe phezulu kunesiqhelo. Imeko ye-hyperandrogenism ebangelwa zezi thumba idla ngokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye ivela ngequbuliso .

I-Hyperandrogenism, ebangelwa zii-ovarian okanye ii-adrenal tumors, ayiqhelekanga. Ichaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-0.2% kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ngequbuliso ubonakalisa iimpawu ze-hyperandrogenism, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Amanye amayeza

Amanye amayeza anokubangela i-hyperandrogenism. Amayeza aphambili abangela oku ngala:

• Ii-Anabolic-androgenic steroids (ezi ziintlobo ze-testosterone ezenziweyo, ezisetyenziswa gwenxa ngabanye abadlali ukuphucula ukusebenza).
• Iiprogestins zokwenziwa (ezi ngamayeza abangela utshintsho kwisibeleko kwaye asetyenziselwa izinto ezahlukeneyo).
• Amayeza okulwa nesifo sokuwa ( amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula ).

Uyifumana njani le nto? (Ukuxilongwa)

Ukuba ungumfazi kwaye ukrokrela ukuba une-hyperandrogenism, ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba aze ajonge iimpawu ezifana nokukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo. Baza kukubuza nemibuzo embalwa malunga nembali yakho yezonyango:

• Ubudala apho amabele aqala ukukhula khona.
• Ubudala apho iinwele ziqala ukubonakala kwindawo yabucala.
• Ubudala xa uqala ukuya exesheni.
• Ngaba uyazisusa iinwele (uzicheba, ngaba ukhe wasuswa iinwele nge-laser)?
• Ngaba wakha wasebenzisa ii-anabolic steroids okanye ii-testosterone ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha?
• Izinto ezifana nokuba ixesha lakho liqala kangaphi, ukuba lihlala iintsuku ezingaphi, kunye nokuba wopha igazi elingakanani.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukrokrela ukuba une-hyperandrogenism, uza kuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba athile eehomoni. Olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni imeko.

Luhlobo luni lovavanyo oluqhutywayo?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-hyperandrogenism, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi olufana nolu:

• I-testosterone iyonke: Oku kulinganisa isixa siphela se-testosterone egazini lakho. Eli nqanaba linokuba phezulu kancinci kubasetyhini abane-PCOS. Ukuba liphezulu kakhulu, lisenokuba lithumba kuma-ovari okanye kumasende.
• I-testosterone yasimahla : Le testosterone ayibophelelekanga kwiproteni. Eli lixabiso elincinci le-testosterone iyonke. Eli nqanaba linokwandiswa nakubasetyhini abane-PCOS.
• I-Androstenedione : Le yi-hormone ye-steroid enefuthe elincinci le-androgenic emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, isebenza njengenyathelo eliphakathi kwimveliso ye-testosterone kunye ne-estrogen emzimbeni. Ukuba amanqanaba ayo aphezulu, i-PCOS inokubakho.
• I-Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) : I-DHEAS yi-hormone yesini eveliswa zii-adrenal glands. Ke ngoko, luphawu oluhle lokuveliswa kwe-androgen ye-adrenal. Kuqhelekile ukuba abafazi abane-PCOS babe namanqanaba e-DHEAS aphakamileyo kancinci. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, inokuba luphawu lwethumba le-adrenal.
• I-17-hydroxyprogesterone : Ukulinganisa inqanaba le-17-hydroxyprogesterone egazini luvavanyo olusisiseko lokujonga ukuba kukho i-non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, imeko enye yezizathu ze-hyperandrogenism.

Ekubeni kunokubakho ezinye izizathu zeempawu ze-hyperandrogenism, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo zegazi ukuze aqinisekise ukuba ezo zizathu azikho.

Ukongeza, iimvavanyo zomfanekiso ezinje ngezi zinokwenziwa ukuze kuchongwe unobangela we-hyperandrogenism:

• I-ultrasound ye-pelvic ukujonga ii-cysts ze-ovarian (olunye uphawu lwe-PCOS) okanye ezinye iziqwenga.
• Ukujonga ii-tumor ze-adrenal gland , kwenziwa uvavanyo lwe-CT scan (i-Computed tomography - CT) okanye i-MRI scan (i-Magnetic resonance imaging - MRI) .

Oogqirha bajonge ukunciphisa imveliso ye-androgen evela kuma-ovari okanye kuma-adrenal glands, ukunciphisa amanqanaba e-androgen asimahla, kunye nokuthintela ukusebenza kwe-androgen.

Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-hyperandrogenism badla ngokufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuze banyange iimpawu eziphambili, ezinje ngokukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo, amaqhakuva, kunye nokuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga.

Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?

Unyango lwe-hyperandrogenism luxhomekeke kwisizathu. Umzekelo:

• I-adrenal hyperandrogenism inokulawulwa nge- corticosteroids yedosi ephantsi.
• Ukuba kukho iithumba kwi-ovaries, amasende, okanye ii-adrenal glands, kunokufuneka zisuswe ngotyando. Kubafazi abakwi-perimenopausal okanye abakwi-menopausal abane-hyperandrogenism enzima, i-oophorectomy (ukususwa kwe-ovaries enye okanye zombini ngotyando) nayo inokufuneka.
• Ukuba i-hyperandrogenism ibangelwa yimithi oyithathayo, ugqirha wakho uya kukucebisa ukuba uyeke amayeza okanye utshintshele kwenye imithi.

Amayeza e-antiandrogen nawo ayindlela eqhelekileyo yonyango lwe-hyperandrogenism. Athintela iziphumo ze-androgens, ezifana ne-testosterone.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamayeza okulwa ne-androgen:

• Iipilisi zokuthintela ukukhulelwa/zokulawula ukuzalwa eziqulethe i-ethinyl estradiol (estrogen) kunye ne-antiandrogenic progesterone: Imizekelo ibandakanya iipilisi eziqulethe i-cyproterone acetate (umz. Diane®-35), i-drospirenone (umz. Yasmin®, Yaz®) okanye i-dienogest (umz. Valette®). Ezi zinokunyanga i-acne, ukukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo kunye nokuya exesheni okungaqhelekanga.
• I-Spironolactone (Aldactone®) : Le antiandrogen iphatha i-acne kunye nokukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo okubangelwa zii-hormone.
• I-Cyproterone : Eli yeza linceda ekunyangeni i-PCOS, linciphise amanqanaba e-testosterone, kwaye linciphise imveliso yeoyile ebangela i-acne.

Unyango lweempawu

Abantu abane-hyperandrogenism banokufuna unyango ngokukodwa kwiimpawu zabo:

• I-Acne : Unyango lwe-acne luquka amayeza asetyenziswa ekhaya, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane asetyenziswa emlonyeni afana ne -tetracycline , amayeza alwa ne-androgens (kuquka unyango lweehomoni, iipilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa), kunye neepilisi ze -isotretinoin .
• I-Hirsutism (ukukhula kweenwele okungafunekiyo) : Abafazi abaninzi abane-hirsutism basebenzisa iindlela ezinje ngokuwaxwa, ukucheba, kunye nokususa iinwele nge-laser. Basenokuthatha neepilisi zokulawula ukuzala.
• Ukuya exesheni ngendlela engaqhelekanga : Abafazi banokusebenzisa iindlela zokulawula ukuzala ngokwehomoni ukulawula imijikelo yabo yokuya exesheni.

Xa ezi mpawu zingaphenduli kunyango oluqhelekileyo ngenxa yokungalingani kwamahomoni, ugqirha wakho unokuqwalasela amayeza anamandla ngakumbi okulwa ne-androgen.

Ngaba oku akunakuthintelwa?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela icacileyo yokuthintela i-hyperandrogenism.

Akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela i-PCOS, eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-hyperandrogenism. Kodwa ungathatha amanyathelo amancinci ukunciphisa iimpawu zakho. Umzekelo, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo,Ukuzilolonga rhoqo nokulawula ubunzima bakho kunokunceda ukunciphisa imiphumo ye-PCOS kunye ne-hyperandrogenism.

Liza kuba njani ikamva? (Ingxelo yokuqikelela)

Iimeko ezininzi ezibangela i-hyperandrogenism zifuna unyango lobomi bonke. Ngamanye amaxesha, abafazi abane-hyperandrogenism ngenxa ye-PCOS baya kulahlekelwa bubunzima obukhulu kwaye i-PCOS yabo iya kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu luya kufuna unyango lobomi bonke ukunciphisa iimpawu ze-hyperandrogenism.

Iimpawu ze-hyperandrogenism zinokuchaphazela ukuzithemba kwakho kunye nempilo yakho yengqondo. Ukuba ezi mpawu zikwenza uzive uxinezelekile, uxhalabile, kunye/okanye udandathekile, kubalulekile ukufuna uncedo kugqirha wengqondo okanye kumcebisi.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-hyperandrogenism kwaye usela amayeza ayo, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba unyango lwakho lusebenza kakuhle.

Ukuba i-hyperandrogenism ichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wengqondo okanye umcebisi ukuze akuncede.

Okokugqibela, umyalezo oya ekhaya:

I-Hyperandrogenism yimeko eqhelekileyo phakathi kwabasetyhini. Iimpawu zayo zinokukwenza uzive uneentloni kwaye ungakhululekanga. Kodwa khumbula, awuwedwa, kwaye le meko inokunyangeka. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga neendlela zonyango. Kwakhona, ukuba ichaphazela impilo yakho yengqondo, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wengqondo okanye umcebisi. Ukunyamekela impilo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

I- Hyperandrogenism, i-Androgen, i-Testosterone, i-PCOS, i-Hirsutism, i-Acne, ukungalingani kweHormonal, Impilo yabasetyhini, ukungalingani kweHormonal