Ukuba wena okanye umntu omthandayo unomhlaza webele, mhlawumbi ukhe weva igama elithi 'immunotherapy' lisetyenziswa xa kufikwa kunyango. Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukhe walikhankanya. Ngoko ke, loluphi unyango olutsha kubantu abaninzi? Ngaba lunokulwa ngokwenene nomhlaza? Makhe sithethe ngalo ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngoko ke, yintoni i-Immunotherapy?
Ngamafutshane, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunyango olusebenzisa inkqubo yomzimba wakho yokulwa nezifo (inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela) ukunceda ekufumaneni nasekutshabalaliseni iiseli zomhlaza. Kufana nokuqeqesha "umkhosi" womzimba wakho ukuba uqaphele kwaye uhlasele "iintshaba" ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli zomhlaza.
Okwangoku, olu nyango lusetyenziswa kakhulu ukunyanga uhlobo lomhlaza webele olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Triple-negative breast cancer", olunzima ukunyanga, lunomngcipheko omkhulu wokuphinda lubuye, kwaye lusasazeke nakwamanye amalungu omzimba (i-metastatic). Uphando luyaqhubeka nokubona ukuba olu nyango lusebenza kangakanani kwi-"HER2-positive" kunye ne-"ER-positive".
Lusebenza njani olu nyango?
Cinga ngenkqubo yomzimba wethu yokuzikhusela njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Lo mkhosi uhlala ukhangela kwaye utshabalalisa iintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli zomhlaza ziintshaba ezinobuqhetseba. Ngamanye amaxesha ezi seli zomhlaza zizenza ngathi zifihlakele ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze zingabanjwa ngumkhosi wethu. Njengentlola yotshaba.
Nantsi into eyenziwa yi-immunotherapy:
1. Ukunceda ukuqaphela utshaba: Amanye amayeza onyango lwe-immunotherapy atyhila iiseli zomhlaza, ebonisa ngokucacileyo inkqubo yethu yomzimba ukuba "nalu utshaba."
2. Ukuqinisa umkhosi: Ezinye iintlobo zamayeza zisebenza ngokuqinisa iiseli (amajoni) zenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, ziwanika amandla angakumbi okulwa neeseli zomhlaza.
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oku:
- I-Active Immunotherapy: Oku kuquka ukufunda iimpawu ezithile (ii-antigens) kwiiseli zomhlaza webele kunye nokuqeqesha inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba ihlasele ezo zimpawu kuphela.
- I-Passive Immunotherapy: Kule meko, amayeza akhethekileyo enziwe kwilebhu anikwa umzimba ukuze kuphuculwe amandla omzimba okulwa nomhlaza.
Zeziphi iziyobisi ze-immunotherapy ezisetyenziselwa umhlaza webele?
Okwangoku kukho amayeza amabini aphambili e-immunotherapy avunyiweyo kumhlaza webele.
1. I-Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®):Eli yeza lisetyenziselwa `(umhlaza webele one-Triple-negative)`. Eli yeza lithintela iproteni esetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukufihla kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Oku kwenza kube lula ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikwazi ukubona iiseli zomhlaza. Ngamanye amaxesha eli yeza linikwa ngaphambi nasemva kotyando ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi. Eli yeza likwasetyenziselwa umhlaza osasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba, ukuba kukho ``ii-Biomarkers`` ezithile kwi-DNA yethumba lomhlaza.
2. I-Dostarlimab (Jemperli®): Eli yeza lisetyenziselwa umhlaza webele obuyile emva kwezinye iindlela zonyango kwaye linophawu oluthile lwethumba.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ayizizo zonke ezi ziyobisi ezifanelekileyo kubo bonke abaguli. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokugqiba ukuba olu nyango lufanelekile na kuwe, ngokusekwe kuhlobo, inqanaba, kunye nokuba khona kwee-biomarkers ezithile kumhlaza wakho.
Inikezelwa njani i-immunotherapy?
Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa njengesicombululo setyuwa ngomthambo (ngokusebenzisa imithambo yegazi - nge-IV). Isicwangciso sonyango sinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Kodwa uninzi lwabantu lufumana olu nyango rhoqo emva kweeveki ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-6 . Ngamanye amaxesha olu nyango lunokufuneka luqhubeke kangangeenyanga eziliqela ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.
Masifunde nangeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Njengalo naluphi na unyango lomhlaza, unyango lwe-immunotherapy lunokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Kodwa azichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Abanye abantu banokufumana ukungakhululeki okuncinci, ngelixa abanye besenokungaziva nto konke konke. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki ngokukhawuleza.
Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo nezimbi.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo esibi | Izinto onokuzilindela |
|---|---|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga eziqhelekileyo |
|
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezingaqhelekanga |
|
Musa ukoyika ngezi ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Ugqirha wakho kunye neqela lezonyango bahlala bejonge ukuba ziyakwenzeka. Baza kukunika amayeza afunekayo kunye neengcebiso zokuzilawula.
Luphumelele kangakanani olu nyango?
I-immunotherapy yenye yezona ndlela zintsha nezithembisayo zonyango lomhlaza. Ngokukodwa, incede ekwandiseni izinga lokunyangwa nokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kwezigulane ezinomhlaza ezazinzima ukunyanga ngaphambili, njengomhlaza webele one-triple-negative.
Olunye uphando olukhulu lubonise ukuba izigulane ezifumene iyeza le-immunotherapy iPembrolizumab kunye ne -chemotherapy ziphila ixesha elide kunezo zifumene i-chemotherapy yodwa.
Sele kuqhutywa amakhulu ezifundo kwihlabathi liphela ukuphanda ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-immunotherapy kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza webele. Ngenxa yoko, eli candelo liyaqhubeka imihla ngemihla.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-immunotherapy ayiloyeza elibulala iiseli zomhlaza njenge-chemotherapy. Ivuselela amasosha omzimba wakho ukuze ancede ekulweni nomhlaza.
- Olu lunyango olubaluleke kakhulu, ingakumbi kwi-`(umhlaza webele one-Triple-negative)`.
- Njengazo zonke iindlela zonyango, kukho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, kodwa zinokulawulwa , ngoko ungoyiki ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki.
- Unyango lwe-immunotherapy lithemba elikhulu kunyango lomhlaza.Uphando lusenziwa ngale nto, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba abantu abaninzi baya kuzuza kuyo kwixesha elizayo.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na kukuthetha nogqirha wakho we-oncologist. Baya kukwazi ukuphendula yonke imibuzo yakho.
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