Sonke siyazi ukuba ukutya kubalulekile ukuze siphile. Kodwa ngaba wakha wacinga nje ukuba, kwiminyaka engama-20 okanye engama-30 ezayo, kuya kubakho ukutya okwaneleyo kuwo wonke umntu kweli hlabathi? Le yinto sonke ekufuneka siyicinge. Kuba inani labantu emhlabeni liyanda imihla ngemihla. Ngoko ke ngaba umhlaba wethu uya kukwazi ukondla wonke umntu? Sithetha ngale ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu namhlanje.
Kutheni iindlela zokulima zangoku zinganelanga?
Ngamafutshane, ingxaki iphakathi kwemfuno kunye nokubonelela. Ngokutsho kweengcali, ngo-2050, kuya kufuneka sivelise ukutya okungaphezulu ngama-56% kunokuba besinjalo ngo-2010, okanye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha. Khawucinge ukuba kukhulu kangakanani oko.
Akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa le njongo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zangoku zokulima. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuza neendleko ezinkulu zokusingqongileyo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba siqhubeka nokulima ngale ndlela, siya kubangela umonakalo onganyamezelekiyo kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwimithombo yamanzi, nasemhlabeni.
Impembelelo yemveliso yokutya yehlabathi kwindalo esingqongileyo sele ibalulekile. Ama-70% okusetyenziswa kwamanzi acocekileyo ehlabathini aya kwezolimo. Ngokufanayo, ama-26% okukhutshwa kwegesi ezibangela ubushushu emhlabeni kubangelwa yinkqubo yokuvelisa ukutya.
Ukuba siqhubeka ngolu hlobo, kwiminyaka embalwa ezayo siza kusala sinommandla ongcolileyo, singenamhlaba utyebileyo wokulima, singenamanzi acocekileyo okusela. Ngoko ke, isisombululo sale ngxaki kukutshintsha indlela esilima ngayo. Kufuneka sivelise izinto ezintsha ngetekhnoloji, endaweni yokuba sibambelele kwiindlela zakudala.
Ngoko ke yintoni isisombululo? Ulimo lwexesha elizayo lufikile!
Kodwa akukho mfuneko yokoyika. Izazinzulu kunye neengcali zezolimo kwihlabathi liphela zifumana iindlela ezintsha nezizinzileyo zokuhlangabezana nalo mceli mngeni. Ezinye zezi zinokuvakala ngathi zizinto zesayensi, kodwa zizinto zekamva leplanethi yethu.
1. Ukulima ngokuthe nkqo
Khawuthelekelele... endaweni yeehektare ezingamawaka zamasimi erayisi okanye amasimi emifuno, izityalo zikhuliswa ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esikhulu embindini wesixeko, ishelufu emva kweshelufu, njengeeshelufu kwivenkile enkulu.
Ngale ndlela, okusingqongileyo kulawulwa ngokupheleleyo.
- Endaweni yokukhanya kwelanga: Iibhalbhu ezikhethekileyo ze-`LED` zibonelela ngokukhanya okufunekayo kwizityalo.
- Isichumiso namanzi: Isityalo ngasinye sinikwa umlinganiselo ofunekayo wehla ngehla. Oku kunciphisa inkunkuma yamanzi malunga ne-95%.
- Izibulali-zinambuzane: Ngenxa yendawo elawulwayo, umonakalo wezinambuzane uphantsi kakhulu. Ke ngoko, ukusetyenziswa kwezibulali-zinambuzane akudla ngokuba yimfuneko.
Enye inzuzo yale ndlela kukuba ingatyalwa unyaka wonke, ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngemozulu. Kwakhona, ekubeni ezi zinokutyalwa kufutshane nezixeko, iindleko zothutho kunye nongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo ziyancitshiswa.
2. Ezolimo Ezichanekileyo
Eli likamva lokulima. Ngamafutshane, kuthetha ukuphatha inxalenye nganye yentsimi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha isityalo ngasinye, ngokwahlukeneyo, endaweni yokuphatha yonke intsimi ngendlela efanayo.
Itekhnoloji yanamhlanje iyanceda kule nto.
- Iidroni: Iidroni zithunyelwa emasimini ukuze zithathe imifanekiso ecacileyo yempilo yentsimi, ukufuma komhlaba, kunye namanqanaba ezondlo.
- IiSensors: IiSensors ezifakwe kulo lonke intsimi nakwimishini efana neetrektara ziqokelela idatha yexesha langempela malunga neemeko zomhlaba kunye nokukhula kwesityalo.
- Ubukrelekrele bokwenziwa (AI): Ngokuhlalutya olu lwazi luqokelelweyo, i-AI ikuxelela ngqo ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwamanzi olufunekayo kwintsimi, zeziphi iindawo ezifuna isichumiso esingaphezulu, kunye nalapho isifo sinokuvela khona.
Emva koko, besebenzisa oomatshini abazenzekelayo, bafaka oko kufunekayo, apho kufuneka khona, nangomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo . Khawuthelekelele, i-herbicide encinci itshizwa kuphela apho kukho ukhula. Hayi kwintsimi yonke. Ngenxa yoku, ukusetyenziswa kwesichumisi, amanzi, kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Isivuno siyanda. Kwaye umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo nawo uncitshisiwe.
| Uphawu | Ukulima kwendabuko | Ezolimo ezichanekileyo |
|---|---|---|
| Ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye nesichumiso | Isetyenziswa ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo yezityalo. Idla ngokuba nenkunkuma eninzi. | Ngokusekelwe kwidatha, kusetyenziswa kuphela isixa esifunekayo apho kufuneka khona. Inkunkuma incinci kakhulu. |
| Ukuvuna | Isivuno sinokwahluka ngokweendawo ezahlukeneyo kumhlaba olinyiweyo. | Yonke inxalenye iphathwa kakuhle, nto leyo ephumela kwisivuno esiphezulu nesilinganayo. |
| Impembelelo yokusingqongileyo | Ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwezichumisi kunye nezibulali-zinambuzane kunongcolisa imithombo yamanzi kunye nomhlaba. | Ukusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali ezingafunekiyo kuncinci kakhulu, ngoko ke umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo uncinci kakhulu. |
| ukwenza isigqibo | Ngokusekelwe kumava omlimi kunye nokubona ngokubanzi. | Isekelwe kwidatha yexesha langempela kunye nohlalutyo lobugcisa. |
3. Yeka ukulahlwa kokutya!
Nokuba sivelisa ukutya okungakanani na, akunamsebenzi nokuba isixa esikhulu sako siphelela enkunkuma. Isixa esikhulu sokutya siyachithwa xa sisuka efama ukuya esityeni sethu. Njengesisombululo soku, "ukupakisha okukrelekrele" kuza kuza kwixesha elizayo.
Ezi phakheji zinokusixelela xa ukutya okungaphakathi kuza konakala ngokutshintsha kombala. Ezinye izinto zokupakisha zinokugcina ukutya kutsha ixesha elide. Izinto ezintsha ezifana nezi zinokunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya, okufana nokwandisa imveliso yokutya.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Njengoko inani labantu lisanda ehlabathini, siza kufuna ukutya okungakumbi kwixesha elizayo kunokuba sikufuna ngoku.
- Iindlela zemveli zolimo ezikhoyo azihlali ixesha elide kuba zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.
- Iindlela ezintsha ezisekelwe kubuchwepheshe ezifana nokulima ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokulima ngokuchanekileyo zinokuvelisa isivuno esiphezulu kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezimbalwa.
- Ezi ndlela zintsha ziya kunciphisa umonakalo kwindalo esingqongileyo kwaye zisinike sonke ukutya okunempilo.
- Ukunciphisa inkunkuma yokutya kunye nokwandisa imveliso kubaluleke ngokufanayo kukhuseleko lokutya kwixesha elizayo.
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