Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi kunzima ukugqiba umsebenzi xa uwuqalile? Okanye uziva ngathi ingqondo yakho iyazulazula xa umntu ethetha? Ngaba uhlala ulibale izinto ezincinci, njengokuba ubeka phi izitshixo zakho okanye ifowuni yakho? Ezi ayizozinto nje ezingacwangciswanga. Oku akukobuvila bakho okanye ukungabi naxanduva. Namhlanje sithetha nge- ADHD engakhathaliyo , imeko eqhelekileyo ebangela iingxaki ezinje, kodwa ayithethwa kangako kuluntu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-ADHD engakhathaleliyo?
I-ADHD yokungakhathali luhlobo lwe-ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) esiye sayiva sonke. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, iimpawu zokungakhathali kunye nokusebenza kakhulu esiqhele ukuzidibanisa ne-ADHD zihlala zingabikho, okanye zimbalwa kakhulu.
Umceli mngeni ophambili kumntu onesi sifo kukuhlala egxile kwaye ecwangcisiwe . Khawuthelekelele, wenza into ebalulekileyo. Kodwa ngequbuliso ingqondo yakho itsaleleka kwezinye izinto. Umsebenzi owawuqalile ekugqibeleni uyayeka. Ukuba oku akwenzeki kube kanye ngemini, kodwa rhoqo, kunokuba nefuthe elikhulu kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla, kwizifundo, emsebenzini, nakubudlelwane.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, oku akulona ityala lakho. Le yimeko ebangelwa kukutshintsha kwendlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo. Ke ngoko, kukho unyango olufanelekileyo kunye neendlela zokulawula oku.
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zale meko?
Wonke umntu uyalibala izinto aze alahlekelwe yingqwalasela ngamanye amaxesha. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Kodwa kumntu one-ADHD engakhathaliyo, ezi zinto ziyamchaphazela rhoqo nangakumbi. Makhe sijonge iimpawu eziphambili.
| Uphawu | Yile ndlela ebonakala ngayo kubomi bemihla ngemihla. |
|---|---|
| Ukungakhathaleli iinkcukacha ezincinci | Xa usenza umsebenzi wesikolo okanye ubhala ingxelo eofisini, iimpazamo ezincinci zihlala zisenzeka. Kubonakala ngathi usebenza ngokungakhathali. |
| Ubunzima bokugcina ingqalelo ixesha elide | Xa ufunda incwadi, umamele intetho, okanye kwintlanganiso, kunzima ukugcina ingqondo yakho ikwindawo enye. Ingqondo yakho ilahleka kwelinye ilizwe. |
| Ubunzima bokumamela oko kuthethwa ngumntu | Nokuba umntu uthetha nawe ngqo, kubonakala ngathi ingqondo yakho ikwenye indawo. Oko akutshoyo akungeni engqondweni yakho. |
| Ukungakwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi xa sele uqalile | Nokuba uqala into ngomdla, uyakhawuleza ukruquke kwaye ulahlekelwe yingqwalasela. Izinto ezifana nomsebenzi wesikolo kunye nemisebenzi ziyayekiswa phakathi. |
| Ubuthathaka ekulawuleni ixesha kunye nokulungelelanisa | Kunzima ukugqiba umsebenzi ngexesha kwaye uhlangabezane nexesha elibekiweyo. Izinto ezifana negumbi kunye nedesika zinokuhlala zingcolile. |
| Ukulibala/ukulahlekelwa zizinto zemihla ngemihla | Ndisoloko ndilibala apho ndibeka khona ipensile yam, isipaji, izitshixo kunye nefowuni. Kundithatha ixesha elide ukuzifumana. |
| Ukulibala imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla | Ungalibala nezinto ezilula ezifana nokubuyisela umnxeba, ukuhlawula ityala, okanye ukuya kwidinga. |
Kutheni le meko isenzeka?
Akukho sizathu sicacileyo sale nto, kodwa uphando lufumanise ukuba zininzi izinto ezinokubangela oku.
- I-genetics: Oku kungenziwa kwiintsapho. Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho une-ADHD, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo.
- Ulwakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wobuchopho: Oku kusenokubangelwa lutshintsho oluthile kwisakhiwo kunye nomsebenzi wezinye iindawo zobuchopho bethu ezilawula ingqalelo kunye nokuziphatha.
- Izinto ezichaphazela ukukhulelwa:Izinto ezinje ngokusebenzisa utywala okanye iziyobisi kukamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ukuchanabeka kwiikhemikhali ezithile ezinobuthi kwindawo engqongileyo, kunye nokuzalwa ngaphambi kwexesha okanye ukuzalwa komntwana obunzima obuphantsi nazo zinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba umntwana abe ne-ADHD.
Impembelelo enokuba nayo i-ADHD yokungakhathali ebomini
Le meko inokubangela ukuba ujongane nemingeni emininzi ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ngenxa yokuba abanye bengakuqondi oku, ungabizwa ngokuba "uvila," "ungenaxanduva," okanye "ungacwangciswanga."
Khawucinge nje, xa wawusesikolweni, mhlawumbi wawusiva ootitshala bekhalaza ngokuthi “awuwenzi kakuhle umsebenzi wakho” kwaye “awumameli into oyixelelwayo.” Emsebenzini, ukuba awukwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi wakho ngexesha, abaphathi bakho banokukubuza imibuzo. Oku kunokuchaphazela nolwalamano lwakho nabahlobo kunye nosapho. Ngenxa yokuba ulibale izinto, banokucinga ukuba awukhathali ngabo.
Konke oku kunokubangela ukuzithemba okuphantsi, ixhala, kunye nokudakumba. Ngoko ke ayisiyongcinga ilungileyo ukuyityeshela nje.
Ifunyaniswa njani le meko?
Akukho vavanyo lunye lokuxilonga i-ADHD engakhathaliyo. Ayinakuxilonga ngovavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni. Ixilonga ngokufunda ngononophelo iimpawu zakho kunye neendlela zokuziphatha. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ubonane nogqirha ofana nogqirha wengqondo, ingcali yemithambo-luvo, okanye ingcali yezengqondo.
Ugqirha ulandela la manyathelo:
1. Ukuqinisekisa iimpawu: Ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza, abazali bakho, ootitshala, okanye abantu obathandayo malunga nokuziphatha kwakho ukususela ebuntwaneni. Baza kuqokelela ulwazi malunga nendlela oziphatha ngayo esikolweni, ekhaya, nasekuhlaleni. Basenokukucela ukuba uzalise isikali sokulinganisa iimpawu.
2. Ukungabandakanywa kwezinye iimeko zonyango: Ugqirha uza kukhangela ezinye izizathu zezi mpawu, ezinje ngeengxaki zokulala, ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kakubi, okanye uxinzelelo oluphezulu. Oku kuya kubandakanya ukuthatha imbali epheleleyo yezonyango, ukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, kunye nokuthumela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko.
3. Jonga ezinye iingxaki zempilo yengqondo: Ekubeni i-ADHD inokukhatshwa zezinye iimeko zengqondo ezifana nokudakumba kunye nokuxhalaba, ugqirha naye uya kuzikhangela ezo.
Ngokwesiqhelo, ezi mpawu kufuneka ukuba ziqale ngaphambi kokuba zibe neminyaka eli-12 ubudala , kufuneka ukuba zihlale ubuncinane iinyanga ezi-6 , kwaye kufuneka zichaphazele iindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye zobomi bakho (umz., isikolo nasekhaya).
Ngaba oku kungaqatshelwa xa umntu ekhulile?
Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo inokwenzeka.Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko isenokungabonwa ebuntwaneni. Ngenxa yokuba akukho ngxaki, akukho mntu ucinga ukuba yingxaki. Kodwa njengabantu abadala, ezi ngxaki zinokuvela ngemingeni emsebenzini, eyunivesithi nakubomi bentsapho. Mhlawumbi emva kokuba umntwana wakho efunyaniswe ene-ADHD, kukho abantu abadala abakhumbulayo ukuba babenazo ezi mpawu besengabantwana baze bazijonge.
Indlela yokunyanga nokulawula?
I-ADHD engakhathaliyo ayinakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kwaye luphumelele ebomini. Ngokwesiqhelo, ugqirha unokucebisa olunye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi ndlela zonyango kunye.
1. Amayeza
2. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha
3. Uqeqesho
Iintlobo zamachiza
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili zamayeza asetyenziselwa oku. La mayeza afanele athathwe kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha.
| Udidi lweziyobisi | Indlela esebenza ngayo ngokulula | Imizekelo |
|---|---|---|
| Izinto ezivuselela ingqondo | Ilawula umsebenzi wee-neurotransmitters ezilawula ingqalelo kunye nokuphaphama engqondweni. | I-Methylphenidate, i-Amphetamine |
| Izinto ezingezizo izivuseleli | Ezi zikwachaphazela nee-neurotransmitters engqondweni, kodwa ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ezi zifanelekile kwabo banomdla kwizinto ezivuselela ingqondo. | I-Atomoxetine, iGuanfacine |
| Amayeza okudakumba | Ezinye ii-antidepressants zikwanceda ukulawula iimpawu ze-ADHD ngokulinganisela iikhemikhali zobuchopho. | I-Bupropion, iVenlafaxine |
Unyango lokuguqula indlela yokuziphatha
- Unyango Lokuziphatha Olusebenzisa Ingqondo (CBT): Le yindlela esebenzayo kakhulu. Ikunceda uqonde ulwalamano phakathi kweengcinga zakho, iimvakalelo zakho, kunye nokuziphatha kwakho. Ungazibona iingxaki zokuziphatha, uzilawule, kwaye ufunde iindlela ezisebenzayo zokuzilawula.
- Unyango lweQela okanye amaqela enkxaso: Ukuthetha nabantu abaye badlula kumava afana nawe kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Ungafunda lukhulu kwindlela abajongana ngayo neengxaki zabo.
Iingcebiso ezisebenzayo zokwenza ubomi bemihla ngemihla bube lula
Ngonyango, utshintsho oluncinci kubomi bakho bemihla ngemihla lunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
Lawula iziphazamiso:
- Ukuba kunokwenzeka, cela indawo ezolileyo yokusebenzela.
- Sebenzisa ii-headphone ezicima ingxolo ukuze unciphise ingxolo engqongileyo.
- Ngexesha lomsebenzi, thumela ifowuni yakho kwi- voicemail uze uphendule iifowuni ngexesha elithile losuku.
Sebenza ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo:
- Zinike imizuzu eli-10-15 qho kusasa ukwenza uluhlu lwezinto oza kuzenza ngosuku.
- Yenza into enye ngexesha . Yigqibezele uze uqhubekele kwelandelayo.
- Seta izikhumbuzo kunye nee-alamu kwifowuni yakho.
- Bhala izinto ezibalulekileyo kwincwadi yamanqaku .
- Ukuba udla ngokulibala izinto ezifana nokuhlawula iibhili, tshintshela kwiindlela zokuhlawula ezizenzekelayo kwi-intanethi .
Kuphephe ukulahlekelwa zizinto:
- Yenza iindawo ezithile zokugcina izinto ezifana nezitshixo zakho, ibhegi yebhegi, kunye nefowuni. Ziqhelise ukuzigcina kwindawo enye rhoqo.
Ukuba umntwana wakho une-ADHD engakhathaleliyo, ungamnceda njani?
Njengomzali, ungamxhasa kakhulu umntwana wakho.
- Landela isicwangciso sonyango esinikwe ngugqirha ngokuchanekileyo .
- Thetha nootitshala bomntwana wakho nize nixoxe ngeendlela onokumnceda ngazo umntwana wakho eklasini.
- Yenza indawo ezolileyo nengenaziphazamiso zomsebenzi wesikolo.
- Ukuba uyadinwa kukwenza into efanayo rhoqo, zinike ithuba lokuthatha ikhefu elifutshane .
- Mncome kwaye umkhuthaze umntwana wakho xa egqibe umsebenzi onzima.
- Musa ukumgxeka okanye ukumgxeka umntwana wakho xa engakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngendlela efanelekileyo okanye engalibali izinto. Endaweni yoko, mncede afumane isisombululo.
Ngamanye amaxesha ungacinga ukuba kulula ukwenza imisebenzi yasekhaya yomntwana wakho (ukucoca igumbi, ukwenza umsebenzi wasekhaya) ngokwakho. Kodwa ukwenza njalo kuya kuthintela umntwana wakho ekufundeni ukusebenza eyedwa aze afikelele kwiinjongo zakhe. Ngoko ke mvumele umntwana wakho asebenze ngesantya sakhe, kwaye umnike ulwalathiso nenkxaso kuphela.
Ukuba le meko iyichaphazela kakhulu imfundo yomntwana wakho, kusenokwenzeka ukuba umthumelele kwiimfuno zemfundo ezikhethekileyo. Buza ugqirha wakho kunye nenqununu yesikolo ngale nto.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-ADHD yokungakhathali ayikokuba bubuvila okanye ukungabi naxanduva. Yimeko yokwenyani yempilo.
- Le meko inokuchaphazela abantwana kunye nabantu abadala , kwaye idla ngokuchongwa xa sele bekhulile.
- Ubunzima bokugxila, ukulibala, kunye nokungacwangciswanga kakuhle zezona mpawu ziphambili, kwaye ukusebenza ngokugqithisileyo (ukungxama) akusoloko kubonakala.
- Le meko inokulawulwa ngempumelelo kakhulu ngamayeza, unyango lokuziphatha, kunye nokutshintsha indlela yokuphila.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho ninezi mpawu, ukuzityeshela kunokwenza imeko ibe mandundu. Kungoko ke, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso kugqirha ofanelekileyo ngoko nangoko .
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