Ingaba unakho ukukhwehlela okomileyo okungapheliyo kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla? Isenokuba yi-Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)!

Ngaba nawe ufumana kunzima ukuphefumla xa udiniwe kancinci, xa unyuka izinyuko? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha ukhwehlela okomileyo rhoqo ngaphandle kwe-phlegm ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo? Sihlala silibala ukuba ezi mpawu kukudinwa nje okuqhelekileyo okanye i-allergy encinci. Nangona kunjalo, zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zotshintsho olukhulu olwenzekayo emiphungeni yethu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yezi meko, i-Interstitial Lung Disease, okanye i-ILD ngamafutshane.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)?

Cinga ngemiphunga yethu njengeeponji ezimbini ezizaliswe zizigidi zeebhamuza zomoya ezincinci. Ezi ngxowa zomoya zincinci zibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli . Xa siphefumla, ioksijini esiyifunxayo yongezwa egazini lethu ngezi ngxowa zomoya. Kwaye i-carbon dioxide engafunekiyo egazini nayo ikhutshwa ngezi ngxowa zomoya.

Ngoku, phakathi kwezi ngxowa zomoya, njengodaka oluphakathi kwezitena eludongeni lwezitena, kukho inethiwekhi yezicubu ezithambileyo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-interstitium . Kwi-ILD, le nethiwekhi yezicubu ezithambileyo iyonakala, okanye yonakale, kwaye kancinci kancinci iyanda, iqine, kwaye kuvela amanxeba (fibrosis) .

Xa izicubu zemiphunga zikhula ngolu hlobo, ukudlula kweoksijini ukusuka kwiingxowa zomoya ukuya egazini kuyavalwa. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba wethu awufumani umlinganiselo weoksijini owufunayo. Esi sesona sizathu siphambili seempawu ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci kunye nokudinwa.

I-ILD ayisosifo sithile. Kukho izifo ezingaphezu kwama-200 ezihlelwe phantsi kweli gama. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwazo zonke kukonakala kwezicubu zangaphakathi zemiphunga.

Zithini iimpawu zomntu one-ILD?

Iimpawu ze-ILD zisenokungabi nzima kangako ekuqaleni. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwiinyanga okanye iminyaka, ezi mpawu ziyanda kancinci kancinci. Ezi ziimpawu abantu abaninzi abazifumanayo.

Ukuba unale mpawu, musa ukucinga ukuba une-ILD. Kodwa ungazityesheli. Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho , ingakumbi ukuba uphefumla kancinci kwaye ukhwehlela okomileyo okuqhubeke kangangeenyanga .

Kutheni olu hlobo lwesifo lusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Izizathu ze-ILD zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: izizathu ezaziwayo kunye nezizathu ezingaziwayo/ezingaqhelekanga .

1. Izizathu ezaziwayo

Oku kuthetha ukuba singatsho ngokuqinisekileyo, "Yiyo le nto ibangele esi sifo."

• Izifo ze-Autoimmune okanye ze-Connective Tissue: Ngamanye amaxesha amajoni omzimba wethu aqala ukuhlasela izicubu ezisempilweni zomzimba wethu. Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne -Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) , i-Lupus , kunye ne-Scleroderma basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-ILD.
• Ukuchatshazelwa emsebenzini nakwimeko-bume: Ezinye zeengceba zothuli esiziphefumlayo zinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide emiphungeni.
• Uthuli lweSilica: Kwabo basebenza kwiindawo zokumba, kwimigodi, nakwiifektri zeseramikhi.
• Iifayibha ze-asbestos:Kwabo bachitha izakhiwo ezindala, abasebenza kwishishini lokuthumela impahla, kwaye basebenza ngeebrake pads kwezinye izithuthi.
• Uthuli lweenkozo, ingca, ubulongwe beentaka: Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis enokwenzeka kubantu abalima okanye abafuya izilwanyana.
• Iinkuni kunye neefungi: Kwabo basebenza kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezingenamoya uneleyo.
• Amanye amayeza kunye nonyango:
• Amayeza anjenge -amiodarone, asetyenziselwa ukunyanga izifo ezithile zentliziyo.
• Amanye amayeza okulwa nomhlaza (amayeza e-Chemotherapy) .
• Unyango lwemitha kumhlaza webele okanye wemiphunga.
• Ezinye izifo: Ukudumba kwemiphunga kunokwenzeka nasemva kokuba usulelo olunzima olufana nesifo sephepha kunye ne-pneumonia .

2. Izizathu ezingaziwayo (Idiopathic)

Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho sizathu sithile sifumanekayo se-ILD. Isigulana asinaso esinye isifo okanye ukuchatshazelwa yinto enobungozi, kodwa izicubu zemiphunga zineenxeba. Ezi meko sizibiza ngokuba yi-idiopathic , oko kuthetha "isizathu esingaziwayo."

Eyona ixhaphakileyo neyona inzima kwezi yi - Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) .

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba ne-ILD?

Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-ILD, abanye abantu banokuba nayo lula.

Ugqirha usifumanisa njani esi sifo?

Xa ubona ugqirha oneempawu ozikhankanyileyo apha ngasentla, uya kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise esi sifo ngokuchanekileyo.

1. Ukukubuza ngeempawu zakho: Okokuqala, baza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, umhla eziqale ngawo, ukuba zibe mandundu nini, njl. Baza kukubuza nangomsebenzi wakho, ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho okhe waba nezigulo ezifanayo, kunye nokuba zeziphi ezinye amayeza ozisebenzisayo.

2. Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ugqirha uza kubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho aze amamele izandi ozenzayo xa uphefumla. Abantu abaninzi abane-ILD beva "ukuqhekeka" emiphungeni yabo, njengeVelcro ivuliwe .

3. Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga (PFT): Kolu vavanyo, ucelwa ukuba uphefumle ngaphakathi nangaphandle ngetyhubhu eqhagamshelwe kumatshini. Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba imiphunga yakho inokugcina umoya ongakanani na kunye nokuba ungayikhupha ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Kwi-ILD, amandla emiphunga ayancipha.

4. Uvavanyo lweMifanekiso:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba: I-X-reyi yesifuba inokunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba kukho na amanxeba emiphungeni.
• Iskeni ye-CT (HRCT) enesisombululo esiphezulu: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo lokufumanisa i-ILD. Ingavelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha ezingaphezulu kuneskeni ye-CT eqhelekileyo. Ingabonisa ngcono uhlobo lwezibazi emaphaphu kunye nendlela ezisasazeke ngayo (iipateni ezifana "nobusi").

5. Uvavanyo lweGazi: Iisampuli zegazi ziyavavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe ezinye iimeko zonyango, ezifana nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba.

6. I-Bronchoscopy: Kwezinye iimeko, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera eqhotyoshelweyo idluliselwa ngempumlo okanye emlonyeni iye emiphungeni, apho ihlolwa ngaphakathi kwaye kuthathwa isampuli yethishu (i-biopsy).

7.I-Biopsy Yotyando: Ukuba uvavanyo olungentla alunazo iziphumo ezipheleleyo, kwenziwa inkqubo encinci yotyando ukuze kususwe iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili emphungeni ukuze lihlolwe.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-ILD?

Ngelishwa, okwangoku akukho nyango lwe-ILD, oko kuthetha ukuba akukho nyango lwezibazi ezenzeka emiphungeni. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango oluninzi olunokunceda ukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo, ukunciphisa iimpawu, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wobomi bakho. Unyango luxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-ILD onayo, ubukhali besifo, kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.

Nazi ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zonyango:

• Amayeza:
• IiCorticosteroids: Amayeza afana nePrednisolone anciphisa ukudumba emiphungeni.
• Amayeza okulwa ne-fibrotic: Amayeza afana nePirfenidone kunye neNintedanib anokunciphisa izinga lokulimala kwemiphunga. La mayeza anikwa ngokukodwa izigulane ezine-IPF.
• Izinto ezithintela amasosha omzimba: Abantu abane-ILD ngenxa yezifo ezibangelwa kukuzikhusela komzimba banikwa amayeza anciphisa ukusebenza kwenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Unyango lwe-oksijini: Kubantu abanezinga eliphantsi le-oksijini egazini, i-oksijini eyongezelelweyo inikwa ngetyhubhu yempumlo okanye imaski yobuso. Oku kunokunceda ekunciphiseni ukuphefumla okufutshane kunye nokudinwa.
• Ukuvuselelwa Kwemiphunga: Oku kufana 'nonyango lwe-physiotherapy' lwemiphunga. Iqela eliqeqeshwe ngokukodwa liza kukunika umthambo wokuphefumla, umthambo womzimba, kunye neengcebiso zesondlo. Oku kuya kwandisa amandla akho kwaye kukuncede uphile neempawu zakho.
• Ukufakelwa Kwemiphunga: Kwabo banesifo esibi kakhulu kwaye abanakulawulwa lolunye unyango, indlela yokugqibela kukufakelwa imiphunga esempilweni.

Ndingenza ntoni xa ndihlala ne-ILD?

Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive ulusizi kwaye usoyika xa uxilongwa ukuba une-ILD. Nangona kunjalo, ngokwenza utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela ophila ngayo kunye nokulandela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho, ungaphila ubomi obumnandi nesi sifo.

• Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukuba ungumntu otshayayo, eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukuyeka namhlanje.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunceda ukugcina amandla omzimba.
• Zilolonge rhoqo:Buza ugqirha wakho kwaye wenze umthambo olula okulungeleyo. Nokuba yinto efana nokuhamba kwanele.
• Phumla: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunika umzimba ukuphumla okufunekayo.
• Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Nxiba imaski yobuso xa usiya kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana imijovo ye-pneumonia kunye ne-influenza.
• Cinga ngomsebenzi wakho: Ukuba umsebenzi wakho ubandakanya ukuphefumla izinto eziyingozi kwimiphunga yakho, ungathanda ukucinga ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezikhuselekileyo okanye ukutshintsha imisebenzi.