Ingaba umntwana wakho omncinci ebenomkhuhlane kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa? Masithethe ngeSifo sikaKawasaki

Ingaba umkhuhlane womntwana wakho awukapheli kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintlanu? Ngaba kukho amabala abomvu emzimbeni wakhe wonke? Ngaba amehlo akhe abomvu nemilebe yakhe ikruqukile? Siba noloyiko olungakanani njengabazali ngamaxesha anje? Nokuba ucinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane, ngamanye amaxesha unokuba yinto enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngesimo esingaqhelekanga esichaphazela abantwana abancinci esifuna ukuxilongwa kwaye sinyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Eso siSifo sikaKawasaki.

Yintoni isifo sikaKawasaki?

Ngamafutshane, isifo seKawasaki sisifo apho imithambo yegazi (imithambo yegazi) emzimbeni wethu ivuvukala, oko kukuthi, ivuvukala ibe bomvu. Kwizonyango, esi sibizwa ngokuba yi- vasculitis . Cinga ngemithambo yegazi emzimbeni wethu wonke njengemibhobho ethwala amanzi. Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba le mibhobho ivuvukala ngaphakathi? Ukuhamba kwegazi kuyathintelwa, kwaye iindonga zemibhobho nazo zinokuba buthathaka.

Nangona esi sifo sinokuchaphazela nawuphi na umthambo wegazi emzimbeni, njengoogqirha, eyona nto sixhalabele kakhulu yimithambo yegazi yentliziyo, ehambisa igazi entliziyweni. Kuba intliziyo yinjini yomzimba wethu. Imithambo yegazi ephambili ehambisa igazi kuloo njini ibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yegazi yentliziyo. Ukuba le mithambo iyavuvukala okanye ibuthathaka, ukusebenza kwentliziyo kunokonakala kakhulu.

Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abaphakathi kweenyanga ezi-6 neminyaka emi-5 ubudala . Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba ukuba isifo sifunyenwe ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye unyango olufanelekileyo luqalisiwe, uninzi lwabantwana luya kuphila ngokupheleleyo kwiinyanga ezimbini. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukungoyiki kwaye uqaphele iimpawu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

Isifo sikaKawasaki sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Kumazwe afana ne-United States neKhanada, sichaphazela abantwana abaphakathi kwe-10 kunye nama-20 kwi-100,000 yabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe aseAsia afana neJapan neKorea, eli nani liphezulu kancinci. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba isifo sikaKawasaki siye saba sisifo sentliziyo esifumaneka ebantwaneni kumazwe aphuhlileyo.

Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo? Sizibona njani?

Njengomzali, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngale nto. Kuba ezi mpawu zinokufana noko zomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo wentsholongwane. Kodwa xa ezi mpawu zidibana kufuneka unikele ingqalelo ekhethekileyo.

Makhe sijonge ezinye iimpawu eziphambili ngale ndlela ukuze kube lula ukuzikhumbula.

Abanye abantwana abazibonisi zonke ezi mpawu ngaxeshanye. Ukuba kukho iimpawu ezimbalwa kuphela, sibiza ngokuba sisifo seKawasaki esingaphelelanga . Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukusa umntwana wakho kugqirha ngokukhawuleza, nokuba unesinye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu kunye nomkhuhlane.

Kutheni esi sifo sisenzeka? Ingaba siyasulela?

Enyanisweni, oogqirha abakafumani unobangela oqinisekileyo wesifo sikaKawasaki, kodwa kukho iingcamango ezahlukeneyo.

• Indlela yokusabela kwisifo: Abanye abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba xa intsholongwane okanye iibhaktheriya zingena emzimbeni, inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba isabela kakhulu kuyo, nto leyo ebangela umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi.
• Izinto ezibangela imeko-bume: Esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu ngamaxesha athile onyaka, ingakumbi ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
• Ufuzo oluhambelanayo: Kukholelwa ukuba abantwana abanezakhi ezithile zofuzo banokuba sengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu?

• Abantwana abangamadoda basengozini enkulu kancinci kunabantwana abangamabhinqa.
• Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• Kwabantwana abazalwa eAsia okanye kwiziqithi zePacific.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokwenza isifo seKawasaki sibe yingozi?

Le yeyona nxalenye ekufuneka siyinike ingqalelo kakhulu. Ukuba ayinyangwa okanye inyangwa kade, iingxaki ezinokubakho, ingakumbi ezo zinxulumene nentliziyo, zinokuba yingozi.

• Ii-aneurysms zemithambo yegazi ye-coronary: Le yeyona ngxaki inzima neyingozi. I-aneurysm kukudumba eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi oluye lwaba buthathaka ngenxa yokudumba. Ezi zinokudumba kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ziqhekeke.
• Uhlaselo lwentliziyo: Ukuba ihlwili legazi lenzeka ngaphakathi kwi-aneurysm kwaye livale ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya entliziyweni, uhlaselo lwentliziyo lunokwenzeka.
• I-Myocarditis: Ukudumba kwemisipha yentliziyo.
• Iingxaki zeevalvu zentliziyo: Iivalvu zentliziyo zinokonakala zingavuleki okanye zivaleke kakuhle.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Ukungakwazi kwentliziyo ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni wonke.

Ukuva ngezi ngxaki kunokukoyikisa. Kodwa khumbula, uninzi lwezi ngxaki lunokuthintelwa ukuba unyango luqalwe kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuqala emva kokuqala kweempawu. Yiyo loo nto sisithi ukuba unomkhuhlane kunye neempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, bonana nogqirha ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Ugqirha ufumanisa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?

Akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni enye enokuqinisekisa isifo sikaKawasaki. Ugqirha wenza uxilongo ngokuvavanya ngononophelo iimpawu zomntwana. Oku sikubiza ngokuba luxilongo lwezonyango .

Ugqirha uza kufumanisa isifo sikaKawasaki ngokuhlola umntwana, ejonge ukuba umkhuhlane sele ukho iintsuku ezingaphi, zeziphi ezinye iimpawu ezikhoyo, aze aqinisekise ukuba akukho zifo zimbi ezinokubangela iimpawu (umz. imasisi, umkhuhlane obomvu).

Amanqanaba amathathu esi sifo

Isifo seKawasaki sidla ngokuqhubeka ngamanqanaba amathathu.

1. Inqanaba 1 - Eli lifutshane: Eli liveki ezimbini zokuqala okanye ngaphezulu. Iimpawu eziphambili ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukurhawuzelela, amehlo abomvu, kunye notshintsho emlonyeni zonke ziyabonakala ngeli xesha. Umntwana uphelelwa bubuthongo kakhulu ngeli xesha.

2. Inqanaba lesi-2 - I-Subacute: Ihlala iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezine. Ngeli xesha, umkhuhlane uphelile. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesisu, urhudo, kunye nentlungu yamalungu zinokuvela. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ulusu oluseminweni nakwiinzwane luqala ukuxobuka ngeli xesha. Umngcipheko wokuba ne-aneurysms yemithambo yentliziyo uphezulu ngeli xesha.

3. Inqanaba lesi-3 - Ukuchacha: Oku kungathatha inyanga okanye ezimbini. Zonke iimpawu ziyanyamalala kancinci kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, umntwana usenokuziva ediniwe kancinci. Kuthatha ixesha ukuba umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi uphole.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo?

Nokuba isifo asinakuqinisekiswa, ugqirha unokuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise ukuba imeko imbi kangakanani na aze aqinisekise ukuba azikho ezinye izifo.

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Khangela izinto ezifana ne-CRP kunye ne-ESR, ezibonisa inqanaba lokuvuvukala emzimbeni.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamo
• I-Echocardiogram: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Olu luvavanyo lwe-ultrasound. Lunokuyibona ngokucacileyo indlela intliziyo esebenza ngayo, imeko yeevalvu, ingakumbi ukuba imithambo yentliziyo yonakele okanye kukho ii-aneurysms.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG): Oku kunceda ukujonga umsebenzi wombane (isigqi) sentliziyo.

Iphathwa njani?

Kwangoko nje xa kurhanelwa ukuba unesifo sikaKawasaki, umntwana ungeniswa esibhedlele. Unyango luqala esibhedlele. Kukho iinjongo ezine eziphambili zonyango:

1. Ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokudumba emzimbeni.

2. Thintela okanye unciphise umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi, ingakumbi imithambo yentliziyo.

3. Ukuthintela iingxaki zentliziyo.

4. Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi.

Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zonyango zisetyenziswa:

• I-Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG): Olu lolona nyango luphambili. Ngamafutshane, sisithako esinee-antibodies ezithathwe kubantu abaphilileyo. Sinikwa umntwana nge-intravenous (IV) njenge-saline. Sisebenza ngokulawula impendulo yomzimba esebenzayo kakhulu kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwimithambo yegazi. Ukunika olu nyango kwiintsuku ezili-10 zokuqala kunokunciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zentliziyo ukusuka kwi-25% ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-5%.
• I-Aspirin: Asisoloko sinika abantwana abane-aspirin abanesifo se-viral fever. Nangona kunjalo, kwisifo seKawasaki, i-aspirin inikwa ekuqaleni ngeedosi eziphezulu ukunciphisa umkhuhlane kunye nokudumba, ize emva koko inikwe ngeedosi eziphantsi ukuthintela ukujiya kwegazi kangangeeveki ezininzi.

Ukongeza kwezi ndlela zonyango, umntwana unikwa izinto ezifana netyuwa ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye namayeza eentlungu nokudumba.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya uvela esibhedlele?

Xa umkhuhlane womntwana uphelile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ekwazi ukusela ulwelo oluselwayo kunye namayeza, unokuthunyelwa ekhaya evela esibhedlele. Kodwa umsebenzi awukapheli emva kokuba ebuyele ekhaya. Umntwana kufuneka ajongwe ngokusondeleyo.

Kuya kufuneka uqhubeke nokutyelela ugqirha wabantwana kunye nogqirha wentliziyo.

• Uza kuya ekhaya uze wenze i-echocardiogram kwiveki enye okanye ezimbini, uze uphinde emva kweeveki ezi-4-6 ukuze ubone ukuba intliziyo yakho injani.
• Ukuba kubekho umonakalo kwimithambo yentliziyo, kuya kufuneka ube phantsi kweliso likagqirha ixesha elide, kwaye kusenokufuneka ukuba wenze uvavanyo rhoqo ebomini bakho.

Ngaba isifo sikaKawasaki sinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Uninzi lwabantwana luyaphila ngokupheleleyo. Iimpawu zinokuhlala malunga neeveki ezi-4-6. Umntwana unokuziva ediniwe kwaye engaphumli malunga neenyanga ezimbini. Amaxesha amaninzi (malunga ne-2-3%) esi sifo sinokuphinda sibuye.

Emva konyango, malunga ne-50% yomonakalo owenzeka kwimithambo yegazi uya kuphola kungekapheli unyaka okanye emibini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umonakalo unzima, njenge-aneurysm, unokuba yingxaki yobomi bonke.

Ungenza ntoni njengomzali?

Siyayiqonda ingcinezelo nosizi oluvayo xa umntwana egula. Kodwa amandla akho ngawona mandla makhulu omntwana wakho.

• Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngokuchanekileyo: Sela amayeza akho ngendlela oyalelwe ngayo. Ungaphoswa ziintlanganiso zokulandelela.
• Lumka malunga nokugonywa:Kubalulekile ukukhusela umntwana wakho kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-chickenpox kunye ne-influenza ngelixa usela i-aspirin. I-aspirin kunye nezinye iintsholongwane zinokubangela imeko engaqhelekanga kodwa eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Reye's syndrome. Ngoko ke thetha nogqirha wakho ukuqinisekisa ukuba imigonyo yomntwana wakho ihlaziyiwe.
• Lumka ngemigonyo yentsholongwane ephilayo: Imigonyo yentsholongwane ephilayo, efana ne-measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) kunye ne-chickenpox (varicella), ayinikwa kangangeenyanga ezili-11 emva kokufumana unyango lwe-IVIG. Oku kungenxa yokuba unyango lwe-IVIG lunokuthintela umzimba ekwenzeni ii-antibodies ezifanelekileyo kwezi migonyo.
• Ukuncitshiswa kwemisebenzi: Ukuba intliziyo yomntwana wakho ichaphazelekile, ugqirha wakho unokukucebisa ukuba unciphise imidlalo enzima kunye nemisebenzi yokubaleka okwethutyana. Landela le miyalelo ngononophelo.
• Thuthuzela umntwana wakho: Ngelixa umntwana wakho esesibhedlele, mnike ithoyizi okanye incwadi ayithandayo. Ilizwi lakho kunye nokumchukumisa kwakho kuya kuzisa intuthuzelo enkulu kumntwana wakho ngeli xesha linzima.