Ibali elibaliswa ligazi lakho - Yonke into malunga neComplete Blood Count (CBC)!

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu kum nawe. Olu luvavanyo olwenziwa egazini emzimbeni wethu. Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ugqirha esithi, "Masenze uvavanyo lwegazi" xa usiya kugqirha? Enye yezona vavanyo zegazi zixhaphakileyo nezibalulekileyo yi "Complete Blood Count (CBC)". Oku kunokusixelela okuninzi ngabasebenzi abancinci kunye nabagcini emzimbeni wethu. Ngoko ke, makhe sibone ukuba olu vavanyo lwe-"CBC" luyintoni, kutheni lwenziwa, kwaye lusixelela ntoni?

Yintoni igazi, yaye kutheni lixabiseke kangaka kuthi?

Khawucinge nje, umzimba wethu ufana nesixeko esikhulu. Kukho uthungelwano lweendlela zokuthutha iimpahla, imiyalezo, kunye nenkunkuma kuyo yonke indawo kwesi sixeko, akunjalo? Yiyo loo nto igazi elihamba ngemithambo yethu linjalo. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo ngaphakathi kweli gazi, lifana nehlabathi elincinci! Kukho iindawo ezintathu esigxila kuzo kolu vavanyo lwe-'CBC'.

Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu - Igazi lobomi lemizimba yethu

Uyazi ukuba ngubani othwala ioksijini engena emiphungeni xa siphefumla ukuya kwiseli nganye encinci emzimbeni, ukusuka kwincam yeminwe yethu ukuya kwiiseli zengqondo? Loo nkonzo inkulu yenziwa ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye 'iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC). Ezi zifana neediski ezincinci, ezijikelezileyo, ezingaphakathi. Ezi zezo zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke, ziyisasaze kwiseli nganye, kwaye zibuyisele imveliso yenkunkuma yezo seli, 'iCarbon Dioxide', emiphungeni. Sifumana amandla okubaleka, ukutsiba, ukusebenza, nokucinga kuba ezi seli zibomvu zegazi zenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo. Xa ezi seli zibomvu zegazi ziphantsi, sithi izinto ezifana 'ne-anemic'', 'pale'', 'dinwe kancinci', 'ukuziva udiniwe'. Oogqirha bakwabiza le meko ngokuthi ' anemia ''.

Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe - Amajoni okhuselo lomzimba

Ngoku khangela, xa iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo, ezinje ngeebhaktheriya, iintsholongwane kunye neefungi, zizama ukungena emizimbeni yethu, ngaba ukho umntu onokuzilwa nazo? Yiloo nto iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, okanye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ii-WBC), zenzelwe yona. Aba bantu bafana nomkhosi namapolisa kwilizwe lethu. Ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zezona zibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela .

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunomsebenzi othile oluwunikiweyo.

• Ezinye iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ziya ngqo kwiintsholongwane zize 'zizidle ziphele' (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Phagocytosis').
• Ezinye zenza iiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'antibodies' ezichasene nezo ntsholongwane. Ezi antibodies zinamathela kwiintsholongwane zize zizenze zingabi namsebenzi.

Ngoko ke, xa imizimba yethu ifumana usulelo, inani lala maseli amhlophe egazi liyakhula ukulungiselela imfazwe. Ngokufanayo, kwezinye iimeko zokunganyamezelani, ezinye iintlobo zala maseli amhlophe egazi nazo zinokunyuka.

Iiplatelets - amaqhawe amancinci ayeke ukopha

Uyakhumbula xa wawa ngelixa udlala okanye usika isandla sakho ngemela ngelixa usika imifuno, kwaye ukopha kwaphela emva kwexesha elithile? Yiloo nto iiplatelets, okanye 'iiplatelets' (elinye igama yi 'Thrombocytes'), ezinceda kuyo. Ezi azizo iiseli ezipheleleyo, kodwa ziziqwenga eziqhekeka kwiiseli ezinkulu kumongo wethambo. Kodwa nangona zincinci, zenza umsebenzi omkhulu. Xa umthambo wegazi wonakele ndaweni ithile kwaye igazi liqala ukuvuza, ezi platelets zezona zifika ngokukhawuleza apho zinamathele, zenze i-mesh yokuvala inxeba. Njengaxa umngxuma uvela kwi-culvert endleleni, amatye kunye nesanti ziyasetyenziswa ukuyizalisa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -blood clotting . Ukuba inani lezi platelets liyancipha, kunokuba nzima ukuyeka ukopha nokuba kukwinxeba elincinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, iintsini zinokopha, kwaye umzimba unokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwiindawo ezithile (ngokungathi usandul' ukubethwa).

Ngoko ke yintoni le vavanyo ye-Complete Blood Count (CBC)?

Kulungile, ngoku unombono omncinci ngamajoni aphambili kunye nabasebenzi egazini lakho. Ngoko ke, olu `Complete Blood Count (CBC)` luvavanyo olubala ukuba zingaphi kwezi seli zibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets ezikwisampuli yegazi lakho. Ayipheleli apho, inokulinganisa nolunye ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nezi seli, umzekelo, ukuba zinkulu okanye zincinci kangakanani (oko kukuthi, ubungakanani) beeseli ezibomvu zegazi, ukuba zimi njani, kwaye ingakanani i-hemoglobin `(iHaemoglobin okanye iHb)`, eyona protein ibalulekileyo ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezithwala ioksijini. Ikwajonga ukuba zingaphi iintlobo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezikhoyo.

Ugqirha angayalela olu vavanyo lwe-"CBC" ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

• Fumanisa ukuba unayo na isifo: Xa uneempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane, iintlungu zomzimba, ukudinwa kakhulu, ukuphaphatheka, kunye nosulelo oluqhelekileyo, oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba unobangela lusulelo, i-anemia, okanye enye ingxaki.
• Jonga imeko yesifo esikhoyo: Kwezinye izifo (umz. i-leukemia, ezinye izifo ezichaphazela amasosha omzimba), utshintsho luyenzeka kwiiseli zegazi. Ngoko ke, i-CBC ikwanceda ekuboneni ukuba isifo silawulwa na kwaye unyango luyasebenza na.
• Jonga imiphumo yamayeza athile: Amanye amayeza (umz., i-chemotherapy, i-antibiotics) anokuchaphazela umongo wethambo, owenza iiseli zegazi. Ngoko ke, xa unikwa loo mayeza, olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba abangela monakalo okanye anciphisa inani leeseli zegazi.
• Ngaphambi kotyando olukhulu: I-CBC ibalulekile ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kujongwe ukuba ingaba inani legazi lanele na, ukuba igazi liyakwazi na ukujiya kakuhle, nokuba kukho usulelo na.
• Njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo rhoqo:Nokuba akukho sifo, ngamanye amaxesha i-CBC ingenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lonyaka ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into isebenza kakuhle emizimbeni yethu. Kukho amaxesha apho inokusinceda siqaphele kwangethuba, nokuba sisifo esiqala ngaphakathi kuthi singaziqondi.

Yintoni esinokuyifunda kuvavanyo lwe-CBC?

Xa ubona amanani noonobumba abaninzi kule ngxelo ye-'CBC', usenokuba ucinga, "Owu, yintoni le?" Musa ukoyika. Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokutolika le ngxelo ngokufanelekileyo aze akunike iingcebiso ezithile ngemeko yakho. Kodwa ngolwazi oluqhelekileyo, makhe sijonge ezinye zezinto eziphambili ezithethayo.

Izinto ekufuneka uzijonge ngokwembono yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi (ii-RBC):

• Inani leeSeli eziBomvu zeGazi (Ubalo lweeRBC): Eli linani lilonke leeSeli eziBomvu zeGazi emzimbeni. Ukuba oku kuphantsi kunesiqhelo, kunokubonisa ukuba une-anemia.
• I-Haemoglobin (Hb): Le yiproteni engaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi ethwala ioksijini. Ukuncipha kwesi sixa kukwaluphawu oluphambili lwe-anemia. Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo ayahluka kumadoda, abafazi, abantwana abancinci, kunye nabasetyhini abakhulelweyo.
• I-Hematocrit (Hct) / Umthamo weeSeli eziPakiweyo (PCV): Oku kukuxelela ukuba yipesenti engakanani yegazi lakho eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngamafutshane, kufana 'nobukhulu' beeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho. Oku kukwanceda ekuboneni ukuba une-anemia na. Oogqirha bakwanika ingqalelo kwindlela eli xabiso le-'PCV' elitshintsha ngayo kwizifo ezifana ne-dengue.
• I-MCV (Umthamo weCorpuscular ophakathi), i-MCH (Umlinganiselo weCorpuscular Haemoglobin), i-MCHC (Umlinganiselo weCorpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration), i-RDW (Ububanzi boSasazo lweeSeli eziBomvu): La maleta esiNgesi akuxelela ubungakanani obuphakathi beeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, ubungakanani be-hemoglobin (Hb) kwiseli enye ebomvu yegazi, ubungakanani be-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nobukhulu beeseli ezibomvu zegazi (oko kukuthi, iintlobo ngeentlobo zobukhulu). Ezi zizinto ugqirha wakho anokuzisebenzisa ukumisela ukuba une-anemia, nokuba kungenxa ye-anemia yokungabikho kwesinyithi, i-vitamin B12 okanye i-folic acid deficiency (i-Megaloblastic Anaemia), imeko yelifa efana ne-thalassaemia, okanye enye into.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (i-WBC):

• Inani leeSeli zeGazi ezimhlophe (Ubalo lwe-WBC): Eli linani lilonke leeseli ezimhlophe emzimbeni. Ukuba oku kuphezulu kunesiqhelo, kudla ngokubangelwa lusulelo okanye ukudumba kwindawo ethile emzimbeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, eli nani linokuba phezulu ngokungaqhelekanga kwiimeko zomhlaza ezifana ne-leukemia. Kwakhona kuyingxaki ukuba eli nani liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Linokubangelwa zezinye izifo zentsholongwane (umz., amanqanaba okuqala e-dengue), iingxaki zomongo wethambo, okanye amayeza athile.
• Ubalo Lokwahluka (DC):Oku kukuxelela ukuba zingaphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ezimhlophe zegazi (ngokuyintloko) ezikhoyo njengepesenti.
• IiNeutrophils: La ngamajoni aphambili alwa nosulelo lweentsholongwane. Ipesenti yazo kunye nenani elipheleleyo liyanda ngexesha losulelo lweentsholongwane.
• Iilymphocytes: Ezi zinceda ekulweni nosulelo lwentsholongwane kwaye zakha amajoni omzimba. Kwimikhuhlane yentsholongwane efana nedengue, ipesenti yazo inokunyuka, ngelixa ipesenti yee-neutrophils inokuncipha (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Relative Lymphocytosis`).
• Iimonocytes: Ezi zikwasebenza ngokuchasene nosulelo, 'zicoca' iiseli ezifileyo kunye neentsholongwane.
• Ii-Eosinophils: Ezi zinokwanda kwiimeko ze-allergy (umz. i-asthma, i-eczema, i-allergies kwi-dust mites) kunye nezifo ezibangelwa zi-parasites (umz. ii-pinworms).
• IiBasophils: Ezi zibalulekile nakwiimeko zokunganyamezelani komzimba kunye nezinye izifo ezibangelwa kukudumba.

Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokwembono yeeplatelets:

• Inani leePlatelet: Eli linani leePlatelet ezinceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. Ukuba ezi ziphantsi kunesiqhelo (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-'Thrombocytopenia'), kukho amathuba aphezulu okopha. Usenokuba uvile ngokuncipha kwezi platelet ngexesha lomkhuhlane wedengue. Kunokuba yingozi. Kwakhona, ukuba ezi ziphezulu ('Thrombocytosis'), ngamanye amaxesha amahlwili egazi anokwakheka ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi ngokungeyomfuneko.

Kubaluleke kakhulu: Inani ngalinye kula linamanani "aqhelekileyo." Kodwa kufuneka wazi ukuba loo manani anokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri, kwaye kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, isini, kunye nokuphakama. Ngoko ke, ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezichanekileyo zamanani kwingxelo yakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho . Nceda ungacingi ukuba unesifo ngokujonga izinto kwi-intanethi okanye uzithelekise nengxelo yomhlobo wakho. Oko kuya kubangela uloyiko olungeyomfuneko.

Uvavanyo lwe-CBC lwenziwa njani? Ngaba yinto yokoyika?

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba olu vavanyo lwe-'CBC' yinto ekufuneka uyenze, okanye ingaba iza kukwenzakalisa. Akukho nto yokoyika. Kulula kakhulu, kwaye kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje.

Oku kudla ngokubandakanya ukuthatha isampuli encinci yegazi emthanjeni osengalweni yakho (ngesiqhelo ngaphantsi kwengqiniba yakho, apho ibonakala lula khona). Oku kwenziwa ngugqirha, umongikazi oqeqeshiweyo, okanye ingcali yelabhoratri yezonyango elabhoratri.

1. Okokuqala, indawo apho igazi liza kutsalwa khona ihlanjululwe kakuhle ngesibulali-ntsholongwane esifana notywala.

2. Emva koko, inaliti encinci, ebhityileyo (inaliti engenazintsholongwane) ifakwa ngononophelo emthanjeni, kwaye umlinganiselo wegazi ofunekayo (malunga neemililitha ezimbalwa) uqokelelwa kwityhubhu ekhethekileyo. Le tyhubhu iqulethe into yekhemikhali (i-anticoagulant) ethintela igazi ukuba lingaqini.

3. Emva kokususa inaliti, beka iqhekeza elincinci leplasta okanye uboya bekotoni kuloo ndawo uze uyibambe apho okwethutyana de ukopha kuphele ngokupheleleyo.

Xa inaliti ifakwa, isenokuvakala ngathi yimbovane encinci okanye ingcongconi ekuhlabayo . Kodwa ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela. Emva koko, akukho ntlungu. Abanye abantu bayoyika kancinci iinaliti, nto leyo eqhelekileyo. Ukuba unjalo, ungajonga kude uze uphefumle nzulu ngelixa igazi litsalwa. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa uloyiko kancinci. Ukubamba isandla sakho okwethutyana emva kokuba igazi litsaliwe kuya kunceda ekunciphiseni amathuba okuba indawo ijike ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Le sampuli yegazi emva koko ithunyelwa kwilebhu, apho kubalwa khona iintlobo zeeseli ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kwaye iinkcukacha zazo zihlolwe. Ngokwesiqhelo kunokuthatha iiyure ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha ngosuku, ukuba ingxelo ifike, kuxhomekeke kumthwalo womsebenzi welebhu.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule ngale CBC? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, sithethe kakhulu ngovavanyo lwe-`Complete Blood Count (CBC)`. Ngoko ke, nazi iingongoma eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto:

• I-'CBC' luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo noluxabisekileyo olulinganisa iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli egazini lakho, ezizezi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets, kunye nezinye iimpawu zazo ezibalulekileyo (ezifana ne-hemoglobin).
• Olu vavanyo lukunceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezithile emzimbeni wakho (umz. i-anemia, usulelo olwahlukeneyo, ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza), ukubona imeko yangoku yesifo, kunye nokujonga imiphumo yamayeza.
• Uhlobo ngalunye lweseli egazini lunomsebenzi othile. Iiseli ezibomvu zithwala ioksijini, iiseli ezimhlophe zikhusela kwizifo, kwaye iiplatelets ziyeka ukopha. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na kwezi ingekhoyo, impilo yethu inokuchaphazeleka.
• Kubalulekile ukushiya utoliko lwamanani noonobumba abakwingxelo ethi `CBC` kugqirha. `Uluhlu Oluqhelekileyo` lunokwahluka kancinci kwilabhoratri nganye. Ngoko ke, musa ukutsiba ugqibe uze woyike okanye uchwayite ngokungeyomfuneko.
• Ukunikela ngegazi yinkqubo elula kakhulu equka intlungu encinci, yemizuzwana embalwa. Akukho nto yokoyika.
• Ukuba uyagula okanye uneempawu ezingachazwanga (umz., ukudinwa okungapheliyo, umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ukopha kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba), bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-"CBC" okanye olunye.

Okokugqibela, olu vavanyo lwe-'CBC' lufana 'nesipili' esixelela okuninzi ngehlabathi elincinci elingaphakathi emzimbeni wethu, malunga nempilo yethu. Ke ngoko, kuluncedo kakhulu kuthi ukwenza olu vavanyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo, sisebenzise ulwazi olufunyenwe kulo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye sigcine impilo yethu. Sinqwenelela wonke umntu impilo entle!

` Ubalo lwegazi olupheleleyo, i-CBC, uvavanyo lwegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, i-hemoglobin, ukuxilongwa