Sonke siyazi ukuba intliziyo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Njengenjini yemoto, ukuba intliziyo iyama, yonke into iyaphela. Ngoko ke, ukuze le ntliziyo isebenze ngokuqhubekayo, ikwafuna ukunikezelwa kwegazi okuhle, oko kukuthi, kufuneka iqhubeke ifumana ioksijini kunye nezondlo. Phakathi kwemithambo yegazi eyenza lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo, kukho umthambo wegazi okhethekileyo nobaluleke kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba oku kuvaliwe, uhlaselo lwentliziyo oluvelayo luba nzima kangangokuba lubizwa ngokuba yi "Widowmaker". Namhlanje sithetha ngaloo mthambo wegazi ubalulekileyo, i-Left Anterior Descendeng Artery (LAD).
Kalula nje, yintoni le LAD?
Cinga ngentliziyo yethu njengendlu. Kukho imibhobho emibini ephambili ehambisa amanzi kule ndlu. Yiyo imithambo yentliziyo ephambili ehambisa igazi entliziyweni yethu. Ekwicala lasekhohlo lale mithambo mibini iphambili (iLeft Main Coronary Artery) yahlulwe yaba ngamasebe amabini aphambili. Elinye lala masebe mabini, kwaye elona likhulu nelibalulekileyo, yiLeft Anterior Descendeng (LAD) Artery .
Masihlalutye intsingiselo yale gama:
- Ekhohlo: Oko kuthetha ukuba oku kungasekhohlo.
- Ngaphambili: Oku kuthetha ukuba inika igazi ngaphambili kwentliziyo.
- Ukuhla: Oku kuthetha ukuba lo mthambo wegazi uhamba ukusuka phezulu kwentliziyo ukuya ezantsi.
Ngamafutshane, i-LAD ngumthambo wegazi ophambili ohamba kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo, phambi kwayo . Inika igumbi lokumpompa eliphambili lentliziyo, i-ventricle yasekhohlo, igazi elininzi elineoksijini. Ikwanika ne-septum, udonga lwemisipha olwahlula amagumbi entliziyo.
Ukuba le mithambo ye-LAD ivalekile ngokupheleleyo, inxalenye enkulu yentliziyo ivaleka ngequbuliso ukuba ingafumani igazi. Uhlaselo lwentliziyo olubangelwa yiyo lunokuba yingozi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto oogqirha bebiza le meko ngokuthi "yiWidowmaker Heart Attack."
Umsebenzi ophambili kunye nendawo ye-LAD
Umthambo we-LAD yinxalenye yenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi emzimbeni wethu. Lo ngumthambo omkhulu wentliziyo onika igazi entliziyweni yethu. Cinga nje, phantse i-50% yegazi lilonke eliya kwimisipha yentliziyo linikezelwa ngulo mthambo wegazi mnye. Ungacinga ukuba oku kubaluleke kangakanani, akunjalo?
Ifumaneka ngaphakathi kwe-epicardium, umaleko ongaphandle okhuselayo wentliziyo. Iqala ukusuka phezulu kwentliziyo ukuya ezantsi, kwindawo efana nomngxuma ecaleni kodonga lwentliziyo.
Ngawaphi amasebe aphuma kwi-LAD?
Lo mthambo uphambili uphuma uye kumasebe amancinci athwala igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentliziyo.
| Igama leSebe | Indawo yokubonelela ngegazi |
|---|---|
| Amasebe alinganayo | Inika igazi kwiindawo ezingaphambili nezisezantsi ze-ventricle yasekhohlo, eyona mpompo iphambili yentliziyo. |
| Amasebe aseSeptemba | Inika igazi kwinxalenye yesibini kwezintathu zodonga lwemisipha (septum) eyahlula amagumbi entliziyo. |
Ziziphi iimeko ezichaphazela i-LAD?
Ingxaki ephambili neyona ixhaphakileyo echaphazela umthambo wegazi we-LAD yi -atherosclerosis . Ngamafutshane, ifana nomhlwa owenzeka ngaphakathi kombhobho wamanzi omdala. Izinto ezinamafutha, ezifana ne-cholesterol, ezifumaneka ekutyeni esikutyayo, ziyanda eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi kwaye zibe nkulu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'plaque'. Njengoko le plaque iyanda, ukuhamba kwegazi kuya kuncipha.
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, le plaque inokuqhuma, yenze ihlwili legazi elinokuvala ngokupheleleyo umthambo wegazi. Ukuba oku kuvimbeka kwenzeka kwi-LAD, indawo enkulu yentliziyo ayifumani ioksijini kwaye izihlunu zentliziyo ziqala ukufa. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba luhlaselo lwentliziyo. Uhlaselo lwentliziyo olubangelwa kukuvimbeka kwi-LAD lunokuba yingozi kakhulu.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, nangona igama elithi "Widowmaker," oku akupheleli nje kumadoda. Esi sifo sinzima sentliziyo sinokuchaphazela amadoda nabafazi ngokulinganayo.
Ukongeza, abanye abantu bazalwa benemithambo ye-LAD emxinwa kakhulu okanye emfutshane. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-hypoplastic left anterior descending artery. Nangona le yimeko engaqhelekanga, inokunyusa umngcipheko we:
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (i-Arrhythmia)
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Ukunikezelwa kwegazi okwaneleyo kwimisipha yentliziyo (i-Myocardial ischemia)
- Ukufa kwentliziyo ngequbuliso
Zithini iimpawu zokuvaleka kwe-LAD?
Ukuncitshiswa okanye ukuvaleka komthambo we-LAD kunokubangela iintlungu zesifuba (i-angina). Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba sonke sizazi iimpawu ezivelayo xa kuthe kwavaleka ngokupheleleyo, oku kukuhlaselwa yintliziyo.
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, yithathe njengengxamiseko yezonyango. Tsalela umnxeba kwi-1990 Ambulance Service ngaphandle kokulibazisa okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lasesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukungakhululeki (i-Angina) | Intlungu evakala ngathi iqinile, inciphile, njengobunzima ibekwa embindini wesifuba. |
| Intlungu ephuma engalweni yasekhohlo, egxalabeni, entanyeni, okanye emhlathini | Intlungu yesifuba ingasasazeka kwezi ndawo. |
| Ukubila okugqithisileyo ngequbuliso | Ukubila ngaphandle kwesizathu, ngokungathi umzimba uyabanda. |
| Ubunzima bokuphefumla | Ukuziva ufuthanisekile, kunzima ukuphefumla. |
| Ukuziva unesizungu okanye ubuthathaka | Le meko inokwenzeka ngenxa yokwehla koxinzelelo lwegazi. |
| Ukunyuka kwesantya sentliziyo (i-palpitations) | Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza. |
| Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza | Olu phawu luxhaphake kakhulu phakathi kwabasetyhini kunye nabantu abanesifo seswekile. |
| Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka | Ukudinwa kakhulu ngaphandle kwesizathu. |
Oogqirha bayijonga njani impilo ye-LAD?
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga imeko yemithambo yakho yentliziyo. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya oku.
| Uvavanyo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukulungiswa kweCatheterization yentliziyo (i-Angiogram) | Kudlula umbhobho omncinci ngemithambo yegazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kufakwe idayi ekhethekileyo, kuze kuthathwe i-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukuba umthambo wegazi uvaliwe na. |
| I-Coronary CT Angiogram (CCTA) | I-CT scan ekhethekileyo ithatha imifanekiso yemithambo yegazi yentliziyo enamacala amathathu (3D). |
| I-Ultrasound yeMithambo (IVUS) | Isixhobo esincinci sokuskena sidluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ingaphakathi lodonga lwemithambo yegazi liyahlolwa. |
| Ugcino lweMifudlana yeFractional (FFR) | Uxinzelelo olungaphakathi komthambo wegazi lulinganiswa ukuze kubonwe ukuba ingakanani na indlela igazi elivalekileyo ngenxa yokuvaleka kwawo. |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zokuvaleka kwe-LAD?
Ukuba kukho ukuvaleka okukhulu kwimithambo yegazi ye-LAD, oogqirha baya kuyinyanga ukuze bayivule kwakhona. Eyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yi -angioplasty kunye nokufakwa kwe-stent .
Okwenzekayo koku kukuba, njenge-angiogram, ityhubhu encinci idluliselwa kwimithambo yegazi iye kwindawo evalekileyo. Ngokufaka ibhaluni encinci ekupheleni kwetyhubhu, i-plaque evalekileyo icinezelwa eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi, yandisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwakhona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Angioplasty".
Emva koko, ukuze indawo ebanzi inganciphisi kwakhona, kufakwa umbhobho omncinci wesinyithi (i-stent) owenziwe njenge-mesh kuloo ndawo. Le "stent" igcina umthambo wegazi uvulekile. Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni olu nyango lwenziwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani xa kukho isifo sentliziyo, umonakalo entliziyweni ungancitshiswa.
Ndingayigcina njani intliziyo yam iphilile?
Bathi, “Ukuthintela kungcono kunonyango.” Ngoko ke, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza sonke ukukhusela intliziyo yethu kunye nemithambo yegazi ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke imeko enzima efana nale.
- Yamkela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo: Nciphisa ukutya kwakho i-cholesterol kunye nokutya okunamafutha (ukutya okuqhotsiweyo, ukutya okukhawulezayo, kunye nenyama enamafutha). Faka iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, iintlanzi ezincinci, kunye namandongomane ekutyeni kwakho.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza uhlobo oluthile lomthambo, njengokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile, ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku, iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki. Oku kuya kunceda ukulawula ubunzima bakho, i-cholesterol, kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi.
- Gcina ubunzima obusempilweni: Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni obuhambelana nobude bakho luncedo olukhulu kwintliziyo yakho.
- Yeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo: Ukuba uyatshaya, fumana uncedo lokuyeka namhlanje. Yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza ngentliziyo yakho.
- Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Kungcono ukuyeka ngokupheleleyo ukusela utywala.
- Lawula isifo seswekile kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, thatha amayeza akho njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele. Nciphisa ukutya ityuwa.
- Nciphisa uxinzelelo: Gcina impilo-ntle yengqondo ngezinto ezifana neyoga nokucamngca.
Ukwenza olu tshintsho kwindlela yokuphila kuya kunceda ukugcina umzimba wakho uphilile, kungekuphela nje kwimithambo yakho ye-LAD. Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yentliziyo yakho, ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Umthambo wegazi ohamba phambili osekhohlo (i-LAD) ngowona mthambo wegazi uphambili nobaluleke kakhulu ohambisa igazi entliziyweni yethu.
- Oku kuthinteleka kunokubangela isifo sentliziyo ("Widowmaker") esinokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye sibulale.
- Ungaze ungazihoyi iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba, ubunzima bokuphefumla, okanye ukubila kakhulu. Yingxamiseko yezonyango. Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
- Ungayikhusela intliziyo yakho ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukuphepha ukutshaya, nokulawula isifo seswekile/uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga nempilo yentliziyo yakho okanye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha wakho.
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