Masifunde ngakumbi ngeLeprosy okanye iHansen's Disease.

Xa uthi 'iqhenqa', mhlawumbi uyacaphuka kancinci, akunjalo? Ngaphambili, esi sifo sasisifo abantu ababesicalula kwaye besoyika xa besifumana. Kodwa eneneni, ngoku iqhenqa sisifo esinyangekayo ngokupheleleyo esingadluliselwa lula. Makhe sithethe ngoku ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Ngamafutshane, iqhenqa lusulelo lwebhaktheriya. Lunokuchaphazela kakhulu imithambo-luvo yakho, ulusu, amehlo, izihlunu kunye nenkqubo yokuphefumla . Ngamanye amaxesha lunokubangela utshintsho kumbala wolusu, ukungaziva, kunye nokukhubazeka okungapheliyo ukuba alunyangwa.

Ingaba iqhenqa lisekho emhlabeni?

Ewe, iqhenqa lisekho ehlabathini. Kubikwa amatyala amatsha amalunga namakhulu amabini amawaka minyaka le. Nangona kunjalo, kwamanye amazwe, umzekelo, kumazwe anjengeMelika, anqabile kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kumazwe aseAsia afana nelethu, amazwe aseAfrika naseMzantsi Melika, esi sifo sisabonakala. Ekubeni amatyala eqhenqa ebikwa ngamanye amaxesha eSri Lanka, kububulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungaqhelekanga eluswini lwakho.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sikaHansen?

Iimpawu zeqhenqa zibonakala kancinci kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokubonakala emva kweminyaka, kwanamashumi eminyaka, emva kokuba iintsholongwane zingene emzimbeni . Iimpawu eziphambili ezinokubonakala zezi:

• Iithegi zolusu: Ezi zahlukile kulusu oluqhelekileyo. Zisenokuba nombala omdaka (okhanyayo), obomvu, otyebileyo, odumbileyo, okanye ongenamandla . Imiphetho yezi thegi isenokubonakala iphakanyisiwe.
• Amaqhuqhuva abomvu okanye amfusa: Ulusu lusenokubonakala ngathi ngamaqhuqhuva okanye amaqhuqhuva kwiindawo ezithile.
• Amanxeba angenabuhlungu ezintendeni zeenyawo: Amanxeba angenabuhlungu anokubakho, ingakumbi ezintendeni zeenyawo. Oku kuyingozi kakhulu, kuba usenokungazi nokuba unenxeba, elinokudumba lize likhule libe likhulu.
• Iimithambo-luvo ezidumbileyo: Ezinye iimithambo-luvo zinokudumba zize zivakale zithambile xa zichukunyiswa.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukukhubazeka: Ubuthathaka bemisipha, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwamalungu omzimba (ukukhubazeka) kunokwenzeka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ziinwele ngamashiya okanye ngamashiya: Oku kukwaluphawu olufunyanwa ngabanye abantu.
• Iingxaki zokubona: Ukubona kunokuncipha kwaye kunokubakho nezinye iingxaki zamehlo.

Isifo seqhenqa sidluliselwa njani?

Iqhenqa libangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiMycobacterium leprae. Oogqirha abakaqiniseki ngokupheleleyo ukuba lisasazeka njani ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba lisasazeka ngamathontsi angena emoyeni xa umntu osulelekileyo ekhohlela okanye ethimla .

Ewe, iqhenqa sisifo esosulelayo. Kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba sisasazeke kunokuba ucinga. Ukuze ufumane iqhenqa, kufuneka unxibelelane ngokusondeleyo nomntu osulelekileyo kangangeenyanga . Kwakhona, uninzi lwamajoni omzimba abantu alwa nebhaktheriya aze ayilawule.Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa sele uqalile ukufumana unyango lweqhenqa, awuyi kukwazi ukusasaza esi sifo komnye umntu.

Ungakhathazeki! Iqhenqa alidluli lula. Nje ukuba linyangwe, ukudluliselwa kwalo kuyeka ngokupheleleyo.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba neqhenqa?

Abantu abahlala kwiindawo apho iqhenqa lixhaphake khona ngabona basengozini enkulu. Oku kuquka iindawo zaseAsia, eAfrika, naseMzantsi Melika. Amatyala eqhenqa nawo axelwa ngamanye amaxesha eSri Lanka, ngoko ke kububulumko ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho eluswini lwakho.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yeqhenqa?

Ukuba iqhenqa alinyangwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokubakho. Ezinye zezi zinokuba zezokuhlala zihleli:

• Ukukhubazeka okungapheliyo.
• Umonakalo ongapheliyo ezandleni nasezinyaweni: Oku kunokwenza kube nzima ukuzisebenzisa.
• Utshintsho oluhlala luhleli kwinkangeleko: Utshintsho ebusweni naselusu lunokwenzeka.
• Iminwe emifutshane: Iminwe yamalungu isenokuba mifutshane kwaye iguquguquke.
• Amanxeba angapholiyo: Amanxeba, ingakumbi lawo akwiindawo ezingasebenzi kakuhle, anokuhlala ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuphola.
• Ubumfama.
• Intlungu engapheliyo.

Yingakho sithi kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha uze uqale unyango ngokukhawuleza xa ubona iimpawu .

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani iqhenqa?

Ukuba uneempawu zeqhenqa, ugqirha uza kukuhlola. Ngokuyintloko ziza ku:

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Ulusu lwakho luza kuhlolwa ngononophelo, kwaye uza kuhlolwa ukuba awunazo na iimpawu zokungakhululeki kunye nokudumba kwemithambo-luvo.
• Ukuthathwa kwenxalenye encinci yesikhumba okanye imithambo-luvo (iBiopsy): Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, inxenye encinci yesikhumba (i-skin biopsy) ingathathwa ize ihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope. Ngamanye amaxesha inxenye yemithambo-luvo ingathathwa.
• Ezinye iimvavanyo: Uvavanyo lwegazi kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo nazo zinokwenziwa.

Ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zakho, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweqhenqa onalo. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili:

• Isifo sephepha/ Isifo sephepha esibizwa ngokuba yi-Paucibacillary lepera: Iimpawu zihlala zincinci kolu hlobo. Kukho amabala ambalwa akhanyayo okanye abomvu eluswini, ubuthathaka obuncinci bemisipha, kunye nokungaziva mnandi okumbalwa. Inani leebhaktheriya liphantsi kolu hlobo.
• Iqhenqa le-Lepromatous / Iqhenqa le-Multibacillary: Olu hlobo luneempawu ezininzi. Izilonda kunye namaqhuma anokuvela emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo-luvo, ulusu, kunye nezitho zangaphakathi zinokonakala. Oku kubangelwa linani elikhulu leebhaktheriya.
• Iqhenqa elisemdeni / Iqhenqa elingafaniyo: Eli lisenokuba nomxube weempawu ezivela kuzo zombini ezi ntlobo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.

Iphathwa njani iqhenqa?

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo yile: iqhenqa linokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo!Oogqirha basebenzisa indibaniselwano yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, unyango olubizwa ngokuba yiMultidrug Therapy (MDT), ukubulala iintsholongwane.

Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane aphambili anikiweyo zezi:

• `UDapsone`
• `I-Rifampin`
• `I-Clofazimine`

Kuya kufuneka usele eli yeza rhoqo kangangeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12 (malunga nonyaka) . Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphucuka, kufuneka ulisele eli yeza ixesha elipheleleyo elichazwe ngugqirha wakho. Akukho mfuneko yokuzahlula kwabanye abantu ngelixa ufumana unyango.

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokucebisa utyando lokususa amaqhuma eluswini kwaye luncede ekonakaleni kwemithambo-luvo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naziphi na izilonda zesikhumba, ukungakhululeki, okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko. Ugqirha wakho unokufumanisa ukuba sisifo seqhenqa okanye esinye isifo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kwenza unyango lube lula kwaye kunciphisa iingxaki.

Khawucinge nje, kukho umntu ogama linguNilanthi. Wabona indawo eguqulwe umbala, engacacanga esandleni sakhe. Akazange ayinake. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, ulusu olujikeleze indawo lwaqala ukujiya. Woyika waza waya kugqirha, kodwa wafumanisa ukuba yayikukuqala kweqhenqa. Ngethamsanqa, wafunyaniswa ukuba unesifo kwangethuba waza waphila ngokukhawuleza ngonyango.

Ngaba iqhenqa lingathintelwa?

Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, iqhenqa alidluli lula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba usondelelene nomntu onesifo seqhenqa (umzekelo, ohlala endlwini enye), ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uvavanywe kube kanye ngonyaka. Ngale ndlela, ukuba unentsholongwane, inokubonwa kwaye inyangwe ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ndineqhenqa?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe uneqhenqa, qalisa unyango ngoko nangoko. Okukhona uqala unyango ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuba ungabi neempawu eziqatha okanye ezingapheliyo ancipha. Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga iminyaka eliqela emva konyango.

Ii-antibiotics zinokunyanga usulelo. Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo kunye nokukhubazeka okubangelwe yiqhenqa kunokuba yinto engapheliyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, lo monakalo unokuba mbi nasemva kweminyaka emininzi yonyango. Yiyo loo nto ukufunyanwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubalulekile.

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila komntu oneqhenqa?

Ukuba unyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, umntu oneqhenqa elincinci unokulindela ukuphila ubomi obufanayo nomntu ophilileyo. Nangona kunjalo , ukuba akanyangwa ixesha elide, iqhenqa linokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu kwanokufa.

Ngaba zisekho iikoloni zabantu abaneqhenqa?

Ewe, ezinye iikoloni zeqhenqa zisekho. Ngaphambili, abantu babecinga ukuba izigulane zeqhenqa kufuneka zigcinwe zodwa kwabanye abantu ngenxa yokungaqondi kakuhle nokoyika isifo. Kodwa ngoku siyazi ukuba oko akuyonyani.Izigulane ezininzi ngoku zinyangwa ngaphandle kwesibhedlele, oko kukuthi, ekhaya. Kodwa abanye abantu basahlala kwezo ndawo, mhlawumbi ngenxa yehlazo lokungabandakanywa, okanye kuba ibilikhaya labo iminyaka emininzi.

ESri Lanka, bekukho izibhedlele zeqhenqa kwiindawo ezifana neHendala neManthivu. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa yokuba iindlela zonyango ziphucukile, ukuzihlukanisa okunjalo akusafuneki.

Ingaba iqhenqa sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo (STD)?

Hayi. Iqhenqa alilosulelo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Kukholelwa ukuba losulela ikakhulu inkqubo yokuphefumla.

Ngaba ii-armadillos zingasasaza iqhenqa?

Ewe, ezinye ii-armadillo ziyakwazi. Ezinye iintlobo zee-armadillo ezikumazantsi e-United States naseMexico zinokuthwala iintsholongwane zeqhenqa emizimbeni yazo zize ziyidlulisele ebantwini. Kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Ngaphambili, abantu babesoyika igama elithi iqhenqa kwaye bebaphepha abo banalo. Isizathu soku kukuba kwakungekho ukuqonda okufanelekileyo ngesi sifo ngelo xesha. Kodwa namhlanje siyazi ukuba yintoni ebangela iqhenqa, ukuba linokuphiliswa, kwaye alidluliselwa lula.

Okubuhlungu kukuba, abanye abantu basenembono ephosakeleyo ngesi sifo. Iingcali zempilo kwihlabathi liphela zihlala zisebenza ukuze zisuse eli gama libi kwaye zitshintshe indlela abantu abacinga ngayo ngeqhenqa.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali?

• Iqhenqa lusulelo olubangelwa yibhaktiriya, asilosifo esinzulu nesingaqondakaliyo.
• Oku kunganyangwa ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Multidrug Therapy (MDT)".
• Iqhenqa alidluliselwa lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Lifuna ukunxibelelana ngokusondeleyo ixesha elide.
• Wakuba uqalile ukufumana unyango, awusayi kukwazi ukosulela omnye umntu.
• Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezinjengokutshintsha kombala wolusu, ukuba ndindisholo, okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha. Ukuqatshelwa kwangoko kunokunciphisa iingxaki.
• Akukho sizathu sokubagxotha okanye ukoyika abantu abaneqhenqa. Badinga uthando lwethu, ububele, kunye nenkxaso.

Iqhenqa , isifo sikaHansen, izifo zolusu, umonakalo wemithambo-luvo, unyango, ukudluliselwa, iimpawu, iibhaktheriya, usulelo, ukungaziva, i-MDT