Xa uvavanywa igazi lakho ukuba awunayo i-cholesterol, mhlawumbi sele uwabonile amagama afana ne-LDL, i-HDL, kunye ne-triglycerides kwingxelo oyifumanayo, akunjalo? Sihlala sithetha "nge-cholesterol elungileyo" (i-HDL) kunye "ne-cholesterol embi" (i-LDL). Kodwa kukho enye engekho kuluhlu ekuthethwa ngayo ngumntu wonke, ifihliwe kancinci, kodwa inokuba nefuthe elikhulu kwimpilo yentliziyo. Yiyo leyo i-Lipoprotein (a) , okanye i-Lp(a) ngamafutshane. Kufana nemfihlo yosapho, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha singazi sinokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iLipoprotein (a)?
Kulungile, masiyibeke ngolu hlobo. I-Lipoprotein (a) luhlobo lwe-LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein), ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-"cholesterol embi." Kwenzeka ntoni xa i-LDL cholesterol isanda emzimbeni? Iqokelelana eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi yethu, yenze iiplaque ezifana nee-speed bumps endleleni. Kwizonyango, sibiza le plaque . Njengoko ezi speed bumps ziqokelelana, igazi liba nzima ukuhamba kakuhle. Ekugqibeleni, ezi zinokuvala imithambo yegazi ngokupheleleyo kwaye ziyeke ukuhamba kwegazi. Le yimbangela enkulu yokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
Ngoku, into ekhethekileyo nge-Lp(a) kukuba inzulu ngakumbi kune-LDL. Zimbini izizathu zaloo nto:
1. Amahlwili egazi ngokukhawuleza: Amasuntswana e-Lp(a) anceda igazi lethu ukuba liqhekeke ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo.
2. Ithintela ukunyibilika kwamahlwili egazi: Ikwathintela ukunyibilika kwehlwili legazi elenziweyo.
Khawucinge nje, umaleko we-cholesterol (i-plaque) uye wakhiwa ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ukuba loo maleko uyaqhuma ngenxa ye-Lp(a), kukho ithuba elikhulu lokuba ihlwili legazi liza kwakheka ngokukhawuleza lize livale ngokupheleleyo imithambo yegazi. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka silumke ngakumbi nge-Lp(a).
Ngaba i-Lp(a) level yinto evela kwiijini?
Ewe. Kulungile. Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwaye mhlawumbi ibuhlungu kancinci ngale nto. Inqanaba lakho le-Lp(a) limiselwa ziijini ozifumana kumama wakho nakutata wakho. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba uzilolonga kangakanani na okanye ulawula kakuhle ukutya kwakho, awunakulinciphisa kakhulu inqanaba lakho le-Lp(a). Inqanaba le-Lp(a) onalo xa usemncinci linokuba lelakho ubomi bakho bonke.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, oku akubangelwa yindlela esiphila ngayo. Yinto esiyizuz’ ilifa. Yiyo loo nto ukuba umntu kusapho lwakhe wayenesifo sentliziyo esemncinci, kufuneka sicinge ukuba unesifo sentliziyo (Lp(a).
Ndingalazi njani inqanaba lam le-Lp(a)?
Oku kunokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi olulula. Kodwa kukho into encinci apha. Uhlala ufumana uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol, olubizwa ngokuba yiLipid Profile.Enyanisweni, eli nqanaba le-Lp(a) alilinganiswa. Kufuneka lenziwe ngokwahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa ngokulicela. Ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ukuba uyalifuna na aze akuthumelele lona.
Kutheni ugqirha angacebisa olu vavanyo?
Ayinguye wonke umntu odinga olu vavanyo, kodwa ukuba unezinye izinto ezibangela ukuba ube sengozini yesifo sentliziyo, ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni ajonge oku.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Imbali yosapho | Ukuba omnye wezalamane zakho ezisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) ukhe waba nesifo sentliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi eselula (ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala kumadoda, ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala kubafazi). |
| Imeko ye-genetic ene-cholesterol ephezulu | Ukuba uneFamilial Hypercholesterolemia , imeko yemfuza ebangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol. Malunga nama-30% abantu abanale meko banamanqanaba aphezulu e-Lp(a). |
| Amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-LDL | Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL liphezulu kakhulu ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-cholesterol oluqhelekileyo. |
| Isifo sentliziyo esiphindaphindayo | Ukuba uhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi rhoqo nangona kufuneka unyango olufunekayo kunye notshintsho kwindlela ophila ngayo, i-Lp(a) isenokuba yimbangela. |
| Ukuba umntu kusapho une-Lp(a) ephezulu | Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye wavavanywa kwaye inqanaba lakhe le-Lp(a) liqinisekisiwe ukuba liphezulu. |
Amanqanaba e-Lp(a) kunye nentsingiselo yawo
Kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulinganisa amanqanaba e-Lp(a). Enye kukulinganisa ubunzima be-Lp(a) egazini. Amaxabiso anikwa ngee-milligrams nge-deciliter (mg/dL). Enye kukulinganisa inani lamasuntswana e-Lp(a) egazini. Amaxabiso anikwa ngee-nanomoles ngelitha (nmol/L). Kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho ukuba ingxelo yakho ikuziphi iiyunithi.
Ngokubanzi sihlela amaxabiso e-mg/dL ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
- Inqanaba eliqhelekileyo: Ngaphantsi kwe-30 mg/dL.
- Umngcipheko womda: Phakathi kwe-30 mg/dL kunye ne-50 mg/dL.
- Umngcipheko ophezulu: Ngaphezulu kwe-50 mg/dL.
Kwi-nmol/L, ixabiso elingaphezulu kwe-100 nmol/L lithathwa njengengozi ephezulu.
Inqanaba lakho eliphezulu le-Lp(a) lithetha ukuba usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana isifo sentliziyo nesifo semithambo yegazi, nokuba amanye amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol alungile.
Uphando lufumanise ukuba amanqanaba aphezulu e-Lp(a) anxulumene ngqo nezi zifo:
- Isifo sentliziyo
- Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo
- Istroke
- I-stenosis yevalvu ye-aortic
- Isifo semithambo yegazi ejikeleze umqolo (i-PAD)
Ngaba kukho iimpawu zamanqanaba aphezulu e-Lp(a)?
Hayi. Yiloo nto yoyikisayo leyo. Abantu abaninzi abanamazinga aphezulu e-Lp(a) ababonisi zimpawu. Abazi ukuba basengozini de kwenzeke into embi efana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Yiyo loo nto, ukuba unembali yesifo sentliziyo kusapho lwakho, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngaso kwangethuba kwaye uvavanywe ukuba kuyimfuneko.
Kulungile, ngoku singayinciphisa njani le Lp(a)?
Lo ngumbuzo wonke umntu anawo. Ukuba ndithetha inyani, okwangoku akukho chiza lithile elivunyiweyo ukuba lijolise kwaye linciphise amanqanaba e-Lp(a). Abaphandi baphuhlisa kwaye bavavanya amayeza amatsha amaninzi ngenxa yale njongo. Ngoko ke sinethemba lokuba isisombululo esilungileyo siya kufunyanwa kungekudala.
Usenokuba ucinga, "Ngoko ke, andinanto yokwenza ngoku?" Musa ukucinga njalo. Zininzi izinto ekufuneka zenziwe!
Nangona singenakukwazi ukwehlisa ngokuthe ngqo amanqanaba e-Lp(a), eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukulawula zonke ezinye izinto ezinyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba i-Lp(a) yeyona nto kuphela esinayo, kufana nokukhubaza zonke ezinye.
Izinto onokuzenza:
- Yeka ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo. Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yegazi.
- Zilolonge rhoqo. Yenza into efana nokuhamba okanye ukubaleka ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 iintsuku ezi-5 ngeveki.
- Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni.
- Zimisele ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo. Yitya ioyile encinci, ityuwa, neswekile, kodwa yitya imifuno emininzi, iziqhamo, imifuno, nokutya okunefayibha eninzi.
- Gcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye nesifo seswekile phantsi kolawulo. Sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wakho kwezi zinto kanye.
- Lawula amanqanaba e-cholesterol ye-LDL. Nangona kungenakwenzeka ukwehlisa i-Lp(a), amayeza anciphisa i-cholesterol ye-LDL, anjengee -statins okanye ii-PCSK9 inhibitors , anokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko.
- Lawula uxinzelelo.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwingozi yakho, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza anjenge -aspirin ukunciphisa ukujiya kwegazi.
Kwabo banamanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu e-Lp(a), ingakumbi abo bane-Familial Hypercholesterolemia, kukho unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi-Apheresis . Oku kufana ne-dialysis xa izintso zingasebenzi. Uqhagamshelwe kumatshini kwaye amasuntswana e-Lp(a) ahluzwa egazini. Nangona kunjalo, olu lunyango oluthatha iiyure ezininzi, olufuna ukwenziwa kube kanye okanye kabini ngeveki, kwaye lwenziwa kuphela kwizigulana ezikhethekileyo kakhulu.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Lipoprotein (a) okanye i-Lp(a) luhlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-cholesterol esilufumana kwi-genes zethu kwaye lonyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
- Oku akulingani ngovavanyo lwe-cholesterol oluqhelekileyo (Lipid Profile). Kufuna uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo .
- Amanqanaba e-Lp(a) awanakuncitshiswa kakhulu ngokutya okanye ukuzilolonga.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba nesifo sentliziyo emncinci , thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa kwenqanaba lakho le-Lp(a).
- Nokuba inqanaba lakho le-Lp(a) liphezulu, musa ukoyika. Ngokulawula zonke ezinye izinto ezinobungozi , ezinje ngoxinzelelo lwegazi, isifo seswekile, kunye ne-LDL cholesterol, unokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wakho wokuhlaselwa sisifo sentliziyo kunye nestroke.
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