Masifunde ngakumbi ngee-lipoprotein, ezenziwe ngamafutha kunye neeproteni.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba amafutha emizimbeni yethu (abizwa ngokuba ngamafutha xa sithetha) ahamba njani ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye? Ii-lipoproteins ziinxalenye ezikhethekileyo ezinceda koku. Ngamafutshane, zifana nezithuthi ezincinci ezithwala izinto ezifana namafutha kunye ne-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu ukuya apho kufuneka zibe khona ngegazi. Zihamba ngemithambo yegazi yethu. Ezinye ii-lipoproteins zilungile kakhulu entliziyweni yethu, kodwa ezinye zinokubangela ingxaki encinci. Ngoko ke, masithethe ngezi lipoproteins ngendlela elula nethe ngqo, njengayo yonke enye into.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides?

Ngaphambi kokuba sithethe ngee-lipoproteins, masiqonde kancinci ngala magama mabini: i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides. Zombini ngamafutha afana ne-wax afumaneka egazini lethu. Kodwa indlela imizimba yethu ewenza kwaye iwasebenzisa ngayo yahlukile kancinci.

• I-Cholesterol: Uninzi lwexesha, i-cholesterol yenziwa esibindini sethu. Sikwafumana i-cholesterol kwezinye zokutya esikutyayo, ingakumbi amafutha ezilwanyana, inyama, intlanzi, kunye neemveliso zobisi. Le cholesterol ayibi nje kuphela emizimbeni yethu. Le cholesterol inceda ekwenzeni i-vitamin D, kunye neehomoni ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-estrogen, i-testosterone, kunye ne-cortisol . Ayipheleli apho, ikwabalulekile ekwenzeni iiseli kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.

• IiTriglycerides: Ezi zenziwa sisibindi namathumbu ethu kwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya. Xa sitya ukutya okuninzi okunamafutha, okuneekhalori eziphezulu, imizimba yethu yenza iitriglycerides ezingaphezulu. Iitriglycerides ezongezelelweyo esizenzayo zigcinwa kwiiseli zethu zamafutha. Kamva, xa umzimba ufuna amandla, ezi triglycerides zigciniweyo ziyakhutshwa ziye egazini.

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba yintoni i-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides kunye nokuba zibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba xa ziphezulu kakhulu.

Ziziphi iintlobo zee-lipoproteins ezikhoyo?

Kukho iintlobo ezintlanu eziphambili zee-lipoprotein emizimbeni yethu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

• Ii-lipoprotein ezixineneyo (i-HDL): Oku sikubiza ngokuba "yi-cholesterol elungileyo." I-HDL inceda ekuthwaleni i-cholesterol egqithisileyo ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya esibindini, apho ikhutshwa khona. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-HDL anciphisa umngcipheko wethu wokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Kufana nomhlobo kuthi.

• Ii-lipoprotein eziphantsi (i-LDL): Le yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi- "cholesterol embi"Ibizwa ngokuba yi. Amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL andisa umngcipheko wokufumana izifo ezifana nesifo semithambo yegazi, ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo, kunye nesifo sohlangothi. I-LDL ithwala i-cholesterol kwaye iyibeke kwimithambo yegazi yethu. Xa ibekwe ngale ndlela, iba njengothuli kumbhobho, inciphisa indawo ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ithintele ukuhamba kwegazi. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis .

• Ii-lipoproteins eziphantsi kakhulu (VLDL): Olu lolunye uhlobo "lwe-cholesterol embi." I-VLDL ithwala ikakhulu ii-triglycerides kwizicwili zethu. Ikwanceda ekuthuthweni kwe-cholesterol ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.

• Ii-lipoproteins ezixineneyo (i-IDL): Ezi zenziwa emva kokuba i-VLDL isusiwe ezinye zee-fatty acids zayo. Ezi IDL emva koko zisuswa sisibindi okanye ziguqulwe zibe yi-LDL.

• IiChylomicrons: Ezi zezona nxalenye zinkulu zee-lipoprotein. Zikwathutha nee-triglycerides.

Uyabona, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zee-lipoproteins, kwaye zenza izinto ezahlukeneyo.

Yintoni i-lipoprotein (a) okanye i-LP (a)?

Le ikhethekile kancinci. I-Lipoprotein (a) okanye i-LP(a) ikwaluhlobo olufanayo lwe-LDL, "i-cholesterol embi" esithethe ngayo. Kodwa le ikhethekile. Enye iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-apolipoprotein (a) okanye i-apo(a) ijikelezwe yile nxalenye ye-LDL. Le apo(a) yenza i-LDL ibe "ncamathelayo" kancinci. Ke ngoko, le LP(a) inokufumaneka lula kwimithambo yegazi, nto leyo enyusa umngcipheko weengxaki zentliziyo. Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-LP(a) yeyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba kubekho i-atherosclerosis.

Nangona ukutya kwethu nendlela esiphila ngayo zinokuchaphazela amanye amanqanaba e-HDL kunye ne-LDL, amanqanaba ethu e-LP(a) axhomekeke kakhulu kwiijini zethu. Abanye abantu banamanqanaba aphezulu e-LP(a) ngenxa yotshintsho lwezakhi zofuzo. Abantu abanjalo basengozini enkulu yokufumana isifo sentliziyo besebancinci.

Yintoni uvavanyo lwegazi lweLipid Panel?

Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ukucele ukuba ube "neprofayili ye-lipid." Yiloo nto olu vavanyo lwegazi lwe-lipid panel lubizwa ngayo. Lulinganisa i-cholesterol iyonke egazini lakho. Lukwalinganisa amanqanaba e-HDL, i-LDL, kunye ne-triglycerides, kunye ne-cholesterol yakho iyonke.

Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olulula kakhulu. Luthatha imizuzu engaphantsi kwemihlanu. Ungenza uvavanyo lwegazi eofisini kagqirha wakho, kwilebhu, okanye esibhedlele. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezilungileyo, kufuneka uzile ukutya iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ngaphambi kokuba wenze olu vavanyo lwegazi.Oko kuthetha ukuba awuyi kutya okanye usele nantoni na. Ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza owasebenzisayo okwethutyana. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha ngokuchanekileyo.

Ivavanywa njani kwaye nini i-lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Ngokwesiqhelo, ayinguye wonke umntu ojonga inqanaba le-LP(a) lakhe. Kuphela xa ugqirha wakho ekucelile oko, apho baya kujonga inqanaba le-LP(a) kunye nephaneli ye-lipid.

Olu vavanyo ludla ngokucetyiswa kuphela kubantu abaneempawu ezithile ezibangela isifo sentliziyo. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukuba ukhe waba neengxaki zentliziyo ngaphambili.
• Ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi izalamane zakho ezikwinqanaba lokuqala (abazali, abantakwenu noodadewabo), oye waba nesifo sentliziyo esemncinci.
• Ukuba inqanaba lakho le-LDL liphezulu ngokungaqhelekanga.
• Ukuba unezinto ezinokubangela i-hypercholesterolemia yosapho , imeko yemfuza ebangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL.

Ibaluleke ngantoni le ngxaki yovavanyo lwegazi olunamafutha?

I-cholesterol ephezulu ayisoloko ibangela zimpawu, ngoko ke ukwenza olu vavanyo lwegazi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuchonga iingxaki ze-cholesterol ezinokuchaphazela intliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo lwegazi olunamafutha kwizinto ezifana nezi:

• Uvavanyo: Oku kungenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwakho lwezonyango lonyaka. Oku kunokukunceda ubone ukuba usengozini enkulu yokuba nesifo sentliziyo. Wakuba wazi ukuba usengozini enkulu, ungathatha amanyathelo okuthintela iimeko ezinzulu ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye nestroke.
• Uxilongo: Olu vavanyo lwegazi lwe-cholesterol lukwanceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezifana ne -atherosclerosis .
• Ukubeka iliso: Ezi ziphumo zovavanyo zinokukunceda ubone ukuba amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol aya esiba mandundu, adinga unyango, okanye asabela kakuhle kunyango.

Kufuneka zenziwe kangaphi ezi mvavanyo ze-lipoprotein?

Kuqhelekile ukuba amanqanaba e-lipoprotein kunye ne-cholesterol iyonke anyuke ngokukhula. Njengoko umngcipheko wakho usanda, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uvavanywe rhoqo.

Ezi zilandelayo zihlala zicetyiswa xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lwegazi olunamafutha:

• Kumadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 ubudala.
• I-atherosclerosis ixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda aphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-35 ubudala nakubasetyhini abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-45 ubudala.
• Kubantwana, kungcono ukwenza olu vavanyo kube kanye phakathi kweminyaka eli-9 neli-11, uze uphinde ubhale phakathi kweminyaka eli-17 neli-21.

Zithini ii-lipoproteins ezisempilweni?

Iilebhu zilinganisa i-cholesterol kunye nee-lipoproteins ngee-milligrams nge-deciliter nganye (mg/dL). Iindlela ezisetyenziswa yilebhu nganye zinokuhluka. Oku kuthetha ukuba iziphumo ezivela kwisampulu yegazi efanayo zinokuhluka kancinci kwilebhu nganye. Nanini na xa kunokwenzeka, ugqirha wakho uya kufuna ukusebenzisa ilebhu efanayo ukujonga amanqanaba akho.

Amanqanaba aphilileyo e-HDL, i-LDL, i-triglycerides, kunye ne-cholesterol iyonke ayahluka ngokweminyaka kunye nesini. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanqanaba anempilo akulungeleyo. Ngokubanzi, ukuba awunazo ezinye izinto ezinobungozi, la maxabiso athathwa njengaphilileyo:

• I-cholesterol iyonke: 100-199 mg/dL kwabo baneminyaka engaphezu kwama-21 ubudala; 75-169 mg/dL kwabo baneminyaka engama-20 ubudala nangaphantsi.
• I-HDL (i-cholesterol elungileyo): 45 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu. (I-55 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu ingcono kwabasetyhini, i-45 mg/dL okanye ngaphezulu kwamadoda)
• I-LDL (i-cholesterol embi): ngaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL.
• Iitriglycerides: Ngaphantsi kwe-150 mg/dL.

Iphaneli ye-lipid ayinakulinganisa ngokuthe ngqo amanqanaba e-VLDL, kwaye akukho vavanyo luthile lwayo. Endaweni yoko, iilabhoratri ziqikelela amanqanaba akho e-VLDL ngokwahlula i-triglycerides yakho ngesihlanu. Amanqanaba e-VLDL aphilileyo kufuneka abe ngaphantsi kwe-30 mg/dL. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ayisoloko ichanekile ukuba i-triglycerides yakho iphezulu kakhulu.

Lithini ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-lipoprotein (a) [LP(a)]?

Amanqanaba e-LP(a) axelwa kwi-mg/dL okanye kwi-nanomoles ngelitha (nmol/L). Ixabiso elingaphezulu kwe-50 mg/dL okanye i-75 nmol/L lithathwa njengeliphezulu, kwaye landisa umngcipheko weemeko ezifana ne-atherosclerosis, uhlaselo lwentliziyo, kunye ne -stroke .

Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokwanda kwe-cholesterol embi (LDL)?

Abafazi abasele beyekile ukuya exesheni kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-40 basengozini enkulu yokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL. Nangona kunjalo, nabantwana abancinci banokuba neengxaki ze-cholesterol. Njengoko ukhula, imetabolism yakho iyacotha, kwaye isibindi sakho asikwazi ukususa i-cholesterol embi emzimbeni wakho.

Uhlanga kunye nohlanga nazo zidlala indima. Abantu baseAsia baseMelika banamathuba amaninzi okuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL, ngelixa abantu abamhlophe banamathuba amaninzi okuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol iyonke.

Ezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko wokunyuka kwamanqanaba e-LDL ziquka:

• Ukutya okuneekhalori ezininzi, amafutha agcweleyo, kunye ne-cholesterol. (Kufuneka sicinge kancinci ngokutya okunamafutha nokuqhotsiweyo esikutyayo.)
• Iimeko ezifana nesifo seswekile kunye nesifo sezintso.
• Imbali yosapho ene-cholesterol ephezulu.
• Ukusela kakhulu nokutshaya.
• Amayeza afana ne-corticosteroids kunye namanye amayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye ne-HIV/AIDS.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu (Ukutyeba kakhulu).

Indlela yokunyanga amanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL?

Abantu abanamanqanaba aphezulu e-LDL, okubabeka emngciphekweni omkhulu wesifo sentliziyo kunye nesifo sohlangothi, badla ngokufuna amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol, anjenge -statins, i-ezetimibe, kunye ne-PCSK9 inhibitors . Ungaphucula la manqanaba ngokwenza utshintsho kwindlela otya ngayo kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuphucula amanqanaba e-lipoprotein?

Ukwenza utshintsho oluthile kwindlela otya ngayo nendlela ophila ngayo kunokunceda ukunciphisa i-cholesterol embi (LDL) yakho kunye nokunyusa i-cholesterol yakho elungileyo (HDL). La manyathelo anokunceda:

• Zilolonge umzimba ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki (oko kukuthi malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngosuku). Nokuba uhamba kancinci okanye uzilolonge umzimba kulungile.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nentliziyo. Oko kuthetha ukutya ukutya okunamafutha aphantsi angenampilo, iiswekile ezilula (iicarbohydrate), kunye nefayibha eninzi.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nesifo seswekile.
• Lala kamnandi.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni. Ukuba utyebile kakhulu, ukunciphisa umzimba wakho nge-5% ukuya kwi-10% kunokuphucula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol.
• Fumana iindlela eziphilileyo zokulawula uxinzelelo.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Cela uncedo lokuyeka ukutshaya (i-nicotine inyusa amanqanaba e-LDL kwaye yehlise amanqanaba e-HDL).

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngee-lipoproteins namhlanje, akunjalo? Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ii-lipoproteins zifana nezithuthi ezithutha amafutha kunye ne-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu.
• I-HDL "yi-cholesterol elungileyo," enceda ukususa i-cholesterol egqithisileyo emzimbeni.
• I-LDL "yi-cholesterol embi." Ukuba iyanda, inokuqokelelwa kwimithambo yegazi kwaye ibangele isifo sentliziyo.
• I-LP(a) lolunye uhlobo lwe-cholesterol embi "enamathelayo", ekwanyusa umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.
• Izinto ezifana nendlela ophila ngayo, ukutya okutyayo, kunye nokuzilolonga zinokuba nefuthe elikhulu kumanqanaba akho e-lipoprotein.
• Ngamanye amaxesha amayeza (afana ne-"Statins") anokufuneka ukuze kwehliswe amanqanaba e-LDL kunye ne-LP(a) kwaye kwandiswe amanqanaba e-HDL.
• Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukufumana uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze uhlale unolwazi malunga namanqanaba akho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda ugcine intliziyo yakho iphilile!

ii- lipoprotein, i-cholesterol, ii-triglycerides, i-HDL, i-LDL, i-VLDL, isifo sentliziyo, i-lipid panel, i-atherosclerosis, i-LP(a), i-cholesterol