Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba i-mole eluswini lwakho iye yanda yaza yatshintsha umbala? Okanye ngaba wakha waphawula ngequbuliso indawo entsha emnyama engazange ibekho ngaphambili? Uninzi lwexesha, la ngamabala nje aqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga, olu tshintsho luncinci lunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwesifo esiyingozi esingafanele silutyeshele. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esibaluleke kakhulu. Loo nto yi-melanoma, uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Ukuba sinolwazi olufanelekileyo ngale nto, sinokuzikhusela kuyo kwaye siyiqaphele kwangethuba kwaye siyinyange.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-melanoma?
I-Melanoma ithathwa njengolona hlobo lomhlaza wolusu oluyingozi nolunzima . Ithetha "ithumba elimnyama." Lo mhlaza uvela kwiiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi-melanocytes, eziziiseli ezinika ulusu lwethu umbala walo. Ezi seli zivelisa umbala obizwa ngokuba yi-melanin. Ngulo mbala omelanin omisela umbala wolusu lwethu, iinwele kunye namehlo ethu.
I-Melanoma idla ngokubonakala imnyama okanye imdaka, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha inokuvela ipinki, ibomvu, imfusa, okanye inombala wesikhumba.
Khawucinge nje, malunga nama-30% ee-melanomas zikhula ngenxa yophawu lokuzalwa esinalo emizimbeni yethu. Oko kuthetha ukuba uphawu lokuzalwa luba ngumhlaza. Kodwa okuyingozi ngakumbi kukuba ama-70% ee-melanomas zikhula ngenxa yophawu olutsha eluswini oluqhelekileyo olungazange lube nophawu lokuzalwa ngaphambili. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka silumke kakhulu ngee-moles ezintsha emizimbeni yethu.
Lo mhlaza ungakhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye usasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba (i-metastasis). Ngoko ke, ukufunyanwa kwangoko kunokuba ngumahluko phakathi kobomi nokufa. Kodwa iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba ukuba ufunyenwe kwangoko, unokunyangeka kwi-99% yamatyala .
Ixhaphake kangakanani i-melanoma? Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Nangona i-melanoma ibangela i-1% kuphela yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wolusu ezixeliweyo kwihlabathi liphela, yiyo ebangela inani elikhulu lokufa ngenxa yomhlaza wolusu. Ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaselula abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-30 ubudala, kwaye ixhaphake kakhulu kubasetyhini abaselula .
Inani lamatyala e-melanoma liye landa kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela kwiminyaka engama-30 edlulileyo. Isizathu esiphambili soku sichongiwe kukuvezwa okukhulu kwimitha ye-ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni. Sihlala kwilizwe elinelanga elinamandla njengelethu, sifanele sicinge kabini ngale nto.
I-Melanoma ingakhula naphi na emzimbeni wakho. Ingakhula ngaphakathi emehlweni okanye nakwizitho zangaphakathi. Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okuyifumana esifubeni, esiswini, nakumntla womqolo (umzimba), ngelixa abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo emilenzeni.
Ungayibona njani i-melanoma? Khumbula umthetho othi "ABCDE"!
Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela oku kwangethuba. Kukho indlela elula kakhulu yokusinceda ngaloo nto. Ibizwa ngokuba ngumthetho othi "ABCDE" . Soloko ujonga ukuba kukho ii-moles okanye ii-birthmarks kulusu lwakho ezibonisa ezi mpawu.
| Ileta | Intsingiselo | Oko kufuneka ukuqaphele |
|---|---|---|
| A - Ukungalingani | Ukungalingani | Ukuba ulwahlulahlula phakathi, elinye icala alifani nelinye. Imilo ayiqhelekanga. |
| B - Umda | Umphetho | Umphetho we-mole awucaci. Urhabaxa, unamaqhubu, okanye ubonakala ngathi ungene ngaphakathi kwiindawo ezithile. |
| C - Umbala | Umbala | Eli bala alifani yonke imibala. Lifana nomxube wemibala efana nomdaka, omnyama, ongwevu, obomvu, nomhlophe. |
| D - Ububanzi | Ububanzi | Ububanzi bendawo bungaphezulu kweemilimitha ezi-6 (malunga nobukhulu berabha kwelinye icala lepensile). |
| E - Ukuguquka | Utshintsho | I-mole iyatshintsha ngobukhulu, imilo, okanye umbala ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kusebenza nakwii-mole ezisandula kuvela. |
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ezinye ii-melanomas azihambelani nalo mthetho "we-ABCDE". Ngoko ke, xelela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ubona isilonda esingapholiyo, iqhuma elingaqhelekanga, okanye naluphi na utshintsho kulusu lwakho okanye uphawu lokuzalwa.
Enye into "luphawu lwedada elibi." Oko kukuthi, ukuba unebala emzimbeni wakho elibonakala lahlukile kwamanye amabala emzimbeni wakho, libonakala lisikiwe, kwaye likwenza ucinge, "Eli lahlukile kwamanye," kubaluleke kakhulu ukubonisa loo nto kugqirha.
Kutheni i-melanoma ikhula? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Iingcali ezininzi ziyavuma ukuba eyona nto iphambili ebangela i-melanoma kukuvezwa kakhulu lilanga , ingakumbi xa usengumntwana, kude kufikelelwe kwinqanaba lokutsha lilanga nokudumba. Ngokweengxelo, i-86% yee-melanomas zibangelwa yimitha yelanga ye-UV.
Ngamafutshane, imisebe ye-UV inokonakalisa i-DNA kwiiseli zethu zolusu. Umhlaza uvela xa iiseli ezine-DNA eyonakeleyo ziqala ukwahlukana. I-World Health Organisation ikwahlukanise imisebe ye-UV evela kwiibhedi zokutshisa ilanga njenge-carcinogen.
Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-melanoma, abantu abalandelayo basengozini enkulu:
- Kwabo babekhe baba ne-melanoma ngaphambili.
- Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho (umama, utata, abantakwabo noodadewabo) oye waba ne-melanoma.
- Kwabo banesikhumba esimhlophe kakhulu, amabala amdaka, iinwele ezimhlophe okanye ezibomvu, namehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka .
- Kwabo bachaphazeleka kakhulu lilanga, ingakumbi abo batshiswe lilanga.
- Kwabo bahlala kufutshane ne-ikhweyitha okanye kwiindawo eziphakamileyo (ukuvezwa kakhulu kwimitha ye-UV).
- Kubantu abaneempawu zokuzalwa ezininzi emizimbeni yabo, ingakumbi abo banemilo engaqhelekanga (engaqhelekanga).
- Kwabo baneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abo bafakelwe amalungu omzimba).
Kubalulekile: I-Melanoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esikhanyayo, kodwa inokubakho nakubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama. I-Melanoma ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abanesikhumba esimnyama ezintendeni, ezinyaweni nasezinzipho. Ngoko ke lumka kwezi ndawo.
Ugqirha uyifumanisa njani i-melanoma?
Ukuba une-mole ekrokrisayo, ugqirha wakho uza kuqala ayihlole ngononophelo. Emva koko, ukuba bafuna ukuqinisekisa ngakumbi ukuba kukho ikrokri, baza kuyisusa inxalenye okanye yonke i-mole ngenkqubo encinci yotyando baze bayithumele kwilebhu ukuze ivavanywe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-biopsy . Le yindlela abayijonga ngayo phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze babone ukuba inazo na iiseli zomhlaza.
Ukuba i-biopsy iqinisekisa ukuba yi-melanoma, inyathelo elilandelayo kukufumanisa ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye unzulu kangakanani. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-staging . Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekucwangciseni unyango. Ubukhulu bomhlaza yeyona nto ibalulekileyo ekuqikeleleni isiphumo.
Amanqanaba aphambili e-melanoma ahlulwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:
| Inqanaba lomhlaza | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba 0 | Umhlaza ukwindawo ephezulu yolusu (i-epidermis). Awukasasazeki. |
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Umhlaza onobungozi obuphantsi. Akukho bungqina bokusasazeka kwawo. Unokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngotyando. |
| Isigaba II | Umngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye uphezulu kancinci, kodwa akukho bungqina bokuba usasazekile okwangoku. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane okanye kulusu olujikelezileyo. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | Umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude ze-lymph nodes, ulusu, okanye amalungu angaphakathi (imiphunga, isibindi, ubuchopho). |
Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukuze kufunyaniswe ithuba?
Oogqirha banokucebisa ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na.
- I-Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lokujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes.
- Iskeni ye-CT (i-Computed Tomography - i-CT scan):Jonga umhlaza kwizitho zangaphakathi zomzimba.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging - MRI scan): Ukujonga iithumba ezinomhlaza engqondweni okanye emgogodleni.
- I-PET scan (i-Positron Emission Tomography - i-PET scan): Ukubona ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ukulinganisa izinto ezithile egazini (umz. i-LDH - i-Lactate Dehydrogenase) kunokunika umbono wesimo somhlaza.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-melanoma?
Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kwinqanaba lomhlaza wakho kunye nempilo yakho iyonke.
Unyango oluphambili kumanqanaba okuqala kukususa ngokupheleleyo umhlaza ngotyando. Oku kuquka ukusika indawo enomhlaza kunye nendawo encinci yolusu oluphilileyo olujikeleze yona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, le yinkqubo elula enokwenziwa eofisini yogqirha wesikhumba phantsi kwe-anesthesia.
Kwiimeko eziphambili apho umhlaza usasazeke khona, kunokufuneka olunye unyango ukongeza kutyando.
- Ukususwa kwe-lymphadenectomy: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph nodes, ezo ndawo ze-lymph nodes ziyasuswa ngotyando.
- Unyango lomhlaza olujoliswe kulo: Ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza akhethekileyo ahlasela iiseli zomhlaza kuphela. La mayeza awanabungozi kwiiseli eziphilileyo.
- Unyango lweMisebe: Ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza kusetyenziswa imisebe enamandla aphezulu.
- Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Ukuvuselela amasosha omzimba wethu ukuze alwe nomhlaza.
Ungazikhusela njani kwi-melanoma?
Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kulo mhlaza uyingozi.
- Kuphephe ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla, ingakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-10 kusasa ne-4 emva kwemini, kwaye uhlale emthunzini kangangoko unako.
- Faka i-sunscreen. Sebenzisa i-broad-spectrum (ekhusela kwi-UVA kunye ne-UVB) ye-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 nangaphezulu nanini na xa uphuma ngaphandle, nokuba kumnyama. Phinda ufake i-1.5 yeeyure. Phinda ufake i-sunscreen rhoqo ukuba uyabila okanye uyadada.
- Nxiba impahla yokuzikhusela. Nxiba iminqwazi ebanzi, iiglasi zelanga, impahla enemikhono emide, kunye neebhulukhwe ezinde.
- Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo iibhedi zokutshisa ilanga.
- Sebenzisa i-lip balm equlethe i-sunscreen kwimilebe yakho.
- Faka i-sunscreen kubantwana abangaphezu kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Melanoma lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu lomhlaza wolusu, kodwa ukuba ifunyenwe kwangethuba, inganyangeka ngama-99%.
- Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo. Qaphela naluphi na utshintsho kubungakanani, imo, okanye umbala we-mole okanye indawo entsha. Khumbula umthetho othi "ABCDE".
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela i-melanoma kukuzikhusela kwimitha yelanga. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen yonke imihla.
- Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho olungathandabuzekiyo eluswini lwakho, musa ukulutyeshela. Musa ukoyika. Bonana nogqirha wosapho lwakho ngokukhawuleza kwaye uhlolwe. Ukufunyanwa kwangethuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela.
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