Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'Melioidosis'? Eli gama lisenokuvakala lingaqhelekanga. Kodwa esi sisifo esifanele siqwalaselwe kumazwe afana nelethu apho kukho ubushushu obuninzi kunye nokufuma, ingakumbi kwabo bachaphazeleka ngumhlaba namanzi. Ngoko ke akukho nto yokoyika, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Yintoni iMelioidosis?
Ngamafutshane, i-melioidosis sisifo esibangelwa yibhaktheriya . Ibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiBurkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei). Idluliselwa kuthi ngokudibana ngqo nomhlaba okanye amanzi angcolileyo aqulethe le bhaktheriya. Iimpawu ozibonisayo zinokuhluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kwindlela osuleleke ngayo kwaye nokuba unezinye izifo ezifihlakeleyo.
Esi sifo sinokuchaphazela abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, asidluliselwa kwizilwanyana siye ebantwini . Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba esi sifo ngamanye amaxesha sibizwa ngokuba "sisifo sikaWhitmore".
Iphi iMelioidosis exhaphake kakhulu?
Ibhaktheriya ethi `B. pseudomallei` ixhaphake kakhulu kwimithombo yomhlaba namanzi kumantla e-Australia nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia - ingakumbi amazwe angabamelwane bethu afana neThailand, iSingapore, neMalaysia. Nangona kunjalo, ezi zigulana zikwabikwe nakwezinye iindawo zehlabathi.
Khawucinge nje, le bhaktiriya yafunyanwa kwindawo engaselunxwemeni lwaseMississippi, e-USA, ngo-2022. Kwakhona, ngo-2021, le bhaktiriya yafunyanwa kwinto ethile kwi-aromatherapy spray, kwaye abantu abaninzi baye bavelisa esi sifo kuyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba le bhaktiriya inokufumaneka kwiindawo ezingalindelekanga.
Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yiMelioidosis?
Kwiindawo apho le ntsholongwane ixhaphake khona, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala abaneengxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 nama-60. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-15 ubudala abafane bachaphazeleke sesi sifo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-melioidosis?
Usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana esi sifo ukuba uhlala okanye usebenza kwindawo apho iintsholongwane ze-B. pseudomallei zixhaphake khona, kwaye ukuba unezinye zezi meko zempilo zilandelayo:
- Isifo seswekile : Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo.
- Ingxaki yokusebenzisa utywala
- Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo
- Izifo zemiphunga ezingapheliyo : Umzekelo, `(Cystic fibrosis)` okanye `(COPD)`.
- Umhlaza okanye ezinye izifo ezenza buthathaka amajoni omzimba : Nangona kunjalo, ukosuleleka yi-HIV akubonakali ngathi kuyandisa umngcipheko we-melioidosis.
- I-Thalassemia
Kwakhona, kwiindawo apho intsholongwane ethi `B. pseudomallei` ixhaphake khonaAbantu abenza imisebenzi okanye izinto zokuzonwabisa ezibandakanya ukudibana rhoqo nomhlaba namanzi angaphezulu komhlaba, njengokulima igadi, ukulima igadi, kunye nokulima, nabo basengozini enkulu. Khawucinge nje, uMalume uKamal, onesifo seswekile kwilali yethu, usebenza emasimini, kwaye uhlala engena emanzini anodaka. Kufuneka alumke ngolu hlobo lwesifo.
Zithini iimpawu zeMelioidosis?
Iimpawu ozifumanayo ziya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni wakho intsholongwane. Usenokuba neempawu emiphungeni yakho, eluswini, egazini, okanye kwiindawo ezininzi ngaxeshanye.
Iimpawu ze-melioidosis yemiphunga (i-Pulmonary melioidosis)
Ukuba unentsholongwane emiphungeni yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:
- Ukukhwehlela
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Ifiva
- Umnqweno wokutya
- Intloko ebuhlungu
Iimpawu zeMelioidosis kulusu lwakho (ezifumaneka kwindawo ethile)
Ukuba sisifo solusu, ungabona izinto ezifana nezi:
- Amanxeba, izilonda, okanye amathumba
- Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo
- Ifiva
Iimpawu zeMelioidosis egazini lakho
Ngamanye amaxesha, kunye neempawu zosulelo eluswini okanye emiphungeni, kunokubakho neempawu zosulelo egazini (septicemia). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yityhefu egazini. Iimpawu zezi:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu
- Ukudinwa/ukudinwa kakhulu
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla/ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo
- Intlungu yesisu
- Intlungu yamalungu
- Utshintsho lwengqondo olufana nokudideka kunye nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo
Iimpawu ze-melioidosis engapheliyo (esasazwayo)
Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokuhlala iinyanga ezimbini nangaphezulu . Ngeli xesha, intsholongwane ye-B. pseudomallei inokusasazeka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba. Iimpawu zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo
- Ifiva
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukubila ebusuku
- Ukukhohlela igazi
- Intlungu yesisu okanye yesifuba
- Intlungu yemisipha okanye yamalungu
- Intloko ebuhlungu
- Iimeko zokuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
Emva kokuba kudlule ixesha elingakanani iimpawu zibonakala emva kokuba kufunyenwe le ntsholongwane?
Kubantu abaninzi, iimpawu zibonakala kwiiveki enye ukuya kwezine emva kokuba bevezwe kwintsholongwane. Oku kubizwa ngokuba lixesha lokufukama. Kodwa okumangalisayo kukuba, abanye abantu banokuba neempawu kwiinyanga, kwaneminyaka, emva kokuba bevezwe kwintsholongwane. Ngoko ke kunzima kancinci.
Yintoni ebangela i-melioidosis?
Unobangela woku, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-'B. pseudomallei'. Ihlala emanzini angaphezulu (amachibi, imilambo, amachibi) kunye nomhlaba. Le ntsholongwane ixhaphake kakhulu kwimimandla eshushu okanye eshushu.
Abantu bafumana njani i-melioidosis?
Esi sifo usifumana ngokudibana ngqo nomhlaba okanye amanzi angcoliswe yintsholongwane ethi `B. pseudomallei`. Zininzi iindlela le ntsholongwane enokungena ngazo emzimbeni wakho:
- Ngenxeba eluswini lwakho, njengokusikwa okanye ukukrweleka.
- Ukuphefumla : Oku kuthetha ukuba le ntsholongwane inokungena kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla kunye namasuntswana othuli emhlabeni.
- Ukufuthwa kwamanzi angcolileyo emiphungeni : Oku kunokwenzeka xa usebenza emanzini okanye uhlamba.
- Ngokusela okanye ngokuginya amanzi angcolileyo.
Usulelo lwe-B. pseudomallei luxhaphake kakhulu ngexesha lemvula, ingakumbi emva kwemvula enkulu, kuba ngelo xesha iintsholongwane ezisemhlabeni ziza phezu komhlaba zingene kwimithombo yamanzi.
Ngaba iMelioidosis inokudluliselwa ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye?
Le yingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo. I-Melioidosis ayifumaneki lula ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye. Eyona ndlela iphambili yosulelo kukudibana nomhlaba okanye amanzi angcolileyo. Ngoko ke ungoyiki ngokungeyomfuneko.
Ifunyanwa njani iMelioidosis?
Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, akuhlole, aze emva koko athathe iisampulu zegazi lakho okanye ezinye izinto ezikulwelo lomzimba ukuze avavanye. Basenokubuza nangomsebenzi wakho, izinto ozithandayo, okanye imbali yakho yohambo lwakutshanje.
Iisampuli zithunyelwa kwilebhu, apho iingcali ziza kujonga iisampuli zakho ukuba zikhona na iintsholongwane ze-B. pseudomallei kunye nee-antibodies ezichasene nazo. Iisampuli ezisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa i-melioidosis zezi:
- Igazi
- Umchamo
- I-sputum
- Ubomvu obuvela kwinxeba
Inyangwa njani iMelioidosis?
Oogqirha banyanga esi sifo ngeentlobo ezimbini zee- antibiotics ngamanqanaba amabini. Olu lunyango oluthatha ixesha elide.
- Kwinqanaba lokuqala (elinzima) : Uza kunikwa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (IV) ngemithambo ubuncinane iiveki ezimbini. Olu lunyango olufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
- Kwisigaba sesibini (sokucinywa) : Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngomlomo ubuncinane iinyanga ezintathu.
Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na, ungadinga unyango olongezelelekileyo, olufana nokukhupha amathumba ukuba akhona.
Zeziphi ii-antibiotics ezisetyenziselwa i-melioidosis?
Phakathi kwee-antibiotics ezifakwa kwimithambo yegazi (ezifakwe kwi-injection), ugqirha wakho unokukunika ezi zilandelayo:
- `I-Ceftazidime` `(I-Ceftazidime)`
- `Meropenem` `(Meropenem)`
- `Imipenem` `(Imipenem)`
Ezi zinokunikwa njengeyeza lokubulala iintsholongwane elisetywayo:
- `I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole` `(I-Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP/SMX)`
- `I-Amoxicillin/i-clavulanic acid` `(I-Amoxicillin/i-clavulanic acid - i-co-amoxiclav)`
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza ngqo kwikhosi epheleleyo yonyango oluchazwe ngugqirha. Musa ukuyeka phakathi kuba nje uzive ungcono kancinci.
Sizikhusela njani kwiMelioidosis?
Kwiindawo apho iintsholongwane ze-B. pseudomallei zixhaphake khona, ungathatha la manyathelo ukuzikhusela kwesi sifo:
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile okanye isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo , kuphephe ukudibana nomhlaba namanzi amileyo kangangoko unako.
- Nxiba izihlangu ezingangeni manzi xa uhamba emhlabeni omanzi, emanzini amileyo, okanye eludakeni.
- Nxiba iiglavu xa usebenza egadini okanye ngomhlaba.
- Ukuba unemikrwelo okanye imikrwelo emzimbeni wakho, yigqume ngesigqubuthelo esingangeni manzi . Musa ukuvumela umhlaba okanye amanzi ukuba angene emanxebeni, nto leyo enokuwenza angcole.
- Hlamba okanye uhlambe kakuhle emva kokusebenza ngomhlaba, ngamanzi anodaka, okanye ukusebenza ngaphandle.
- Nxiba imaski egquma impumlo nomlomo wakho xa ucheba ingca, usika ukhula, okanye usebenzisa izitshizi zamanzi ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu emhlabeni.
- Ukuba ucinga ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane ethi `B. pseudomallei`, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane (unyango emva kokuvezwa) ukuthintela i-melioidosis.
Yintoni endinokuyilindela ukuba ndifumana i-melioidosis?
Uninzi lwabantu abangenazo ezinye iimeko ezinzulu ezibangela le ngxaki kwaye abafumana unyango olukhawulezileyo banokuphila ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, unyango lunokufuneka luqhubeke kangangeenyanga ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo iintsholongwane. Ngamanye amaxesha iimpawu zinokuphinda zibuye nasemva kokuba unyango luphelile (ukubuyela umva). Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
Nangona kunjalo, kwabo baneengxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, okanye abo bangazange bakwazi ukufumana ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango, imeko inokuba mandundu ngakumbi.
Ngaba iMelioidosis inganyangeka?
Ewe, i-melioidosis inokunyangwa ngonyango lwe-antibiotic olunezigaba ezibini. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye izifo zinokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye unyango lusenokungaphumeleli rhoqo. Ke ngoko, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngaba iMelioidosis ingabulala?
Ngonyango olukhawulezileyo nolufanelekileyo, izinga lokufa liphakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% . Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokugula kakhulu kunye nokufa ngenxa ye-melioidosis uyanda xa:
- Nokuba unayo na enye isifo esibangela ingxaki okanye awunayo.
- Ukukwazi ukufumana unyango olusemgangathweni.
- Ngawaphi amalungu omzimba asulelekileyo?
Ndingazinyamekela njani njengomntu oneMelioidosis?
Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-melioidosis, thatha onke amayeza njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele . Ukuba uyeka ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ngokukhawuleza, ungagula kwakhona.
Qiniseka ukuba uya kugqirha ngeentsuku ozinikiweyo zokumbona. Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphela zize zibuye, okanye ukuba kuvela iimpawu ezintsha, okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, yazisa ugqirha wakho.
Iingxaki zeMelioidosis
I-Melioidosis ingasasazeka kwiindawo ezininzi zomzimba wakho kwaye ibangele iingxaki ezifana nezi:
- Usulelo lwethambo `(Osteomyelitis)`
- Usulelo lwamalungu `(Isifo samathambo esibangelwa yiSeptic)`
- Ukuqokelelwa kobofu (amathumba) eluswini, emiphungeni, esibindini, espleen, ebuchosheni, okanye kwezinye izitho zomzimba
- I-Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- I-Sepsis - Oku kungaba yingozi ebomini, impendulo enzima yomzimba kwisifo esonakalisa amalungu omzimba.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba uneempawu ze-melioidosis, ingakumbi ukuba uhlala kwindawo apho i-B. pseudomallei ixhaphake khona okanye usandul' ukuhamba kuyo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko . Unyango olukhawulezileyo lukunika ithuba elihle lokuchacha ngokupheleleyo.
Ukuba ucinga ukuba usandul’ ukudibana nebhaktheriya i-B. pseudomallei, bona ugqirha. Usenokukwazi ukukunika i-prophylaxis emva kokuchaphazeleka ukuze akuthintele ekufumaneni esi sifo.
Ndingaya nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?
Ukuba unezi mpawu ziqatha, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka ngokukhawuleza:
- Umkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwe-103 Fahrenheit/39.4 Celsius)
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngequbuliso okanye obuqatha
- Intlungu ebuhlungu yesisu
- Ukudideka okanye olunye utshintsho lwengqondo
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Iimeko zokuxhuzula (ukuxhuzula)
Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?
Kunganceda ukubuza ugqirha wakho le mibuzo:
- Ndingawathatha njani amayeza am?
- Ndingabuya nini ndize kukubona kwakhona?
- Ndiza kuphola nini?
- Zeziphi iimpawu ekufuneka ndiye kwigumbi likaxakeka ukuze ndizifumane?
- Ndingenza ntoni ukulawula iimpawu zam ekhaya?
- Ingaba esi sifo siyasulela? (Ngoku ndiyazi ukuba oku kunqabile, kodwa kulungile ukuqiniseka)
Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)
I-Melioidosis sisifo esifuna ingqalelo ethile kwaye kunokuba nzima ukusifumanisa . Kuba iimpawu zaso zinokufana nezezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo nezingengobungozi kangako. Ukuba asinyangwa, sinokuba yingozi ebomini.Ngoko ke ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane ye-'B. pseudomallei', okanye ukuba uneempawu ze-melioidosis, okanye ukuba ukwiqela elinomngcipheko onokuba yingozi ngakumbi, ungathandabuzi ukubona ugqirha wakho uze uxoxe ngezinto ezikuxhalabisayo . Ukuthatha inyathelo ngokukhawuleza yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhlala usempilweni!
I- Melioidosis, i-Burkholderia pseudomallei, usulelo lomhlaba, usulelo lwamanzi, usulelo lweebhaktheriya, uthintelo
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