Ngaba wakha waba nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu kangangokuba intamo yakho yayiqinile kangangokuba wawungenakukwazi nokuyigoba? Mhlawumbi xa unomkhuhlane ophezulu, amehlo akho aba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kangangokuba wawungenakukwazi ukujonga ukukhanya? Ezi azizo iimpawu ezilungileyo zokungazinaki. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo esiyingozi kakhulu, esaziwa ngokuba yi-"brain fever" kulwimi lwethu oluqhelekileyo. Esi sisifo esifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo kwaye sinokusongela ubomi. Ngoko masiqaphele oku.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-meningitis?
Cinga nje, ezimbini zezona zitho zixabisekileyo nezinobuthathaka emzimbeni wethu yingqondo kunye nomqolo, odlula emgogodleni. Ukukhusela ezi zitho zixabisekileyo, zijikelezwe sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esenziwe zii-membrane ezintathu ezincinci. Kufana nengubo ebhityileyo, ekhuselayo egubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo. Kwizonyango, ezi membrane sizibiza ngokuba yi-meninges .
Ngoko ke, ukuba ngesizathu esithile, umzekelo, ngenxa yosulelo lwebhaktheriya, ezi membrane ze-meningeal ziqala ukudumba, loo meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-meningitis . Xa ezi membrane zidumba, uxinzelelo engqondweni nasemgogodleni luyanda. Yiyo le nto ibangela iimpawu ezininzi eziyingozi.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-meningitis?
Nangona unobangela oyintloko we-meningitis kusulelo, le meko inokubakho ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo ezosulelayo. Ngoko ke, singayahlulahlula ibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili.
| Uhlobo | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| 1. I-Meningitis esulelayo | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo kwaye lubangelwa ziintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane. |
| • I-Meningitis yebhaktheriya | Olu lolona hlobo luyingozi kakhulu kwaye lufuna unyango olungxamisekileyo . |
| • I-Viral Meningitis | Nangona oku kuqhelekile, ngokuqhelekileyo akubi kangako njengohlobo lwebhaktheriya. |
| • I-Fungal Meningitis | Oku kunqabile kancinci. Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka banamathuba amaninzi okuba nayo. |
| • I-Parasitic Meningitis | Imeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu ebangelwa zizinambuzane. |
| 2. I-Meningitis engeyosuleleliyo | Ukudumba kwee-membranes zobuchopho ngenxa yezizathu ezingezizo iintsholongwane. |
| • Ngenxa yomhlaza | Inokwenzeka xa iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeka ziye kwiinwebu zobuchopho. |
| • Ngenxa yokwenzakala entloko | Inokwenzeka emva kokwenzakala entloko okanye utyando olukhulu. |
| • Ngenxa yamayeza athile | Kunqabile kakhulu, oku kungenzeka njengesiphumo esingesihle sezinye izithomalalisi zentlungu okanye ii-antibiotics. |
| • Izifo ezihlasela umzimba ngokwawo | Ingabangelwa ziimeko ezifana ne-lupus. |
Ukongeza, oogqirha bahlula esi sifo ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo:
- I-Acute Meningitis: Iimpawu zibonakala ngequbuliso, ngequbuliso. I-bacterial meningitis idla ngokuwela kolu didi.
- I-Chronic Meningitis: Iimpawu zikhula kancinci kancinci kwaye zihlala inyanga okanye ngaphezulu.
- I-Aseptic Meningitis: Ukuba akukho bhaktheriya ifunyenweyo xa kuhlolwa ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF), ibizwa ngokuba yi-Aseptic Meningitis. Eyona nto ibangela oku kusulelo lwentsholongwane.
Lumka kakhulu ngezi mpawu!
Iimpawu ze-Meningitis ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka. Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi, kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko .
| Iqela leminyaka | Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abadala | |
| Iimpawu eziphambili |
|
| Ezinye iimpawu |
|
| Iintsana | |
| Iimpawu ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukodwa |
|
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyavela, musa ukuhlala ekhaya uthi, "Masithathe i-paracetamol." Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.Xa unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuphepha iingxaki eziyingozi esanda.
Injani intloko ebuhlungu ye-meningitis?
Oku akufani nentloko eqhelekileyo. Kudla ngokuvakala njengentlungu enzima kakhulu nebukhali. Le ntlungu ingasasazeka entanyeni, emqolo, nakwamanye amalungu omzimba. Inokuba buhlungu kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukuyishukumisa intamo yakho.
Zithini izizathu ze-meningitis?
Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, zininzi izizathu zoku. Esona sixhaphakileyo lusulelo olubangelwa yintsholongwane.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane yi *Streptococcus pneumoniae* kunye *Neisseria meningitidis*. Ezi zezona zibangela izifo eziqatha kakhulu.
- Iintsholongwane: Iintsholongwane ezingezizo iintsholongwane zepoliyo kunye neentsholongwane zecoxsackie zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zeentsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane.
- Iifungi: Iifungi ezifana ne-*Cryptococcus neoformans* zinokubangela i-meningitis, ingakumbi kubantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abantu abane-HIV, izigulane ezinomhlaza).
- Iintsholongwane: Le meko inokubangelwa zizinto eziphilayo ezinqabileyo kakhulu, ezifana neentsholongwane ezidluliselwa ziimpuku.
- Izizathu ezingezizo ezosulelayo: Umhlaza, ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko, izifo ezifana ne-lupus, kwaye kunqabile kakhulu ukuba amayeza athile angabangela i-meningitis.
Sidluliselwa njani esi sifo?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. 'Imeko' ebizwa ngokuba yi-meningitis ayisuleli. Oko kukuthi, ukudumba kwee-membranes ezijikeleze ubuchopho akudluliswanga ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye.
Nangona kunjalo, ezinye 'zeentsholongwane' (iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane) ezibangela i-meningitis zinokudluliselwa komnye umntu ziye komnye.
- Ngosulelo lwebhaktiriya okanye lwentsholongwane olusasazeka ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye, ngokuthimla, ukukhohlela, okanye ngamathontsi amathe.
- Ngokutya ukutya okungcoliswe ziintsholongwane.
- Ngokuphefumla iifungi kwindawo ezingqongileyo.
- Njengengxaki yesifo esingenakusulelana njengomhlaza okanye i-lupus.
- Njengengxaki yokwenzakala entloko okanye utyando lobuchopho.
- Njengesiphumo esingesihle seyeza.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu?
Abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-meningitis kunabanye.
- Abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala kunye nabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 ubudala .
- Abantu abaneenkqubo zomzimba ezibuthathaka (umz., abo bane-HIV, umhlaza, isifo seswekile).
- Abantu abasuswe ulusu lwabo.
- Abantu abanezifo ezingapheliyo zendlebe nempumlo.
- Abantu abasela utywala kakhulu.
- Abantu abaye bafumana ingozi okanye utyando engqondweni okanye emgogodleni.
- Abantu abanesifo se-sickle cell.
- Abantu abahlala kwiindawo ezixineneyo , njengeendawo zokulala zaseyunivesithi kunye neenkampu zomkhosi .
Zithini iingxaki xa unyango lulibaziseka?
Eyona nto iphambili ebangela ukuba oku kube yingxamiseko kukuba ukuba unyango lulibaziseka, iingxaki ezinzima nezingapheliyo zinokubakho.
- Ukulahlekelwa kukuva okanye ukubona.
- Ubunzima bokuziphatha kunye nokucinga, ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo.
- Iingxaki zokunyakaza kwamalungu omzimba.
- Ukuxhuzula .
- Ukuqokelelana kolwelo engqondweni.
- Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi engqondweni.
- I-Sepsis - imeko esongela ubomi apho usulelo lusasazeka khona lungene egazini nasemzimbeni wonke.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kuqala akuhlole aze akubuze ngeempawu zakho. Uza kubuza ngayo nayiphi na imbali yohambo lwakho lwakutshanje okanye ezinye izifo ukuze azame ukufumana umbono wesizathu sesigulo sakho. Kunokufuneka iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokufumana unobangela ochanekileyo.
- Ukuthatha isampuli empumlweni okanye emqaleni: Jonga ukuba usulelo lukhona na.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga iimpawu zosulelo egazini.
- I-CT scan okanye i-MRI scan: Ukujonga ukuba kukho ukudumba okujikeleze ingqondo.
- Ukubhoboza iLumbar/Impompo yoMgogodla: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo noluchanekileyo . Kolu vavanyo, kufakwa inaliti encinci emqolo ongezantsi kwaye amathontsi ambalwa olwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) olujikeleze ingqondo kunye nomqolo asuswe ukuze kuvavanywe. Olu lwelo lwelo lunokuvavanywa ukuze kuchongwe ukuba kukho i-meningitis na nokuba ibangelwa yibhaktheriya okanye yintsholongwane.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-meningitis?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwisizathu se-meningitis. Zonke ezi ndlela zonyango kufuneka zithathwe esibhedlele.
- Kwi-meningitis ebangelwa ziintsholongwane: Ii-antibiotics ezifakwa ngemithambo yegazi ziqaliswa ngoko nangoko.
- Kwi-meningitis yefungus: Kunikwa amayeza okulwa nefungus.
- Kwi-meningitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane: Amayeza okulwa nentsholongwane anikwa ezinye iintsholongwane, ezifana ne-herpes. Akukho nyango lukhethekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi ze-meningitis ebangelwa yintsholongwane, kwaye ukhathalelo oluxhasayo lunikezelwa ngokunika umzimba ukuphumla.
- Ukunciphisa ukudumba: Ii-corticosteroids zinikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kwimibhobho yengqondo.
- Ezinye iindlela zonyango: Kukwakho nonyango oluxhasayo olufana neentlungu zentlungu kunye ne-saline (IV fluids) ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuphiliswa?
I-viral meningitis idla ngokuziphelela kwisithuba seveki. Nangona kunjalo, iimpawu ze-bacterial okanye fungal meningitis zinokuqhubeka iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iveki emva konyango. Kungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuba ziphinde ziphile ngokupheleleyo.
Ngokutsho kweWorld Health Organisation (WHO), malunga nomntu omnye kwabathandathu ofumana i-bacterial meningitis uyafa. Kwakhona, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu uba neengxaki ezinkulu. Oku kubonisa indlela esi sifo esibi ngayo kwaye kubaluleke kangakanani ukufumana unyango ngokukhawuleza.
Simele senze ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kwesi sifo?
Kukho izinto ezininzi esinokuzenza ukuze sizikhusele kwiintsholongwane ezibangela iintlobo ezithile ze-meningitis.
- Gonyelwa: Kukho imijovo yokulwa nezinye iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokufumana imijovo ecetyiswayo yomntwana wakho kunye nawe.
- Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle: Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo.
- Thintela ukusasazeka kosulelo: Kuphephe ukudibana nabanye abantu xa unesifo esosulelayo. Gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho xa uthimla naxa ukhohlela.
- Ucoceko: Coca iindawo ezichukunyiswa rhoqo ngesibulali-ntsholongwane.
- Imikhwa yokutya ekhuselekileyo: Yitya ukutya okuphekiweyo kakuhle. Kuphephe ubisi olungagayiwanga kunye nokutya okwenziwe ngalo.
- Zikhusele kwiingcongconi nakwiintaka: Zikhusele kwizifo ezidluliselwa zizinambuzane ezithile, kuba zinokubangela ne-meningitis.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Meningitis yingxaki yezonyango . Musa ukuyithatha lula.
- Soloko ujonge iimpawu ezintathu eziphambili : umkhuhlane ophakamileyo, intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu, kunye nentamo eqinileyo . Ukuba ezi mpawu ziyenzeka kunye, yiya esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
- Iimpawu zingahluka, ingakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci. Lumkela intloko evuvukileyo, ukungaseli ubisi olwaneleyo, kunye nokucaphuka kakhulu .
- Xa unyango luqala ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuphepha iingxaki ezinzulu, ezihlala ixesha elide (ezifana nokungaboni kunye nokungeva).
- Kukho imijovo esebenzayo yokulwa nezinye iintsholongwane ezibangela i-meningitis, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana imijovo ecetyiswayo.
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