Ngaba uyayazi i-cancer ebizwa ngokuba yi-Mesothelioma? Makhe sithethe ngayo!

Ngamanye amaxesha siva ngeentlobo zomhlaza ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinzulu. I-Mesothelioma yenye yazo. Mhlawumbi ubunengxaki yokuphefumla okanye iintlungu esifubeni ixesha elide, kulungile ukucinga ngezi zinto. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le?

Yintoni iMesothelioma?

Ngamafutshane, i-mesothelioma luhlobo lomhlaza. Kodwa lo ukhethekile kancinci. Kukho i-membrane ekhuselayo ejikeleze ezinye zezitho ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu, njengesigqubuthelo esincinci. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-mesothelium . Lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli ze-mesothelium.

Cinga nje, imiphunga yethu ijikelezwe yi-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-pleura , kwaye amalungu ethu esisu ajikelezwe yi-membrane ebizwa ngokuba yi-peritoneum . Ezi ziindawo apho ixhaphake khona. Ayifane yenzeke kwi -pericardium , i-membrane efana ne-sac ejikeleze intliziyo, okanye kwi -tunica vaginalis, i-membrane ejikeleze amasende kumadoda.

Enye into ekhethekileyo ngale nto kukuba kunokukhula umhlaza ongaphezu komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha la mathumba anokudibana aze asasazeke njengephepha elijikeleze isitho. Xa oko kusenzeka, unyango luba nzima kancinci.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ze-mesothelioma?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili kuxhomekeke apho ikhula khona.

• I-Pleural mesothelioma: Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo . Lukhula kwingqimba ejikeleze imiphunga yethu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-pleura.
• I-peritoneal mesothelioma: Olu lolona hlobo lwesibini oluxhaphakileyo. Lukhula kwi-peritoneum, ulwelo olujikeleze amalungu omzimba esiswini nakwi-pelvic cavity.
• I-Pericardial mesothelioma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kakhulu . Lukhula kwi-pericardium, i-membrane efana ne-sac ejikeleze intliziyo yethu.
• I-Mesothelioma ye-tunica vaginalis testis (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-paratesticular mesothelioma): Le nayo ayiqhelekanga kakhulu . Ikhula kwi-lining ejikeleze amasende kumadoda.

Ngamanye amaxesha uva nge-"Solitary fibrous tumors", ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-"benign mesothelioma". Kodwa ngokwenene ayinxulumananga ne-"malignant" mesothelioma.

Ukongeza, ungaziva i-mesothelioma ichazwa njenge -epithelioid , i-sarcomatoid , okanye indibaniselwano yazo zombini , okanye i-biphasic, kuxhomekeke kwimilo kunye nezinye iimpawu zeeseli zomhlaza. Iindlela zonyango kunye noqikelelo lwesifo zinokwahluka kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-mesothelioma onayo.

Zithini iimpawu zoku?

Iimpawu ze-mesothelioma ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni ikuphi emzimbeni. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:

• Ifiva
• Ukubila ebusuku
• Ukudinwa rhoqo
• Ukunciphisa umzimba ngokungeyomfuneko
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye yesisu
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, njengokuphefumla kancinci (dyspnea) , ukukhohlela, kunye nobunzima bokuginya (dysphagia)
• Iimpawu zenkqubo yokugaya ukutya, umzekelo isifo sohudo, ukungabi namdla wokutya, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza
• Iimpawu ezinxulumene nenkqubo yentliziyo, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi kunye neendlela ezingaqhelekanga zokubetha kwentliziyo
• Ukudumba, amaqhuma, okanye iintlungu kumasende okanye kwindawo yemiphunga

Ukuba nenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akubonisi ukuba une-mesothelioma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu ziyaqhubeka, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango.

Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Eyona nto ibangela oku kukuvezwa kwi-asbestos . I-asbestos yiminerali efumaneka ngokwendalo. Ngaphambili, yayisetyenziswa kumashishini amaninzi, njengezinto zokwakha, ukwakha iinqanawa, kunye neshishini leemoto. Ubusazi ukuba i-asbestos ineefayibha ezifana neenaliti? Ezi zingonakalisa izicubu zethu ukuba siziphefumla okanye siziginye.

Kodwa into ekhethekileyo apha kukuba lo mhlaza awuphuhli kwangoko emva kokudibana ne-asbestos. Kungathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba uphuhle.

Kodwa oku akwenzeki kuwo wonke umntu. Asinguye wonke umntu ofumana i-asbestos ofumana i-mesothelioma. Kwaye asinguye wonke umntu ofumana i-mesothelioma oye wafumana i-asbestos. Oko kuthetha ukuba ezinye izinto zinokudlala indima.

Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?

Ukuba usebenze kumsebenzi okwenze wachaphazeleka yi-asbestos yinto ebangela umngcipheko omkhulu. Umzekelo:

• Abantu abasebenza ekwakheni nasekudilizeni izakhiwo
• Abantu ababandakanyekayo kushishino lokwakha iinqanawa
• Abantu abasebenza kwishishini lemigodi
• Abantu ababesebenza emkhosini (ezinye izixhobo ezindala zisenokuba zazine-asbestos)
• Abantu ababandakanyeka kushishino lokugaya
• Kwiindawo apho kulungiswa khona izithuthi (ingakumbi izinto ezifana neelinings zeebhuleki kwizithuthi ezindala)

Kukho nezinye izinto ezinobungozi:

• Ukuchatshazelwa yimitha: Ukuba sele ufumene unyango lwemitha yomhlaza (ingakumbi kwindawo yesifuba), okanye ukuba usebenza kumsebenzi okunika ithuba lokufumana imitha.
• Ukuvezwa kwi-Erionite: I-Erionite sisimbiwa esifana ne-asbestos. Yayikade isetyenziswa ekwakheni iindlela.
• I-Genetics: Utshintsho oluzuzwe njengelifa kwi-BAP1 gene lunokunyusa umngcipheko wokufumana iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza, kuquka i-mesothelioma.
• Isini sebhayoloji: Amadoda anamathuba amaninzi okufumana i-mesothelioma kunabafazi.

Iingxaki zeMesothelioma

I-Mesothelioma inokusasazeka (i-metastasize) iye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Inokubangela ukuba ulwelo luqokeleleke lujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion) , lujikeleze intliziyo (i-pericardial effusion) , okanye esiswini (i-ascites) . Ezi zinokubangela iingxaki ezingaphezulu kumguli.

Oogqirha bayibona njani le nto?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho kunye nembali yakho yempilo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo ukuze abone ukuba une-mesothelioma:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwemiphunga
• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso, olufana ne-chest X-rays kunye ne -CT scans
• Ii-PET scans (positron emission tomography - scans) ukujonga iiseli zomhlaza kwenye indawo emzimbeni
• Ukususa ulwelo kwi-pleural cavity okanye kwi-abdominal cavity (thoracentesis okanye paracentesis) kunye nokuluhlola ukuba alunazo iiseli zomhlaza (cytology)
• I-Biopsy - Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho iiseli zomhlaza na.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

Kudla ngokuba nzima ukunyanga i-mesothelioma ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olunye kuphela. Iindlela zonyango zinokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-mesothelioma onayo. Iindlela zonyango ezinokubakho ziquka:

• Utyando: Oku kungabandakanya utyando olufana ne -extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) (ukususwa kwemiphunga, i-pleura, kunye nomhlaza), i-pleurectomy ene-decortication ( ukususwa kwe-pleura kunye nomhlaza), i-cytoreduction (utyando lokunciphisa ubungakanani beeseli zomhlaza), okanye i-pericardiectomy (ukususwa kwengxowa ejikeleze intliziyo).
• Unyango lwe-Immunotherapy: Olu nyango luqeqesha amajoni akho omzimba ukuba aqaphele kwaye atshabalalise iiseli zomhlaza.
• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Oogqirha badla ngokunika amayeza ekhemotherapy ngemithambo yegazi (IV). La mayeza ahamba ngegazi aze abulale iiseli zomhlaza. Ezinye iindlela zonyango lwekhemotherapy, ezifana nekhemotherapy ye-hyperthermic intraperitoneal (HIPEC) , nazo zinikwa ngqo kwithumba.
• Unyango olujoliswe kulo:Ukuba iiseli zakho zomhlaza zinotshintsho oluthile kwimfuza, kusenokubakho unyango olujoliswe kuzo olunokuzinyanga.
• Unyango ngemitha: Unyango ngemitha lusebenzisa ii-X-ray ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo lwezonyango lwamayeza abaphandi abasawavavanyayo ukuze babone ukuba ayasebenza na.
• Unyango lokudambisa iintlungu: Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa unyango lokudambisa iintlungu ukuze akuncede ulawule iimpawu zomhlaza kunye nemiphumo emibi yonyango. Oku kungabandakanya izinto ezifana nolawulo lweentlungu kunye neendlela zokususa ulwelo oluqokelelana kufutshane namalungu omzimba.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ukhethe indlela yonyango ekufaneleyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, okanye utshintsho kwindlela ohamba ngayo esiswini, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Nangona kusenokubonakala kusoyikisa ukuphanda iimpawu zakho, kungcono ukufumana unyango kwangethuba kunokuba ubuye emva kwexesha. Ungakhathazeki, ukuthetha nogqirha kunokukunika uxolo lwengqondo.

Ngaba oku kungaphetshwa ngokupheleleyo? Okanye kunganyangeka?

Umhlaza awuthintelwa ngokupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, umngcipheko wokuba ne-mesothelioma unokuncipha ngokuhlala kude ne-asbestos. Ukuba kufuneka usebenze nge-asbestos okanye kwindawo enayo, kufuneka uthathe amanyathelo okukhusela ukuyiphatha nokuyilahla ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuba ukhe wanomsebenzi owakubangela ukuba uhlaselwe yi-asbestos ngaphambili, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kukho naziphi na iingcebiso zokujonga impilo yakho okanye naziphi na iimvavanyo.

Izinga lokusinda kwi-mesothelioma liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo onalo. Umzekelo, izinga lokusinda leminyaka emihlanu lohlobo oluqhelekileyo, i-pleural mesothelioma, liphakathi kwe-7% kunye ne-24%. Ngokubanzi, i-peritoneal mesothelioma inezinga lokusinda eliphezulu kunezinye iintlobo.

Kodwa khumbula, la manani asekelwe kubantu abafunyaniswe benaso isifo ubuncinane kwiminyaka emihlanu eyadlulayo. Asenokungabi yindlela epheleleyo yokuchaza oko unokukulindela ngonyango olutsha okanye ezinye izinto kwimeko yakho ethile. Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho ngemeko yakho ethile.

Ngaba iMesothelioma iyingozi kubo bonke abantu?

Hayi, i-mesothelioma ayibulali wonke umntu. Kodwa ngumhlaza onzima nosasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Kwakhona, ayifumaneki rhoqo kwizigaba zayo zokuqala, xa inyangeka kakhulu.

Kungokwemvelo ukuziva unexhala elikhulu kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ufumana isifo se-mesothelioma. Kuqhelekile ukufuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni ezayo kunye nendlela oza kuyithatha. Ukufumana amaqela enkxaso kunye nezinye izixhobo ezinokukunceda uqonde ukhetho lwakho kunokukunceda. Thetha ngokunyaniseka nogqirha wakho malunga nemeko yakho ethile, iinkxalabo zakho, kunye noko unokukulindela.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ndiyathemba ukuba ufumene ulwazi oluthile malunga ne-mesothelioma kwinto esiyithethileyo.

• Khumbula, lo ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukufuna iingcebiso zonyango ukuba uneempawu (ingakumbi ukuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yi-asbestos).
• I-Asbestos yeyona nto iphambili ebangela umngcipheko, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukulandela iinkqubo zokhuseleko xa usebenza kwiindawo apho kukho i-asbestos.
• Ukuba ufumana iimpawu, ungoyiki kwaye ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono.
• Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kukunceda ukhethe ukuba loluphi unyango olukulungeleyo.
• Awuwedwa. Inkxaso evela kusapho, abahlobo, kunye noogqirha ibaluleke kakhulu ngeli xesha linzima. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, joyina amaqela enkxaso.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Mesothelioma, i-Mesothelioma, umhlaza, i-asbestos, imiphunga, isisu, iimpawu, unyango