Ngaba siyayazi le sifo sokuphefumla esibizwa ngokuba yi-MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)?

Usenokuba awuzange uve nge-MERS ngaphambili. Kodwa ngoku, ngenxa yobhubhane we-COVID-19, sonke siqhelene kakhulu nee-coronavirus. I-MERS ikwalilungu losapho lwe-coronavirus, kodwa sisifo sokuphefumla esahlukileyo kancinci, ngamanye amaxesha sibi kakhulu. Ngoko ke, kufanelekile ukufunda kancinci ngaso kuwe nakusapho lwakho, akunjalo? Masithethe ngaso ngokulula.

Yintoni i-MERS?

Ngamafutshane, i-MERS sisifo esibuthathaka, esinzima, nesinzima ukuphefumla esichaphazela imiphunga yethu. Sibangelwa luhlobo oluthile lwentsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiCoronavirus . Ngokuchanekileyo, le ntsholongwane ibizwa ngokuba yi-'MERS-CoV' (iMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus). Esi sifo saqala ukuxelwa kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2012 eSaudi Arabia. Yiyo loo nto sibizwa ngokuba yi-"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome".

Masifunde kancinci ngeCoronavirus

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi ezi coronavirus kwaye kutheni ziyingozi kangaka. Enyanisweni, ii coronavirus aziyo ntsholongwane inye, kodwa liqela elikhulu lee virus. Zihlala zisulela iintaka, okanye izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezifana nezinja, iikati, kunye neenkomo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezi virus ziyatshintsha kwaye ziyatshintsha, kwaye kukho ithuba lokuba zinosulela nabantu.

Izazinzulu zaqala ukufumana ezi coronavirus phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-1960. Ukususela ngoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa iintlobo ezisixhenxe ze coronavirus ezinokubangela abantu bagule. Ezine kwezi zibangela iimpawu ezibuthathaka, ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye ezintathu zinzima kakhulu kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ezi zintathu zezi:

• `SARS-CoV` (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Oku kwachongwa ngo-2003. Usenokukhumbula ukuba ngelo xesha, kwakukho uloyiko olukhulu kwihlabathi liphela.
• `MERS-CoV` (iMiddle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus): Le yiyo esithetha ngayo ngoku. Yachongwa ngo-2012.
• `SARS-CoV-2`: Le yintsholongwane ebangele isifo se-`COVID-19` ebesisoloko silwa naso kutshanje.

Ixhaphake kangakanani i-MERS?

Ngoko ke, sixhaphake kangakanani esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yi-MERS? Ngokutsho kwe-World Health Organisation (WHO), ukusukela ngoJanuwari 2020, zi-2,519 kuphela iimeko ze-MERS ezibikwe kwihlabathi liphela ukusukela ngo-2012. Nangona ezi zigulana zibikwe kumazwe angama-27, i-80% yezi zigulana, oko kukuthi, isibhozo kwishumi, zibikwe zivela eSaudi Arabia. Njengaye wonke umntu, oku kuye kwenzeka emva kokuhamba ukuya kumazwe akwi-Arabian Peninsula, oko kukuthi, amazwe afana ne-Iraq, i-Iran, i-Israel, i-Saudi Arabia, ne-Syria, okanye emva kokuhlala apho. Ekubeni ilizwe lethu lisiya kula mazwe ngenxa yomsebenzi, kubalulekile ukukwazi oku. Kwanase-United States, zimbini kuphela izigulana ze-MERS ezibikwe. Zombini ngabasebenzi bezempilo, abaye baya eSaudi Arabia.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-MERS?

Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge ukuba ngubani osengozini enkulu yokufumana i-MERS. Cinga ngezi nyani:

• Kwabo basandul’ ukuya kwi-Arabian Peninsula (umz. iSaudi Arabia, iQatar, iUnited Arab Emirates).
• Kwabo baye baya kwiPeninsula yaseArabia kwaye bebesoloko benxibelelene nomntu owathi kamva wagula.
• Kwabo bebesondelelene kakhulu nomntu oqinisekisiweyo ukuba wosulelwe yi-'MERS-CoV'.
• Ukuba ungumsebenzi wezempilo , usebenze ngokusondeleyo nesigulana se-MERS kwaye awuzange ulandele amanyathelo afanelekileyo okulawula usulelo.
• Kwabo bathe badibana ngqo neenkamela, okanye abakhe batya inyama yenkamela engaphekwanga, okanye abasele ubisi lwenkamela olungagayiwanga. (Oku akubalulekanga kangako eSri Lanka, kodwa kubalulekile kwabo bahamba baya kuMbindi Mpuma).

Ivela phi intsholongwane ye-MERS?

Cinga ngendawo ezi ntsholongwane zivela kuyo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba izifo ezifana ne-MERS, i-SARS, kunye ne-COVID-19 zaqala zaqala kumalulwane, zaza zasasazeka kwezinye izilwanyana, zaza ekugqibeleni zasasazeka ebantwini.

• Okwangoku kukholelwa ukuba intsholongwane ye-MERS-CoV yasuka kwiimpukane yaya kwiinkamela yaza yasuka kwiinkamela yaya ebantwini .
• Intsholongwane ye-SARS-CoV yafika ebantwini nge-civet (isilwanyana esincinci esanyisayo esifumaneka eAfrika naseAsia).
• Izazinzulu azikayazi kakuhle ukuba intsholongwane ye-COVID-19 yavela kwesiphi isilwanyana ebantwini.

I-MERS idluliselwa njani?

Njengezinye izifo ezisulelayo, intsholongwane ye-MERS-CoV ihlala kwindlela yethu yokuphefumla. Ngoko ke, idluliselwa ikakhulu ngamathontsi okuphefumla akhutshwa xa umntu ekhohlela okanye ethimla.

I-MERS sisifo esosulelayo. Nangona kunjalo, ayizange isasazeke ngokukhawuleza kwihlabathi liphela njenge-COVID-19. I-MERS ifuna unxibelelwano olusondeleyo ukuze isasazeke. Njengaphakathi kwamalungu osapho okanye xa unyamekela isigulana esibhedlele. Amagosa ezempilo akakayiboni isasazeka kuluntu lonke.

Kwakhona, iinkamela zinokusasaza ii-MERS. Iinkamela eSaudi Arabia nakwamanye amazwe angqongileyo zineentlobo ze-MERS ezifana neentlobo ze-MERS ezibangela izifo ebantwini. Oku kuthetha ukuba iinkamela zisasaza ii-MERS ebantwini.

Zithini iimpawu ze-MERS?

Umntu one-MERS usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu kwaphela. Okanye, usenokuba neempawu ezincinci ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha unokuqhubela phambili uye kwimeko embi kakhulu, esongela ubomi. I-MERS idla ngokubangela iimpawu zokuphefumla ezifana nezi:

• Ukukhwehlela
• Umkhuhlane (mhlawumbi umkhuhlane ophezulu)
• Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo

Abanye abantu baxele neempawu ezifana norhudo, isicaphucaphu, kunye nokuhlanza. Iimpawu ze-MERS zihlala ziqala kwiintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezilishumi elinesine emva kokuvezwa yintsholongwane.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinobungozi ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-MERS?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho xa i-MERS iba mandundu. Kulapho kufuneka sigxile khona kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezinzima, i-MERS inokuqhubekela phambili ibe yi-pneumonia , ukusilela kokuphefumla, kunye nesidingo somoya woomatshini . Oku kunokukhokelela nasekungasebenzini kwezintso.

Kuthiwa izinga lokufa kwabantu abane-MERS limalunga ne-35%. Oko kuthetha ukuba malunga nomntu omnye kwabathathu abafumana i-MERS uya kufa. Nangona kunjalo, oku kusenokuba ngaphantsi kakhulu. Eli nani alibandakanyi izigulane ezineempawu ezincinci, ezingafunyaniswanga okanye ezingaxelwanga.

Esi sifo sinokuba nzima kakhulu kubantu abanezinye iimeko ezibangela ukuba inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ingasebenzi kakuhle. Umzekelo:

• Umhlaza
• Isifo sentliziyo esingapheliyo
• Isifo sezintso esingapheliyo
• Isifo semiphunga esingapheliyo (umz. i-asthma, i-COPD)
• Isifo Seswekile (`Isifo Seswekile`)
• Abantu abadala

Ifunyanwa njani i-MERS?

Ukuba uneempawu zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla, ugqirha wakho uza kukubuza ngembali yakho yezonyango. Qiniseka ukuba uyamxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba ukhe waya naphi na kutshanje, ingakumbi kuMbindi Mpuma, okanye ukhe wadibana nabantu abagulayo okanye iinkamela.

Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwelabhoratri lunokwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba unayo na intsholongwane esebenzayo okanye yangaphambili ye-MERS. Ugqirha wakho angathabatha iisampulu ezininzi, ezifana nezi:

• Isampulu yendlela yokuphefumla esezantsi: Usenokucelwa ukuba uqokelele i-sputum (okanye i-phlegm) kwisikhongozeli. Okanye, ugqirha wakho unokufaka ityhubhu encinci, eguquguqukayo (i-bronchoscope) entanyeni yakho ukuze athathe isampuli ye-sputum emiphungeni yakho.
• Isampuli yendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli ngaphakathi empumlweni okanye emphinjeni ongentla ngeswab.
• Isampulu yeSerum: ISerum yinxalenye engamanzi egazini lakho. Ugqirha uthatha isampulu yegazi lakho aze ayijikelezise kumatshini ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu (i-centrifuge). Emva koko iSerum yahlulwe kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets. Le serum emva koko ivavanywa ii-antibodies ezenziwe ngokuchasene nentsholongwane.

Ayizizo zonke iilabhoratri ezigunyazisiweyo ukuvavanya i-MERS-CoV. Ugqirha wakho angathumela isampulu kwilabhoratri yesebe lezempilo lephondo lakho okanye kwiziko elikhethekileyo, njengeZiko loLawulo lweZifo kunye nokuThintela (CDC).

Iphathwa njani i-MERS?

Okwangoku akukho nyango luvunyiweyo lwe-MERS oluchasene neentsholongwane. Oko kukuthi, akukho nyango luthile olunokubulala intsholongwane. Ngoko ke, unyango lunyango oluxhasayo, olunceda ukulawula iimpawu zakho ngelixa umzimba wakho ulwa nosulelo.

• Ukuba uneempawu ezingephi , ungaphumla ekhaya kwaye uthathe amayeza afana neparacetamol ukuze uncede iintlungu kunye nomkhuhlane.
• Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sibi kakhulu, kunokufuneka ulaliswe esibhedlele. Kwimeko enjalo, ungenza izinto ezinje:
• Nika ulwelo oluphuma kwi-IV (thintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni).
• Ukubonelela ngeoksijini eyongezelelweyo (kwiingxaki zokuphefumla).
• Ukuba ukuphefumla akunakwenzeka, kusetyenziswa umoya ongeniswa ngomatshini.
• Ukuba izintso aziphumeleli, i-dialysis nayo ingenziwa.

Ungayithintela njani i-MERS ukuba ingasasazeki kwabanye? (Ukuba une-MERS)

Ukuba uyazi okanye ucinga ukuba une-MERS, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka wenze ezi zinto ukuze ungasasazeki kwabanye:

• Hlala ekhaya ngoko nangoko. Hlala kwigumbi elahlukileyo kwabanye abantu. Ukuba kunokwenzeka, sebenzisa igumbi lokuhlambela elahlukileyo.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha namanzi (ubuncinane imizuzwana engama-20). Ukuba usebenzisa isicoci sezandla, kufuneka sibe ne-60% yotywala ubuncinane.
• Nxiba imaski yobuso xa ukwigumbi nabanye abantu.
• Gquma umlomo nempumlo yakho ngethishu xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla. Lahla ithishu esetyenzisiweyo kwisitya senkunkuma esivaliweyo ngoko nangoko uze uhlambe izandla zakho kwakhona.
• Fowunela ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uye kumbona uze umxelele ukuba usenokuba une-MERS ukuze akwazi ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko afunekayo.
• Ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, umzekelo, ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, tsalela umnxeba ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Imisebenzi eqhelekileyo ingaqhubeka nini kwakhona?

Ukuba uziva uphilile ngoku, thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba ungaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo. Isebe lezempilo lasekuhlaleni okanye isebe lezempilo lephondo liza kukunika isikhokelo sokuba kufuneka uhlale ixesha elingakanani ekhaya ukuthintela ukusasazwa kwe-MERS kwabanye. Oku kwenzeka de iimpawu zakho ziphele kwaye uvavanyo lwakho lubonise ukuba awunayo intsholongwane.

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-MERS? (Iindlela zokuthintela)

Okwangoku akukho gonyo le-MERS. Iindlela zokuzikhusela kwi-MERS ziyafana kakhulu nezo zezinye izifo zokuphefumla:

• Hlamba izandla zakho ngesepha rhoqo. Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphuma, ngaphambi kokutya, nasemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese.
• Xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla, gquma umlomo wakho nempumlo yakho ngethishu okanye ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa amehlo, impumlo, nomlomo ngezandla zakho kangangoko unako.
• Kuphephe ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo.
• Gcina iindawo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo (izibambo zomnyango, iitafile, iifowuni) zicocekile kwaye sebenzisa isibulali-ntsholongwane.

Ukuthintela ukosuleleka yi-MERS, ingakumbi kwiinkamela, yenza oku kulandelayo (kwabo batyelela amazwe afana noMbindi Mpuma):

• Qiniseka ukuba uhlamba izandla zakho emva kokuphatha iinkamela. Kuphephe ukudibana neenkamela ezigulayo nangayiphi na indlela.
• Kuphephe ukutya ubisi lwekamela olungagayiwanga kunye nenyama yekamela engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ukuba unesifo esinganyangekiyo (umz. isifo seswekile, isifo sentliziyo), okanye inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, kuphephe ukuya kwiindawo apho kukho iinkamela okanye ukusebenzisana neenkamela.

Ungazikhusela njani xa unyamekela umntu one-MERS?

Ukuba uhlala okanye unyamekela umntu one-MERS, amagosa ezempilo acebisa ukuba uthathe la manyathelo okhuseleko ongezelelweyo:

• Qiniseka ukuba unxiba imaski yobuso, ilokhwe, kunye neeglavu xa udibana nolwelo lomzimba waloo mntu (umz., umhluzi, amathe) okanye ulwelo oluphumayo.
• Nxiba iiglavu xa uhlamba izitya, iitawuli, izinto zokulala, kunye neempahla. Zihlambe ngokwahlukileyo kwizinto zabanye abantu. Hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle emva kokususa iiglavu.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni xa i-MERS isenzeka? (Ukuxela kwangaphambili)

Ukuba awuzange uye kwi-Arabian Peninsula, okanye ukuba ukhe waya apho kwaye awuzange udibane nomntu oneempawu, amathuba akho okufumana i-MERS aphantsi kakhulu. Musa ukukhathazeka.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana i-MERS, usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba nesifo esinzulu, ingakumbi ukuba unezinye iingxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo, njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili. Ugqirha wakho uza kukujonga ngokusondeleyo aze akunike ukhathalelo oluxhasayo ukulawula iimpawu zakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba uneempawu ze-MERS (umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, ubunzima bokuphefumla) kwaye ucinga ukuba usenokuba ukhe wachaphazeleka yintsholongwane ye-MERS-CoV (umz., kutshanje uye kuMbindi Mpuma, wadibana nomntu owayekhe wadibana neenkamela), kufuneka ubone ugqirha ngoko nangoko.

Iimpawu ze-MERS zinokuba nzima kakhulu kwaye zibeke ubomi esichengeni. Ngoko ke, ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu, fowunela ugqirha wakho okanye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.

Izinto esifanele sizikhumbule kweli bali (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke, kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali lide:

• I-MERS sisifo esingaqhelekanga kodwa esinokuba yingozi kakhulu sokuphefumla. Akunakwenzeka ukuba sifumaneke ngaphandle kokuhamba siye kwi-Arabian Peninsula okanye ukudibana nomntu obekhe waya apho kwaye eneempawu.
• Ukuba uceba ukutyelela i-Arabian Peninsula, qiniseka ukuba ugcina ucoceko olusisiseko. Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo, kuphephe ukuchukumisa ubuso bakho, kwaye lumka xa ujikeleze iinkamela. Kuphephe ubisi lwenkamela oluluhlaza kunye nenyama yenkamela engaphekwanga kakuhle.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-MERS, fowunela ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Banokwenza uvavanyo olufunekayo baze bakunike isikhokelo sendlela yokulawula esi sifo kunye nokuthintela ukuba singasasazeki kwabanye.
• Ukwazi lelona khuselo lilungileyo. Ukuzazi ezi zifo kusinceda sizikhusele kuzo.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

` I-MERS, i-coronavirus, isifo sokuphefumla saseMbindi Mpuma, isifo sokuphefumla, iinkamela, intsholongwane, iimpawu